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Automating life science labs at the single-cell level through precise ultrasonic liquid sample ejection:PULSE

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第6期10卷 173-188页

作者： Peiran Zhang Zhenhua Tian Ke Jin Kaichun Yang Wesley Collyer Joseph Rufo Neil Upreti Xianjun Dong Luke P.Lee Tony Jun Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub Department of NeurologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Institute of Quantum Biophysics Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea Department of Chemistry&Nanoscience Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea

Laboratory automation technologies have revolutionized biomedical ***,the availability of automation solutions at the single-cell level remains scarce,primarily owing to the inherent challenges of handling cells with such small dimensions in a precise,biocompatible ***,we present a single-cell-level laboratory automation solution that configures various experiments onto standardized,microscale test-tube matrices via our precise ultrasonic liquid sample ejection technology,known as *** enables the transformation of titer plates into microdroplet arrays by printing nanodrops and single cells acoustically in a programmable,scalable,and biocompatible *** pipetting robots,PULSE enables researchers to conduct biological experiments using single cells as anchoring points(e.g.,1 cell vs.1000 cells per“tube”),achieving higher resolution and potentially more relevant data for modeling and downstream *** demonstrate the ability of PULSE to perform biofabrication,precision gating,and deterministic array barcoding via preallocated droplet-addressable *** cells can be gently printed at a speed range of 5–20 cell⋅s−1 with an accuracy of 90.5–97.7%,which can then adhere to the substrate and grow for up to 72 h while preserving cell *** the deterministic barcoding experiment,95.6%barcoding accuracy and 2.7%barcode hopping were observed by comparing the phenotypic data with known genotypic data from two types of single *** PULSE platform allows for precise and dynamic analyses by automating experiments at the single-cell level,offering researchers a powerful tool in biomedical research.

关键词： precise liquid offering

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Analysis of a Transformerless High Step-Down DC-DC Converter

Analysis of a Transformerless High Step-Down DC-DC Converter

引用

2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023

作者： Truong, Phan Nhat Anh Dung, Nguyen Liu, Yu-Chen Chiu, Huang-Jen National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Taipei Taiwan Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Blacksburg United States National Taipei University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316445

The analysis and performance of a proposed high step-down DC-DC converter without employing transformers are discussed in this article. The operating principle of the control signals in this proposed converter is similar to the traditional two-phase interleaved buck converter, resulting in a simple controller. Moreover, the proposed converter has lower switches' voltage stress than the traditional buck converter. Therefore, the low voltage rating switches can be considered to achieve low losses, high efficiency, and low cost. Besides, the comparisons between the proposed converter and the previous high step-down topologies are presented to show the benefits of the proposed topology such as lower passive component count and higher effective duty cycle range. The experimental results of the 48W prototype have been provided to validate the theoretical analysis. © 2023 IEEE.

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Survey on Cryptoprocessors Advances and Technological Trends 3rd

Survey on Cryptoprocessors Advances and Technological Tren...

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3rd International Conference on Innovations in Computing Research, ICR 2024

作者： Kakoulli, Elena Zacharioudakis, Eleftherios Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science Neapolis University Pafos Paphos Cyprus Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering and Informatics Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Kyiv Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9783031655210

Cryptoprocessors play a pivotal role in enhancing the security of modern computing systems by accelerating cryptographic operations and fortifying data protection. This survey delves into the world of cryptoprocessors, encompassing their historical development, architectural features, and various types based on their applications. The paper explores the crucial security considerations surrounding cryptoprocessors, covering both physical and logical aspects, as well as potential threats and countermeasures. Furthermore, the survey navigates through the latest technological trends and advancements in cryptoprocessor design. This includes discussions on post-quantum cryptography, secure enclaves, and mitigating side-channel attacks, all of which are shaping the future of cryptoprocessors. Real-world use cases and applications in domains such as secure communications, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data centers are presented, showcasing the practical significance of cryptoprocessors. However, the paper also highlights the persistent challenges faced by cryptoprocessor designers and provides insights into future research directions aimed at addressing emerging security and performance issues. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the role of cryptoprocessors becomes increasingly vital in safeguarding sensitive information and fortifying the foundations of cybersecurity. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Internet of things

