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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： Herschel Herring Md Selim Habib Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida Polytechnic University Lakeland FL USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Florida Institute of Technology FL USA

A novel hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) design is presented for low-loss, single polarization, and single-mode operation at 2 µm for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The proposed fiber shows ...

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Effects of partial sleep deprivation on arterial vasculature in university students

Sleep Research

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Sleep Research 2024年第1期1卷 27-35页

作者： Vânia Freitas Clara Rocha Helder Santos Department of Clinical Physiology Polytechnic Institute of CoimbraCoimbra Health SchoolCoimbraPortugal Department of General Sciences Polytechnic Institute of CoimbraCoimbra Health SchoolCoimbraPortugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering INESC CoimbraUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Objectives:Investigate whether partial sleep deprivation for five nights causes vascular changes in healthy university *** design:Prospective observational ***:The study involved 18 young and healthy university students who were instructed to sleep as recommended for their age group for three consecutive *** the study's fourth night,participants slept a maximum of 5 h and,on the following nights,they slept less than 8 *** assessments consisted of carotid assessment,flow-mediated dilation,and blood pressure(BP)*** the 8 days studied,participants used actigraphy in their daily ***:A decrease in the BP of the common carotid artery(CCA),both systolic and diastolic resulted from partial sleep *** one night of partial sleep deprivation,there was a significant increase in peak systolic ve-locity and a significant decrease in the systolic diameter of ***,the systolic velocity returned to values similar to those of the control group with the accumulation of nights with sleep ***:Our study indicates that those who do not get sufficient sleep,display sudden alterations in their cardiovascular parameters,which are consistent with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease,myocardial infarction,stroke,and hypertension.

关键词： cardiovascular diseases endothelial dysfunction partial sleep deprivation vascular changes

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Real-Time Simulation of a Resilient Control Center for Inverter-Based Microgrids

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Beikbabaei, Milad Mehrizi-Sani, Ali The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States

The number of installed remote terminal units (RTU) is on the rise, increasing the observability and control of the power system. RTUs enable sending data to and receiving data from a control center in the power system. A distribution grid control center runs distribution management system (DMS) algorithms, where the DMS takes control actions during transients and outages, such as tripping a circuit breaker and disconnecting a controllable load to increase the resiliency of the grid. Relying on communication-based devices makes the control center vulnerable to cyberattacks, and attackers can send falsified data to the control center to cause disturbances or power outages. Previous work has conducted research on developing ways to detect a cyberattack and ways to mitigate the adverse effects of the attack. This work studies false data injection (FDI) attacks on the DMS algorithm of a fully inverter-based microgrid in real time. The fully inverter-based microgrid is simulated using an RTDS, an amplifier, an electronic load, a server, a network switch, and a router. The DMS is integrated into the server codes and exchanges data with RTDS through TCP/IP protocols. Moreover, a recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm is used to detect and mitigate the cyberattack. The effectiveness of the detection and mitigation algorithm is tested under various scenarios using the real-time testbed. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital storage

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Multi-domain Modeling of a Steam Power Plant with Power Grid

Multi-domain Modeling of a Steam Power Plant with Power Grid

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Workshop Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)

作者： Kyle Warns Asad Ullah Amin Shah Miguel Aguilera Junyung Kim Luigi Vanfretti Hyun Gook Kang Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Department Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Electrical Computer and System Engineering Department Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY

This work documents the development and testing of a multi-domain Rankine cycle-based balance of plant and power grid model developed using the Modelica language. Steady-state and transient behavior of the coupled systems is analyzed. Results indicate that simplified models of either steam turbines or generators used in traditional single-domain simulations do not sufficiently capture all dominant system dynamics. Initiation of power transients in the power plant clearly impacted grid operating current, and faults in the power grid were shown to cause variations in torque experienced by the shaft of the steam turbine. Therefore, multi-domain models such as this are necessary for analysis in the power generation industries in order to capture the interconnected behavior of complex energy systems.

关键词： Analytical models Torque Power system dynamics Power grids Generators Behavioral sciences Transient analysis

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Memory-Based Set Point Modulation for Improved Transient Response of Distributed Energy Resources

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Beikbabaei, Milad Alexander, Brady Venkataramanan, Ashwin Mehrizi-Sani, Ali The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States

As the composition of the power grid evolves to integrate more renewable generation, its reliance on distributed energy resources (DER) is increasing. Existing DERs are often controlled with proportional integral (PI) controllers that, if not properly tuned or if system parameters change, exhibit sluggish performance or large overshoot. The use of set point automatic adjustment with correction-enabled (SPAACE) with a linear predictor improves the transient response of these DERs without the need to access the PI controller parameters. The limitation of the existing SPAACE method is the high sampling rate needed for improved performance, which is not always practical. This paper proposes the addition of a memory term to the SPAACE with a linear predictor. This memory term is the integral of the errors of previous samples, which adds another layer to the prediction to improve the response at lower sampling rates and further reduces the overshoot and settling time compared to the existing SPAACE method. Time-domain simulation studies are performed in PSCAD/EMTDC to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transient analysis

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Safe residual reinforcement learning for helicopter aerial refueling

Safe residual reinforcement learning for helicopter aerial r...

