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IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BIOCAS)

作者： Kleo Golemi Evan Apinis Isil Isiksalan Vladimir Vakhter Ulkuhan Guler Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350354959

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354966

The proper functioning of the respiratory system is evaluated by monitoring the exchange of blood oxygen and carbon dioxide. While wearable devices for monitoring both blood oxygen and carbon dioxide are emerging, wearable carbon dioxide monitors remain relatively rare. This paper introduces a novel wearable prototype that integrates the measurement of transcutaneous carbon dioxide and peripheral blood oxygen saturation on a miniaturized custom-designed printed circuit board. The device employs a fluorescent sensing film consisting of two distinct luminophore types and utilizes the time-domain dual lifetime referencing technique to enhance measurement accuracy by mitigating the effects of confounding factors. Thorough testing on human subjects validated the prototype’s functionality, comparing its performance against commercial clinical devices. The prototype effectively tracked changes in transcutaneous carbon dioxide induced by hyperventilation, with a resolution as low as 1 mmHg. Additionally, blood oxygen saturation measurements were tested on human subjects to compare our prototypes’ performance to that of clinical devices. The results confirm the potential of the proposed novel wearable for prolonged use with minimal maintenance and underscore its significance in advancing wearable health monitoring technologies.

关键词： Performance evaluation Accuracy Prototypes Carbon dioxide Sensors Biomedical monitoring Wearable devices Time-domain analysis Monitoring Blood

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Invited: Investigation of Motion Artifacts for Luminescence-Based Transcutaneous Oxygen Wearable Device

Invited: Investigation of Motion Artifacts for Luminescence-...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Olivia Kendzulak Naisargi Mehta Ryan McSweeney Parisa Saadatmand Hashemi Ulkuhan Guler Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350387179

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387186

Respiratory diseases are among the top causes of mortality globally, and their effective control frequently relies on accurate monitoring of oxygen levels. The home quarantines during the COVID-19 pandemic have underscored the need for miniaturized respiratory monitoring technologies, especially in remote patient care settings. This paper presents a study on quantifying motion artifacts in a novel, wearable, noninvasive sensor. This sensor is designed to monitor transcutaneous oxygen, a marker correlated with the partial pressure of oxygen in arteries and indicative of pulmonary disease progression. It utilizes a luminescent film whose emission properties inversely correlate with oxygen levels. This study was conducted to assess the impact of motion artifacts on the sensor's accuracy, evaluating its performance under various motion conditions through three tests: dual motion, single motion, and extended motion, involving a flexible prototype with an integrated sensor and accelerometer. The test data, with no post-signal processing, demonstrated min-imal impact on accuracy, with discrepancies not exceeding 0.8%. These findings highlight the wearable oxygen sensor's potential for reliable monitoring in dynamic environments, although future research could focus on solutions to further eliminate the minimal influence of motion artifacts identified in this study.

关键词： COVID-19 Accuracy Pulmonary diseases Prototypes Biomedical monitoring Wearable devices Monitoring

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Forearm Ultrasound Based Gesture Recognition on Edge

Forearm Ultrasound Based Gesture Recognition on Edge

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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Keshav Bimbraw Haichong K. Zhang Bashima Islam Robotics Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA Robotics Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331530143

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530150

Ultrasound imaging of the forearm has demon-strated significant potential for accurate hand gesture classification. Despite this progress, there has been limited focus on developing a stand -alone end-to-end gesture recognition system which makes it mobile, real-time and more user friendly. To bridge this gap, this paper explores the deployment of deep neural networks for forearm ultrasound-based hand gesture recognition on edge devices. Utilizing quantization techniques, we achieve substantial reductions in model size while maintaining high accuracy and low latency. Our best model, with Float16 quantization, achieves a test accuracy of 92% and an inference time of 0.31 seconds on a Raspberry Pi. These results demonstrate the feasibility of efficient, real-time gesture recognition on resource-limited edge devices, paving the way for wearable ultrasound-based systems.

关键词： Deep learning Ultrasonic imaging Accuracy Quantization (signal) Imaging Gesture recognition Real-time systems Biomedical monitoring Low latency communication Monitoring

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Optimizing Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Measurement Sites on Humans

Optimizing Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Measurement Sites o...

