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ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF PULSED WAVE-PROPAGATION INTO A VISCOUS-FLUID

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 1995年第4期42卷 789-792页

作者： LUDWIG, R LEVIN, PL Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

A transient analytical expression for the propagation of pulsed ultrasound through a viscous fluid is derived by evaluating the Laplace transform in the complex domain. The numerical solution of the viscous wave equation without any restricting approximations is developed for a full space with an impulsive excitation at the origin. Different values of the viscosity coefficient for a given sound speed clearly delineate the transition from a pure parabolic, or diffusive to a pure hyperbolic or wave propagation behavior. This region is often of crucial importance from a practical point of view as ultrasonic instrumentation in medical imaging and nondestructive testing must compensate not only for phase differences due to propagation delays but also for pulse distortion due to attenuation mechanisms in the medium of interest.

关键词： Nondestructive Testing pulse distortion Propagation delay Fluid Numerical viscous fluids Medical imaging Viscosity coefficients Laplace transform Wave equation point of view

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High-Fidelity Document Stain Removal via A Large-Scale Real-World Dataset and A Memory-Augmented Transformer

High-Fidelity Document Stain Removal via A Large-Scale Real-...

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IEEE Workshop on Applications of computer Vision (WACV)

作者： Mingxian Li Hao Sun Yingtie Lei Xiaofeng Zhang Yihang Dong Yilin Zhou Zimeng Li Xuhang Chen School of Computer Science and Engineering Huizhou University Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Electronic and Communication Engineering Shenzhen Polytechnic University

ISBN: (数字)9798331510831

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510848

Document images are often degraded by various stains, significantly impacting their readability and hindering downstream applications such as document digitization and analysis. The absence of a comprehensive stained document dataset has limited the effectiveness of existing document enhancement methods in removing stains while preserving fine-grained details. To address this challenge, we construct StainDoc, the first large-scale, high-resolution (2145 x 2245) dataset specifically designed for document stain removal. StainDoc comprises over 5,000 pairs of stained and clean document images across multiple scenes. This dataset encompasses a diverse range of stain types, severities, and document backgrounds, facilitating robust training and evaluation of document stain removal algorithms. Furthermore, we propose StainRestorer, a Transformer-based document stain removal approach. StainRestorer employs a memory-augmented Transformer architecture that captures hierarchical stain representations at part, instance, and semantic levels via the DocMemory module. The Stain Removal Transformer (SRTransformer) leverages these feature representations through a dual attention mechanism: an enhanced spatial attention with an expanded receptive field, and a channel attention captures channel-wise feature importance. This combination enables precise stain removal while preserving document content integrity. Extensive experiments demonstrate StainRestorer's superior performance over state-of-the-art methods on the Stain-Doc dataset and its variants *** and ***, establishing a new benchmark for document stain removal. Our work highlights the potential of memory-augmented Transformers for this task and contributes a valuable dataset to advance future research.

关键词： Training Deep learning computer vision Text analysis Attention mechanisms Semantics Memory architecture Benchmark testing Transformers Image restoration

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Hot-carrier thermal breakdown and S-type current-voltage characteristics in perforated graphene structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ryzhii, V. Tang, C. Ryzhii, M. Shur, M.S. Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Sendai980-8578 Japan Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Aizu Aizu-Wakamatsu965-8580 Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States

We investigate the carrier transport characteristics of perforated graphene layer (PGL) composed of arrays of interdigital coplanar graphene microribbons (GMRs) connected by graphene nanoribbon (GNR) bridges. We analyze their operation at room-temperature. Under an applied bias voltage, two-dimensional electron and hole systems (2DES and 2DHS) form in adjacent GMRs. The terminal current in these PGL structures is primarily governed by thermionic transport across the GNR bridges. As electrons and holes traverse the GNRs, they induce heating in the 2DES and 2DHS, creating a positive feedback loop between carrier heating and thermionic emission. This phenomenon, characterized as hot-carrier thermal breakdown, can give rise to S-shaped inter-GMR current-voltage characteristics. These unique transport properties make PGLs promising candidates for fast, voltage-controlled room-temperature switches and electromagnetic radiation detectors. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Thermionic emission

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DISC: Dynamic Decomposition Improves LLM Inference Scaling

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Light, Jonathan Cheng, Wei Yue, Wu Oyamada, Masafumi Wang, Mengdi Paternain, Santiago Chen, Haifeng Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY United States NEC Laboratories America PrincetonNJ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States NEC Corporation Tokyo Japan

Inference scaling methods often rely on decomposing problems into steps (or groups of tokens), followed by sampling and selecting the best next steps. However, these steps and their sizes are often predetermined or manually designed based on domain knowledge. We propose dynamic decomposition, a method that adaptively and automatically fractions solution and reasoning traces into manageable steps during inference. By more effectively allocating compute – particularly through subdividing challenging steps and prioritizing their sampling – dynamic decomposition significantly improves inference efficiency. Experiments on benchmarks such as APPS, MATH, and LiveCodeBench demonstrate that dynamic decomposition outperforms static approaches, including token-level, sentence-level, and single-step decompositions. These findings highlight the potential of dynamic decomposition to improve a wide range of inference scaling techniques. © 2025, CC BY.