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An upgraded variant of backtracking search algorithm and its application to COVID-19 CT images segmentation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-57页

作者： Debnath, Sanjib Nama, Sukanta Chakraborty, Sanjoy Saha, Apu Kumar Mirjalili, Seyedali Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala799046 India Department of Science & Humanities Gomati District Polytechnic Fulkumari Tripura Udaipur799013 India Department of Information Technology Bir Bikram Memorial College Tripura Agartala India Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala799046 India Center for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimization Torrens University Australia Brisbane Australia Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VŠB-TU Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic University Research and Innovation Center Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Computer Science & Engineering The ICFAI University Tripura Tripura 799210 India

To improve the performance of the original backtracking search algorithm (BSA), this work combines BSA with a centralized population initialization and an elitism-based local escape operator and proposes a new, improved variant of BSA called CiBSA. BSA's performance is improved by centralized population initialization regarding search capability, convergence speed, and capacity to jump out of the local optimum. The suggested algorithm's elitism-based local escape operator method prevents BSA searching slowness and enhances convergence rates and local search efficiency. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been tested on a set of 54 test suites. An extensive comparison with other recent meta-heuristics algorithms (MA) demonstrates that both methodologies substantially assist BSA in boosting the quality of its solutions and speeding up the convergence rate. The proposed CiBSA is then applied to a real-world problem: image segmentation using Kapur's entropy function. The proposed CiBSA is successfully applied to the segmentation of COVID-19 CT images using Kapur's entropy for grey-scale images. Considering the performance matrices Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Feature Similarity Index (FSIM), and Intersection over Union (IoU), the suggested CiBSA outperformed conventional MA algorithms. In COVID-19 CT image segmentation trials, CiBSA has superior segmentation capability and adaptability at varied threshold levels than other approaches. As a result, CiBSA has a lot of potential for enhancing COVID-19 diagnosis accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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A Bi-Level Optimization Approach to Joint Trajectory Optimization for Redundant Manipulators

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Fried, Jonathan Paternain, Santiago The Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute United States

In this work, we present an approach to minimizing the time necessary for the end-effector of a redundant robot manipulator to traverse a Cartesian path by optimizing the trajectory of its joints. Each joint has limits in the ranges of position, velocity and acceleration, the latter making jerks in joint space undesirable. The proposed approach takes this nonlinear optimization problem whose variables are path speed and joint trajectory and reformulates it into a bi-level problem. The lower-level formulation is a convex subproblem that considers a fixed joint trajectory and maximizes path speed while considering all joint velocity and acceleration constraints. Under particular conditions, this subproblem has a closed-form solution. Then, we solve a higher-level subproblem by leveraging the directional derivative of the lower-level value with respect to the joint trajectory parameters. In particular, we use this direction to implement a Primal-Dual method that considers the path accuracy and joint position constraints. We show the efficacy of our proposed approach with simulations and experimental results. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trajectories

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A Photonic Front End for High Resolution Blue Spectral Sensor in 45 nm SOI SiPh Process

A Photonic Front End for High Resolution Blue Spectral Senso...

引用

Annual IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems (NEWCAS)

作者： Md Nabil Shehtab Dhrubo Jason Case Agung Julius Robert Karlicek Mona Hella Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY

ISBN: (数字)9798350361759

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361766

A photonic front end for a blue spectral sensor in a standard silicon photonic process is presented. The detector is capable of identifying multiple spectral peaks within the blue wavelength range (410 nm ~ 500 nm), The front end consists of grating structures with different grating pitches, followed by tapered waveguides. From the waveguide, the optical power is evanescently coupled to a silicon photodetector. To further improve the overall optical collection for the photo detector, an optical power combining network is also designed and optimized. The designs are fabricated using GlobalFoundries' 45SPCLO technology. The measurement results demonstrate the effect of varying the grating pitch in detecting different spectral peaks within the blue region, with peaks demonstrating responsivities ranging between 32~135 mAIW, depending on the grating pitch and the reverse bias.