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IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC)

作者： Nilgun Duman Alper Y. Ozbey Isil Isiksalan Ulkuhan Guler Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331531003

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531010

This study explores the body sites for measuring transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) noninvasively using a miniaturized monitor that employs a technique known as timedomain dual lifetime referencing. Accurate measurement of CO 2 levels is crucial for patients with respiratory distress who need monitoring in both clinical and home care settings. We tested this novel monitor by calculating ratio values of luminescence light, indicative of CO 2 levels, at five d ifferent b ody locations: cheek, forearm, forehead, wrist, and fingertip, on f our subjects. We also conducted a repeatability analysis: we tested the sensor on one subject at the fingertip each day for three consecutive days. Our findings show that while all t ested s ites presented reliable data, the forehead and cheek yielded faster settling times, and the forearm, forehead, and wrist produced less variation in readings. The results highlight the significance of c hoosing e ffective sites for accurate transcutaneous CO 2 monitoring.

关键词： Wrist Forehead Accuracy Carbon dioxide Luminescence Sensors Reliability Biomedical monitoring Wearable devices Monitoring

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Programmable Switching of Fluids via Pre-Twisting

Programmable Switching of Fluids via Pre-Twisting

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IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)

作者： Yijia Wu Markus P. Nemitz Department of Robotics Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

Manipulating airflow is important for controlling pneumatically actuated soft robots, however, current switching techniques suffer from leakage under high pressure ( $> 200$ kPa) or require a complex fabrication process. We propose a new method for reliably and repeatably cutting off airflow by harnessing pre-loaded torsional forces applied to our tubing. The switching distance and hysteresis of our pre-twisted tubing are programmable by varying the tube length and the twisting angle. Our experiments demonstrate the use of pre-twisted tubing to implement CMOS equivalent fluidic switches configured as NOT-, AND-, and OR-gates, and a distance sensor for feedback control for the oscillation of a PneuNet. Our approach of pre-loading tubes with a torsional force allows for simplicity, integrated functionality, and the capability of manipulating high-pressure, fluidic signals mainly at the cost of tubing.

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Parasitic Circus: On the Feasibility of Golden-Free PCB Verification

Parasitic Circus: On the Feasibility of Golden-Free PCB Veri...

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International Symposium on Physical & Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits

作者： Maryam Saadat Safa Patrick Schaumont Shahin Tajik Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350360608

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360615

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are an integral part of electronic systems. Hence, verifying their physical integrity in the presence of supply chain attacks (e.g., tampering and counterfeiting) is of utmost importance. Recently, tamper detection techniques grounded in impedance characterization of PCB's Power Delivery Network (PDN) have gained prominence due to their global detection coverage, non-invasive, and low-cost nature. Similar to other physical verification methods, these techniques rely on the existence of a physical golden sample for signature comparisons. However, having access to a physical golden sample for golden signature extraction is not feasible in many real-world scenarios. In this work, we assess the feasibility of eliminating a physical golden sample and replacing it with a simulated golden signature obtained by the PCB design files. By performing extensive simulation and measurements on an in-house designed PCB, we demonstrate how the parasitic impedance of the PCB components plays a major role in reaching a successful verification. Based on the obtained results and using statistical metrics, we show that we can mitigate the discrepancy between collected signatures from simulation and measurements.

关键词： Measurement Integrated circuits Machine learning algorithms Impedance measurement Printed circuits Supply chains Impedance

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Adaptive Inverter Control for Resilient Grid

Adaptive Inverter Control for Resilient Grid

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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： Tan Zhang John Andrew Orr EDF Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350381832

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381849

This study extends the previous adaptive inverter control work and introduces an alternative adaptive voltage regulation control strategy that accounts the voltage regulation delays and power priority switch that could have profound positive impacts on the autonomous operations of the inverter-based resources and hence the real-time hosted grid dynamics. This work evaluates the expandability of the overall proposed adaptive inverter frequency and voltage control methodologies under an unbalanced meshed microgrid with fault-induced feeder switching and multiple contingencies in addition to random power output from renewable generators. The extensive favorable simulation results demonstrate that a phase-locked loop based "current-mode controlled" inverter with properly designed controllers can effectively enhance its hosted utility grid strength, improve power system resiliency under dynamic changing operational environments.