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Monitoring Skin Volatile Emissions Using Wearable Sensors

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Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.) 2025年第1期18卷 285-305页

作者： Angioi, R. Thamatam, N. Agah, M. Morrin, A. School of Chemical Sciences SFI Insight Centre for Data Analytics Dublin City University Dublin Ireland email: VT MEMS Lab Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA United States

Human skin emits a continuous flux of volatile compounds reflecting various metabolic processes in the body, microbial activity, and environmental factors. Harnessing this emission for diagnostics is of great interest given the noninvasive, passive, and accessible nature of the emission, and there is much research underway to understand the value of this skin-emitted volatile organic compound (VOC) matrix. In parallel to this, wearable skin VOC sensors are emerging and garnering attention due to their potential to provide noninvasive, real-time information for monitoring human health, overcoming many of the design challenges related to biofluid monitoring via wearables. The projected opportunities for skin VOCs are fueling innovations in wearable VOC monitoring. This review discusses the most recent developments, from fully integrated wearable skin VOC sensors that exploit existing semiconductor technology to the design and preparation of advanced new sensing materials and devices to deliver new modalities for wearable skin VOC sensors. We articulate the challenges, limitations, and opportunities for technological advances to provide a perspective on promising directions for future developments.

关键词： electrochemical detection gas chromatography–mass spectrometry gland secretions metabolites microbial optical detection volatile organic compounds

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Intelligent Reflecting Surface Based Localization of Mixed Near-Field and Far-Field Targets

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhu, Weifeng Wang, Qipeng Zhang, Shuowen Di, Boya Liu, Liang Eldar, Yonina C. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Department of Electronics Peking University Beijing100871 China Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot7610001 Israel

This paper considers an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted bi-static localization architecture for the sixth-generation (6G) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network. The system consists of a transmit user, a receive base station (BS), an IRS, and multiple targets in either the far-field or near-field region of the IRS. In particular, we focus on the challenging scenario where the line-of-sight (LOS) paths between targets and the BS are blocked, such that the emitted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals from the user reach the BS merely via the user-target-IRS-BS path. Based on the signals received by the BS, our goal is to localize the targets by estimating their relative positions to the IRS, instead of to the BS. We show that subspace-based methods, such as the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, can be applied onto the BS’s received signals to estimate the relative states from the targets to the IRS. To this end, we create a virtual signal via combining user-target-IRS-BS channels over various time slots. By applying MUSIC on such a virtual signal, we are able to detect the far-field targets and the near-field targets, and estimate the angle-of-arrivals (AOAs) and/or ranges from the targets to the IRS. Furthermore, we theoretically verify that the proposed method can perfectly estimate the relative states from the targets to the IRS in the ideal case with infinite coherence blocks. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of our proposed IRS-assisted localization scheme. Our paper demonstrates the potential of employing passive anchors, i.e., IRSs, to improve the sensing coverage of the active anchors, i.e., BSs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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Near-field Source Localization in 3-D Using Two Parallel Centrally Symmetric Unfold Coprime Array

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Chen, Hua Li, Junjie Yang, Songjie Liu, Wei Eldar, Yonina C. Yuen, Chau Ningbo University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo315211 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Chengdu610054 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Kowloon Hong Kong Weizmann Institute of Science Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Rehovot7610001 Israel Nanyang Technological University School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Singapore639798 Singapore

