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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Nivetha Kanthasamy Alexander M. Wyglinski Raghvendra Cowlagi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA Aerospace Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA

ISBN: (数字)9781728152073

ISBN: (纸本)9781728140537

This paper characterizes the impact of interference on vehicular communications employing beamforming links between transmitters and receivers operating within a multipath propagation environment. Different road scenarios, such as an intersection and a roundabout are considered to determine the performance characteristics of the vehicle communication link. By employing the results for different antenna array elements and by varying distance, we analyse the bit error rate (BER) of vehicles operating in multipath propagation environments with an interferer within the vicinity of an communication link.

关键词： Antenna arrays Interference Transmitters Roads Array signal processing Receiving antennas

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Automatic extraction of secrets from the transistor jungle using laser-assisted side-channel attacks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Krachenfels, Thilo Kiyan, Tuba Tajik, Shahin Seifert, Jean-Pierre Technische Universität Berlin Germany Worcester Polytechnic Institute Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Fraunhofer SIT

The security of modern electronic devices relies on secret keys stored on secure hardware modules as the root-of-trust (RoT). Extracting those keys would break the security of the entire system. As shown before, sophisticated side-channel analysis (SCA) attacks, using chip failure analysis (FA) techniques, can extract data from on-chip memory cells. However, since the chip’s layout is unknown to the adversary in practice, secret key localization and reverse engineering are onerous tasks. Consequently, hardware vendors commonly believe that the ever-growing physical complexity of the integrated circuit (IC) designs can be a natural barrier against potential adversaries. In this work, we present a novel approach that can extract the secret key without any knowledge of the IC’s layout, and independent from the employed memory technology as key storage. We automate the – traditionally very labor-intensive – reverse engineering and data extraction process. To that end, we demonstrate that black-box measurements captured using laser-assisted SCA techniques from a training device with known key can be used to profile the device for a later key prediction on other victim devices with unknown keys. To showcase the potential of our approach, we target keys on three different hardware platforms, which are utilized as RoT in different products. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Side channel attack

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Bumblebee-Inspired C-V2X Dynamic Spectrum Access Testbed Using OpenAirInterface

Bumblebee-Inspired C-V2X Dynamic Spectrum Access Testbed Usi...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： Kuldeep S. Gill Kevin N. Heath Sreeshti Chuke Aneela Haider Robert J. Gegear Elizabeth F. Ryder Alexander M. Wyglinski Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA Department of Biology & Biotechnology Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA

ISBN: (数字)9781728152073

ISBN: (纸本)9781728140537

Cellular Vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) was introduced by 3GPP in Release 14, which supports direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication using sidelink channels. There are two modes in C-V2X for supporting V2V communication: Mode 3 and Mode 4. Both modes support V2V communications but differ on their spectrum allocation methodology. In out-of-coverage scenario defined under Mode 4, vehicles reserve spectrum resources using semi-persistent scheduling to enable direct communication. Currently, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) spectrum at 5.9 GHz is emerging as an immediate resource to facilitate vehicular communication which has already been assigned for IEEE 802.11p. However, these dedicated channels will not be sufficient to support the connected vehicles in densely populated cities. Leveraging the existing underutilized wireless spectrum elsewhere, such as in digital television spectrum band is a likely solution. An intelligent scheme is required which can make adaptive decisions based on channel environment to efficiently use the secondary spectrum. Bumblebee behavioral model possess evolved decision-making mechanisms to adaptively solve similar problems while foraging in environments containing multiple floral resources (channels). Simulation results using bumblebee-based algorithm have shown that a memory system based on the averaging of stored channel energy information dramatically increased VDSA performance over a memoryless system in both urban and highway scenarios by 52% and 20%, respectively. In this paper, we propose a vehicular dynamic spectrum access (VDSA) solution based on bumblebee behavioral model for C-V2X and evaluate its performance using OpenAirInterface (OAI) LTE-Sidelink platform.