关键词： Islanding Adaptive systems Power system dynamics Switches Microgrids Power system stability Control systems Inverters Voltage control Transient analysis

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Parasitic Circus: On the Feasibility of Golden-free PCB Verification

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Safa, Maryam Saadat Schaumont, Patrick Tajik, Shahin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA United States

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are an integral part of electronic systems. Hence, verifying their physical integrity in the presence of supply chain attacks (e.g., tampering and counterfeiting) is of utmost importance. Recently, tamper detection techniques grounded in impedance characterization of PCB’s Power Delivery Network (PDN) have gained prominence due to their global detection coverage, non-invasive, and low-cost nature. Similar to other physical verification methods, these techniques rely on the existence of a physical golden sample for signature comparisons. However, having access to a physical golden sample for golden signature extraction is not feasible in many real-world scenarios. In this work, we assess the feasibility of eliminating a physical golden sample and replacing it with a simulated golden signature obtained by the PCB design files. By performing extensive simulation and measurements on an in-house designed PCB, we demonstrate how the parasitic impedance of the PCB components plays a major role in reaching a successful verification. Based on the obtained results and using statistical metrics, we show that we can mitigate the discrepancy between collected signatures from simulation and measurements. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Printed circuit boards

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Feasibility of Spectra-Based Quantification Algorithm for Non-Linear Photoacoustic Contrast Agents

Feasibility of Spectra-Based Quantification Algorithm for No...

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Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2023

作者： Serebrennikova, Liudmila Gao, Shang Murakami, Ryo Boinapally, Srikanth Ray, Sangeeta Pomper, Martin G. Zhang, Haichong K. Biomedical Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Robotics Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Computer Science Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ME United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510658639

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a technique that visualizes the optical absorption characteristics with ultrasound-like spatial resolution. It has been demonstrated that molecular targeted contrast agents (CAs) have great potential in applying to the early detection of tumor. These CAs attach to the tissues of the subject of interest, i.e., the cancerous cells, and emit PA signals based on the absorbed light. Precise quantification of the CA expression is desired to identify the degree of the malignancies. The current quantification of the CA expression is based on the strength of the PA intensity with the assumption of its linearity between them. However, the estimation accuracy of such a method is limited because the PA intensity is affected by many factors including the light, sound, and tissue interactions and the use of CAs that do not present linearity. Here, we investigate a robust quantification method by using the spectroscopic relationship between the dye concentration and its corresponding PA variation. We introduce a spectroscopic decomposition algorithm considering multiple reference spectra to accommodate the non-linear behavior of sample concentrations. The in vitro validation of the concept was performed using the synthesized PA CA possessing the non-linear property. The concentration of the samples was successfully estimated with the algorithm. The introduced method improved the quantification accuracy by reducing the averaging estimation error from 15.89 μM to 1.80 μM, compared with the conventional estimation. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Tissue

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Enhanced Necrosis Visualization in Liver Ablation Monitoring with Fiber Artifact Removal: A Cadaver Study

Enhanced Necrosis Visualization in Liver Ablation Monitoring...

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Medical Imaging 2025: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling

作者： Hua, Yanbo Gao, Shang Ma, Xihan Bhagavatula, Sharath K. Liu, Guigen Jonas, Oliver Zhang, Haichong K. Department of Robotics Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Department of Computer Science Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685949

Surgical resection is a common treatment for liver cancers. When tumors are unresectable, minimally invasive percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an alternative treatment option. Yet, due to challenges in monitoring ablation boundaries, RFA treatment often has a higher recurrence rate. Medical ultrasound (US) imaging is a frequently used tool to oversee various surgical and interventional procedures. However, US imaging has insufficient contrast to visualize ablation-induced necrosis in RFA procedures. This study explores the use of spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging techniques leveraging a customized diffusing fiber to enhance the visualization of ablation-induced lesions. While the diffusing fiber enables wide-area illumination, artifacts caused by nonuniform illumination originating from sidelobe interference pose a challenge. Therefore, we implemented the standard Hough Transform (SHT) method to suppress these artifacts, improving the accuracy of necrotic mapping. Using a swine cadaver model, the sPA imaging system demonstrated its capability to identify ablation-induced necrosis, with results confirmed by gross pathology. The detected ablation-induced lesion was measured at 7.81 mm by 6.31 mm in PA imaging, closely aligning with the 7.93 mm average diameter based on pathology. These findings indicate that our approach effectively suppresses artifacts and accurately identifies ablated regions underneath the skin surface. This study concludes that PA-guided ablation could be a viable tool in clinical practice to improve the precision and hence patient outcome of liver RFA procedures. © 2025 SPIE

关键词： Photoacoustic microscopy

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