Most near-field (NF) localization algorithms cannot deal with the underdetermined case, while those which can are computationally expensive due to employment of fourth-order cumulants. In this work, a low-complexity solution is provided for underdetermined three-dimensional (3-D) NF localization, by employing second-order statistics with a tailored array configuration named two parallel centrally symmetric unfold coprime (TPSC) array. Its implementation can be divided into three stages. Firstly, the proposed algorithm constructs two cross-correlation matrices based on the received array data, which eliminates the non-linear range-related information of NF signals. Secondly, covariance and vectorization operations are applied to these two cross-correlation matrices to form a virtual array with extended aperture. Finally, the two-dimensional (2-D) angle parameters are estimated by the sparse and parametric approach (SPA) and a phase retrieval operation, and then the one-dimensional (1-D) range parameter is achieved by the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. One specific feature is that the estimated angle and range parameters are matched automatically. An analysis of the properties of the TPSC array is provided, and an optimal parameter configuration is derived, given that the total number of array elements is fixed. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed TPSC array can achieve underdetermined 3-D NF localization, and deliver enhanced estimation capabilities, surpassing those of established algorithms. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Multiple signal classification

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Evaluating Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution Grid Stability and Efficiency Through Adaptive Load Management Strategies

Evaluating Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution...

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2025 International Conference on Intelligent Control, Computing and Communications, IC3 2025

作者： Janakiraman, V. Ahmad, Sabbir Revathi, V. Dutt, Amit Rani, K.Pushpa Al-Rubaye, Taqi Mohammed Khattab Bobba, Phaneendra Babu Galgotias university Department of Electrical Electronics & Communication Engineering Uttar Pradesh Gerater Noida203201 India University Polytechnic Jamia Millia Islamia Department of Electronics Engineering F/O Engineering & Tech India New Horizon College of Engineering Department of Applied Sciences Bangalore India Lovely Professional University Phagwara India Mlr Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Telangana Hyderabad India College of Medical Technologies The Islamic University Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Najaf Iraq Griet Department of Eee Telangana Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527495

The high growth rates of the EV market create complex issues for distribution grids, forcing a detailed examination of grid responses at high rates of EV deployment. This paper seeks to elucidate the effects of EV charging on the distribution grid stability With this, the impact of the pod on voltage fluctuations, line load, and power loss is assessed using the IEEE 37-bus system. Load patterns of EV charging stations are consequently simulated successfully by a number of real and statistically created synthetic data sources, which truly represent averaged fluctuations in load. The study looks at several charging methods of the EV, such as time of use and smart charging, to determine their impact on the grids. Furthermore, the utilization of renewable energy sources for improving the aspects of grid reliability is explored. Regarding performance aspects related to the expansion of widespread EV charging and the efficiency of the applied measures for grid stabilization, the results of this study offer beneficial information. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Electric buses

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NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION AND MODEL PREDICTIONS OF A UNIFIED CONSERVATION LAW DESCRIPTION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCTION PROCESS

引用

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 1992年第4期39卷 481-488页

作者： LUDWIG, R Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

A numerical formulation and its computer implementation of the electro-acoustic transduction process governing an electromagnetic acoustic transducer are discussed. Based on momentum law descriptions of the underlying physical concepts, a multistage finite element, finite difference procedure is developed to predict the acoustic wave radiation into an isotropic half space due to an excitation coil driven by a high-frequency, pulsed current. To demonstrate the flexibility of this novel approach, the acoustic wave generation efficiency of constant versus variable lift-off wire pair configurations of a meander coil suspended over a metallic specimen is examined in two dimensions. It will be shown for the Lorentz force density induced by 5 and 8 wire pair meander coils that a variable wire lift-off creates a more uniform volume force density in the metallic specimen and consequently produces more efficient broad band surface waves as compared to the conventional fixed lift-off arrangement. Furthermore, the directivity patterns of these finite aperture, pulsed elastic wave phenomena exhibit behaviors that cannot be adequately predicted by simple analytical formulas.

关键词： Predictive models Numerical models Coils Acoustic waves Electromagnetic radiation Acoustic transducers Finite element methods Finite difference methods Acoustic pulses Pulsed electroacoustic methods

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FFT COMPUTATION WITH SYSTOLIC ARRAYS, A NEW ARCHITECTURE

引用

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 1994年第4期41卷 278-284页

作者： BORIAKOFF, V Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

The use of the Cooley-Tukey algorithm for computing the 1-d FFT lends itself to a particular matrix factorization which suggests direct implementation by linearly-connected systolic arrays. Here we present a new systolic architecture that embodies this algorithm. This implementation requires a smaller number of processors and a smaller number of memory cells than other recent implementations, as well as having all the advantages of systolic arrays. For the implementation of the decimation-in-frequency case, word-serial data input allows continuous real-time operation without the need of a serial-to-parallel conversion device. No control or data stream switching is necessary. computer simulation of this architecture was done in the context of a 1024 point DFT with a fixed point processor, and CMOS processor implementation has started.

关键词： FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ONLINE PROCESSING SYSTOLIC ARRAYS VLSI

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