关键词： Optical filters Biomedical optical imaging Optical device fabrication Optical detectors Silicon photonics Optical coupling Gratings

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Uncertainty Quantification for Recursive Estimation in Adaptive Safety-Critical Control

Uncertainty Quantification for Recursive Estimation in Adapt...

引用

American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Max H. Cohen Makai Mann Kevin Leahy Calin Belta Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Lexington MA Department of Robotics Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD

ISBN: (数字)9798350382655

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382662

In this paper, we present a framework for online parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification in the context of adaptive safety-critical control. The key insight enabling our approach is that the parameter estimate generated by the continuous-time recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm at any point in time is an affine transformation of the initial parameter estimate. This property allows for parameterizing such estimates using objects that are closed under affine transformation, such as zonotopes, and enables the efficient propagation of such set-based estimates as time progresses. We illustrate how such an approach facilitates the synthesis of safety-critical controllers for systems with parametric uncertainty and additive disturbances using control barrier functions, and demonstrate the utility of our approach through illustrative examples.

关键词： Uncertainty Parameter estimation Additives Control systems Recursive estimation

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Latency Analysis of Vehicle-to-Pedestrian C-V2X Communications at Urban Street Intersections

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Gill, Kuldeep S. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA United States

Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technology promises to provide ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) framework for connected vehicles. Connected vehicles can help us improve traffic safety, congestion and reduce fatal accidents. C-V2X promises new levels of connectivity and intelligence providing numerous features like infotainment, always-on telematics, real-time navigation, etc. with heterogeneous network architecture. C-V2X leverages existing cellular architecture and is on the way to replace DSRC/WAVE for vehicular communication. There are still some challenges which needs to be tackled before C-V2X can be deployed for efficient on-road V2X. In this paper, we look at end-to-end latency for Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) which demands ultra low latencies with reliable packet delivery ratio. To evaluate the LTE-V2P performance, we used network simulator for an urban intersection scenario where vulnerable road-side users (VRUs) are trying to cross the street and they communicate with moving vehicles. We evaluated the end-to-end latency and throughput for the given scenario and concluded that with the existing network architecture the latency is high. By utilizing multi-edge access computing (MEC) servers latency can be reduce drastically and hence can be made feasible for cellular V2P communication. © 2022, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Vehicle to Everything

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Domain Adaptation for Offline Reinforcement Learning with Limited Samples

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Weiqin Mishra, Sandipan Paternain, Santiago Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute United States

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) learns effective policies from a static target dataset. Despite state-of-the-art (SOTA) offline RL algorithms being promising, they highly rely on the quality of the target dataset. The performance of SOTA algorithms can degrade in scenarios with limited samples in the target dataset, which is often the case in real-world applications. To address this issue, domain adaptation that leverages auxiliary samples from related source datasets (such as simulators) can be beneficial. In this context, determining the optimal way to trade off the source and target datasets remains a critical challenge in offline RL. To the best of our knowledge, this paper proposes the first framework that theoretically and experimentally explores how the weight assigned to each dataset affects the performance of offline RL. We establish the performance bounds and convergence neighborhood of our framework, both of which depend on the selection of the weight. Furthermore, we identify the existence of an optimal weight for balancing the two datasets. All theoretical guarantees and optimal weight depend on the quality of the source dataset and the size of the target dataset. Our empirical results on the well-known Procgen Benchmark substantiate our theoretical contributions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Frontiers of Deep Learning: From Novel Application to Real-World Deployment

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Xie, Rui Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute United States

Deep learning continues to re-shape numerous fields, from natural language processing and imaging to data analytics and recommendation systems. This report studies two research papers that represent recent progress on deep learning from two largely different aspects: The first paper applied the transformer networks, which are typically used in language models, to improve the quality of synthetic aperture radar image by effectively reducing the speckle noise. The second paper presents an in-storage computing design solution to enable cost-efficient and high-performance implementations of deep learning recommendation systems. In addition to summarizing each paper in terms of motivation, key ideas and techniques, and evaluation results, this report also presents thoughts and discussions about possible future research directions. By carrying out in-depth study on these two representative papers and related references, this doctoral candidate has developed better understanding on the far-reaching impact and efficient implementation of deep learning models. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Synthetic aperture radar

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