关键词： Digital TV Long Term Evolution Switches Sensors Dynamic spectrum access Protocols Bandwidth

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NDTNet: Optical Nondestructive Evaluation with Compact Convolutional Neural Network

NDTNet: Optical Nondestructive Evaluation with Compact Convo...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Raunak Borwankar Reinhold Ludwig Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728144603

ISBN: (纸本)9781728144610

The inspection of high volume parts is critical for quality assurance in manufacturing industries. In this article, we put forth NDTNet, a compact convolution neural network (CCNN) based surface flaw inspection of metallic components. The compactness of CNN is achieved by model compression techniques like parameter pruning and quantization, which reduces its size by a factor of 18. In order to account for loss due to model compression, the CNN is trained with iterative parameter pruning and simulated quantization. The compact CNN is trained on over 120,000 images of size 224-by-224-by-3. The statistical evaluation of the proposed compact CNN shows it can achieve accuracy, precision and recall in the range of 96-98% for different compression techniques. The total evaluation time i.e. image acquisition and inference is about 10 seconds. Therefore, the proposed compact CNN is suitable for high volume metallic component inspection in real-time with high accuracy and speed.

关键词： Convolution neural networks Nondestructive testing Quantization Network pruning Metallic surface Quantization METAL SURFACE Nondestructive Testing Compact Compact Pattern HIGH CAPACITY Manufacturing industry Neural network image samples

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Interoperability of Deep Learning Denoising for Cross-Domain Emission Tomographic Images

Interoperability of Deep Learning Denoising for Cross-Domain...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： W. Fu Y. Yang J. Liu P.H. Pretorius F. Fahey M.A. King Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology CHICAGO Illinois United States of America Department of Radiology University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts United States of America Boston Children’s Hospital Emeritus Boston Massachusetts United States of America

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

Deep learning (DL) denoising methods have been applied for noise suppression in reduced-dose studies in various medical imaging applications. While effective, a DL denoising network is typically trained specifically for a given application setting. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of employing a single DL denoising network for processing reduced-dose studies from different application domains in emission tomography. We acquired two sets of clinical image data with 500 cases each, one from cardiac SPECT imaging and one from pediatric renal imaging. We evaluated the performance of DL denoising on the two data sets with imaging dose reduced by a factor of four. The quantitative results indicate that through adequate choice of loss function a single DL network could achieve performance for both domains on par with (or even better than) optimizing for each specific domain, overcoming the disparity in data characteristics between two application domains.

关键词： Deep learning Microwave integrated circuits Temperature Semiconductor detectors Noise reduction Tomography Single photon emission computed tomography

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Gate-Level Side-Channel Leakage Assessment with Architecture Correlation Analysis

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Kiaei, Pantea Yao, Yuan Liu, Zhenyuan Fern, Nicole Breunesse, Cees-Bart Van Woudenberg, Jasper Gillis, Kate Dich, Alex Grossmann, Peter Schaumont, Patrick The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnique Institute WorcesterMA01609 United States The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnique Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States Riscure North America San FranciscoCA94108 United States Intrinsix Corp. MarlboroughMA01752 United States

While side-channel leakage is traditionally evaluated from a fabricated chip, it is more time-efficient and cost-effective to do so during the design phase of the chip. We present a methodology to rank the gates of a design according to their contribution to the side-channel leakage of the chip. The methodology relies on logic synthesis, logic simulation, gate-level power estimation, and gate leakage assessment to compute a ranking. The ranking metric can be defined as a specific test by correlating gate-level activity with a leakage model, or else as a non-specific test by evaluating gate-level activity in response to distinct test vector groups. Our results show that only a minority of the gates in a design contribute most of the side-channel leakage. We demonstrate this property for several designs, including a hardware AES coprocessor and a cryptographic hardware/software interface in a five-stage pipelined RISC processor. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Silicon

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Programmable RO (PRO): A multipurpose countermeasure against side-channel and fault injection attack

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Yao, Yuan Kiaei, Pantea Singh, Richa Tajik, Shahin Schaumont, Patrick The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnique Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnique Institute WorcesterMA01609 United States