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IEEE/ASME (AIM) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics

作者： Damsara Jayarathne Santiago Paternain Sandipan Mishra Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY

Autonomous helicopter aerial refueling is a challenging problem because of the complex aerodynamic interactions between the helicopter, the tanker and the refueling hose-drogue system. Methodologies solely relying on model-based control approaches are unable to directly address the aerodynamic interactions, whereas pure data-driven methods such as reinforcement learning (RL) often do not provide safety guarantees. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel residual RL control methodology that works in conjunction with a model-based outer-loop position controller. Further, we incorporate a safe RL algorithm that assures probabilistic safety guarantees by imposing appropriate constraints. This algorithm leverages the primal-dual formulation of a constrained optimal control problem to solve a sequence of RL problems that ultimately guarantees a probabilistic safety assurance requirement. The RL agent is trained in a simulation platform that consists of a reduced-order helicopter model and a state-dependent control mixer that appropriately delegates the control authority between the outer-loop controller and the RL controller. Once trained, the RL agent is deployed on a physics-based high-fidelity helicopter model without additional parameter tuning. These high-fidelity simulations reveal that the application of the proposed methodology yields a mean 2-norm error of 0.25m at the time of docking, which outperforms a purely model-based controller by 24%.

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Comparing Thermal Library Modeling Suites for Integrated Modeling of Nuclear Power Plant and Power Grids

Comparing Thermal Library Modeling Suites for Integrated Mod...

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Workshop Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES)

作者： Asad Ullah Amin Shah Kyle Warns Junyung Kim Miguel Aguilera Luigi Vanfretti Hyun Gook Kang Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Electrical Computer and System Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY

Decarbonization efforts in the United States has resulted in the increasing interest in flexible operation of nuclear power plants or thermal storage-based hybrid energy systems integrated with the power grid. Consequently, the need for rapid and effective modeling and simulation of such integrated systems is becoming critical. This requires modeling a approach that offers capabilities for multi-domain simulation that allows to model coupled phenomena accurately. This work focused on developing a proof of concept of such multi-domain models by designing a nominal model of a nuclear power plant balance of plant (BOP) system using the Modelica libraries. To model the thermofluidic domain, three libraries are evaluated, namely, ORNL’s TRANSFORM, Modelon’s ThermalPower, and Casella’s ThermoPower. Next, the thermofluidic model is coupled with an electrical grid model built using the OpenIPSL. To understand the tradeoffs of each library, the response of each different model to power transients in the nuclear power plant was analyzed. Simulation results and modeling methods were compared. The BOP model in TRANSFORM was found to be stiff and may require more detailed component models, e.g. condenser and feed water heater, to model the BOP more realistically and rapidly.

关键词： Simulation Water heating Transforms Low-carbon economy Libraries Power grids Kinetic theory

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The Impact of Motion Artifacts on Transcutaneous Oxygen Measurements

The Impact of Motion Artifacts on Transcutaneous Oxygen Meas...

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IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BIOCAS)

作者： Vladimir Vakhter Burak Kahraman Guixue Bu Foroohar Foroozan Beth A. Beidleman Ulkuhan Guler Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Analog Devices Inc. Wilmington MA USA United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA USA

Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring is a noninvasive method of measuring the partial pressure of oxygen permeating through the skin (PtcO 2 ). Its medical significance lies in correlating changes in PtcO 2 with alterations in arterial oxygen levels. Luminescent lifetime-based oxygen sensing is suitable for measuring PtcO 2 with miniaturized systems like wearables, where a consistent and reliable signal is crucial for accurate measurements. This study presents the preliminary results of examining the impact of motion artifacts on PtcO 2 measurements based on the luminescent lifetime-based technique. To conduct these tests, a custom wearable PtcO 2 monitor was used, and its onboard accelerometer was calibrated. The study included two human subjects who executed basic forearm movements (lateral and medial rotations and flexion). The pilot tests showed that the luminescent lifetime-based technique is notably resilient against motion artifacts, as the change in lifetime values during motions did not exceed 4%. Importantly, we believe this study is the first in the literature to specifically investigate the impact of motion artifacts on the lifetime-based PtcO 2 measurements through human tests.

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CONVERGENCE OF BACKPRIOPAG ATION WITH MOMENTUM FOR NETWORK A RCHITECTURES WITH SKIP CONNECTIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2021年第1期39卷 147-158页

作者： Chirag Agarwal Joe Klobusicky Dan Schonfeld Department of Electrical and Cormputer Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

We study a class of deep neural networks with architectures that form a directed acyclic graph(DAG).For backpropagation defined by gradient descent with adaptive momentum,we show weights converge for a large class of nonlinear activation functions.'The proof generalizes the results of Wu et al.(2008)who showed convergence for a feed-forward network with one hidden *** an example of the effectiveness of DAG architectures,we describe an example of compression through an AutoEncoder,and compare against sequential feed-forward networks under several metrics.

关键词： Backpropagation with momentum Autoencoders Directed acyclic graphs.

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Optimized Control of IoT-Monitored Microgrid Systems Using Genetic Algorithm

Optimized Control of IoT-Monitored Microgrid Systems Using G...

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2023 International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control, PEEIC 2023

作者： Vijayalakshmi, N. Yuvaraj, S. Baskar, V. Vijaya Krishnaswamy, R. Sasikala, K. Srinivasan, C. Government Polytechnic College Deputed from Annamalai University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India University College of Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Ariyalur India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357769

Microgrid (MG) systems have become a good way to make power generation and distribution more efficient, especially when Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are introduced. The inverter is a critical part of MGs since it regulates the voltage output to the grid. A unique method is proposed to tune the settings of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for the inverter using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The main aim is to use GAs to improve the inverter control in an MG that is monitored by the Internet of Things (IoT). GA's are very useful for resolving difficult optimization issues. Optimization of voltage regulation, stability, and power transmission to the grid may be achieved by using GA-based tuning of PID controller settings. From the simulation results, the GA-based methodology provides better control performance than conventional tuning approaches, providing exact voltage regulation and improving the MG's stability and dependability. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithm and Optimization technique Microgrid Renewable energy Voltage control

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