Side-channel and fault injection attacks reveal secret information by monitoring or manipulating the physical effects of computations involving secret variables. Circuit-level countermeasures help to deter these attacks, and traditionally such countermeasures have been developed for each attack vector separately. We demonstrate a multipurpose ring oscillator design - Programmable Ring Oscillator (PRO) to address both fault attacks and side-channel attacks in a generic, application-independent manner. PRO, as an integrated primitive, can provide on-chip side-channel resistance, power monitoring, and fault detection capabilities to a secure design. We present a grid of PROs monitoring the on-chip power network to detect anomalies. Such power anomalies may be caused by external factors such as electromagnetic fault injection and power glitches, as well as by internal factors such as hardware Trojans. By monitoring the frequency of the ring oscillators, we are able to detect the on-chip power anomaly in time as well as in location. Moreover, we show that the PROs can also inject a random noise pattern into a design’s power consumption. By randomly switching the frequency of a ring oscillator, the resulting power-noise pattern significantly reduces the power-based side-channel leakage of a cipher. We discuss the design of PRO and present measurement results on a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA prototype, and we show that side-channel and fault vulnerabilities can be addressed at a low cost by introducing PRO to the design. We conclude that PRO can serve as an application-independent, multipurpose countermeasure. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Side channel attack

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Contemporary and Nascent Techniques for Monitoring of Oxygenation as a Vital Sign

Contemporary and Nascent Techniques for Monitoring of Oxygen...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Devdip Sen Ian Costanzo Ulkuhan Guler Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728180588

ISBN: (纸本)9781728180595

Among the vital signs of human health, respiration is a critical component of a person's well being. Physicians want to frequently and accurately measure respiration parameters such as partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, respiration rate, and peripheral blood oxygen saturation as changes in respiration parameters give some of the first signs of the onset of patient decline. Despite the recent developments in the field of medical wearable technology, remote monitoring of respiration parameters has yet to be sufficiently investigated. Conventional respiratory sensors, currently employed in the form of bulky, expensive, tethered bedside equipment, are not convenient for remote monitoring. In this paper, we discuss the medical requirements and the technical design challenges associated with creating a wearable, wireless respiratory monitoring system. We first investigate the working principle of available technologies and second explore the adaptation of techniques through different modalities of oxygenation such as partial pressure and hemoglobin saturation of oxygen via arterial blood gas, the partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen, and peripheral oxygen saturation of blood hemoglobin.

关键词： Blood Monitoring Medical services Biomedical monitoring Sensors Electrodes Skin

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Toward Perfusion Defect Preservation in Deep Learning Denoising for Reduced-Dose Cardiac SPECT

Toward Perfusion Defect Preservation in Deep Learning Denois...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Junchi Liu Yongyi Yang Miles N. Wernick P. Hendrik Pretorius Clifford Lindsay Michael A. King Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL USA Department of Radiology Division of Nuclear Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA

In cardiac SPECT perfusion imaging deep learning (DL) denoising methods have been found to be effective for noise suppression in reduced-dose studies. However, DL training could lead to potential loss of perfusion defect signals (i.e. over-smoothing) due to high imbalance between perfusion defect and non-defect regions in training images. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of improving preservation of perfusion defects by including artificial defects in training a denoising network, in which the number and variability of perfusion defects were increased in an inexpensive fashion. In the experiments we demonstrated this approach with quarter-dose data from a set of 895 clinical acquisitions. The quantitative results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly improve perfusion defect detectability on the quarter-dose data. Compared to conventional DL training, the proposed method also achieved better perfusion defect preservation, yielding higher perfusion defect detection accuracy.

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Estimating Individual and Combined Fingertip Forces From Forearm EMG During Constant-Pose, Force-Varying Tasks*

Estimating Individual and Combined Fingertip Forces From For...

引用

Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Berj Bardizbanian Jennifer Keating Xinming Huang Edward A. Clancy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728119908

ISBN: (纸本)9781728119915

Numerous applications in areas such as ergonomics assessment, clinical biomechanics and motor control research would benefit from accurately modeling the relationship between forearm EMG and fingertip force, using conventional electrodes. Herein, we describe a methodological study of relating 12 conventional surface EMGs, applied circumferentially about the forearm, to fingertip force during constant-pose, force-varying (dynamic) contractions. We studied independent contraction of one, two, three or four fingers (thumb excluded), as well as contraction of four fingers in unison. Using regression, we found that a pseudo-inverse tolerance (ratio of largest to smallest singular value) of 0.01 was optimal. Lower values produced erratic models and higher values produced models with higher errors. EMG-force errors using one finger ranged from 2.5-3.8% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), using the optimal pseudo-inverse tolerance. With additional fingers (two, three or four), the average error ranged from 5-8 %MVC. When four fingers contracted in unison, the average error was 4.3 %MVC.

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