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arXiv 2024年

作者： Guo, Jiaqi Lopez-Tapia, Santiago Li, Wing Shun Wu, Yunnan Carignano, Marcelo Backman, Vadim Dravid, Vinayak P. Katsaggelos, Aggelos K. The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University IL60201 United States The Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60201 United States

Computed tomography is a widely used imaging modality with applications ranging from medical imaging to material analysis. One major challenge arises from the lack of scanning information at certain angles, leading to distorted CT images with artifacts. This results in an ill-posed problem known as the Limited Angle Computed Tomography (LACT) reconstruction problem. To address this problem, we propose Residual Null-Space Diffusion Stochastic Differential Equations (RN-SDEs), which are a variant of diffusion models that characterize the diffusion process with mean-reverting (MR) stochastic differential equations. To demonstrate the generalizability of RN-SDEs, our experiments are conducted on two different LACT datasets, i.e., ChromSTEM and C4KC-KiTS. Through extensive experiments, we show that by leveraging learned Mean-Reverting SDEs as a prior and emphasizing data consistency using Range-Null Space Decomposition (RNSD) based rectification, RN-SDEs can restore high-quality images from severe degradation and achieve state-of-the-art performance in most LACT tasks. Additionally, we present a quantitative comparison of computational complexity and runtime efficiency, highlighting the superior effectiveness of our proposed approach. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Robust AI-Enabled Electronic Components Authentication and Anti -Counterfeiting 9

Robust AI-Enabled Electronic Components Authentication and A...

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9th International Conference on Science, Technology, engineering and Mathematics, ICONSTEM 2024

作者： Banu, E. Afreen Priyanka, R. Thiruramanathan, P. Senthilnathan, T. Vithya, V.T. Vinoth, K. Saveetha School of Engineering Simats Department of Computer Science Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India S.A Engineering College Department of Computer Science Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai600077 India Ramco Institute of Technology Department of Physics Tamil Nadu Rajapalayam626117 India Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Department of Applied Physics Tamil Nadu Sriperumbudur602117 India Rmk College of Engineering And Technology Department of Computer Science Engineering Tamil Nadu Puduvoyal601206 India Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&d Institute of Science And Technology Department of Electrical And Electronics Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai600062 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365092

In consumer electronics, aircraft, health care, and defense, fake electronic parts compromise system security and reliability. This study presents an AI-powered electrical component authentication and anti-counterfeiting system for efficiency and robustness. To prevent counterfeit electronic components, a multi-layered defense uses cutting-edge authentication and AI algorithms. Deep learning models for picture identification, spectroscopic analysis, and other cutting-edge component physical attribute evaluation. A decentralized blockchain platform can record the whole supply chain from producers to consumers. Smart contracts automate and enforce quality standards, eliminating many counterfeiting layers. An Integrated sensors and triggers detect physical tampering, alarm, and authenticate. Tracking and reporting component movements in real time permits quick response to suspicious activity. Stakeholders can easily validate components with AI algorithms via web or mobile apps. NFC, RFID, and QR code authentication is simple. To prevent counterfeiting, the framework specifies a stringent electrical component validation method. Advanced AI and physical and digital security measures provide comprehensive electrical component security throughout their lifespan. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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Evolution of Metallic Connection Technologies of Busbar in Silicon Solar Cells: Brief Review 15

Evolution of Metallic Connection Technologies of Busbar in S...

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15th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications, INDUSCON 2023

作者： Silveira, A.M.C. Neves, M.R.M. Garcia, R. Alvarez, H. Villalva, M.G. Marques, F.C. Kretly, L.C. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Communications Department - DECOM Campinas Brazil School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. of Systems and Energy - DSE Campinas Brazil Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin Dept. of Applied Physics - DFA Campinas Brazil Build Your Dreams Company - BYD Dept. Research and Development - R&D Campinas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350314182

This work consists of presenting a brief review of the evolution of metallic connection technologies in busbars applied to the front and rear of solar cells, thus demonstrating their fundamentals, materials and essential manufacturing processes that impact on improving the energy efficiency of solar modules. In this brief review, one can follow the technical limitations that led to the evolution of metallic connection technologies in busbars over time and their impacts on the photovoltaic market. Contributing to a broad understanding of the resistive components of solar cells that consists of the series resistance parameter. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Busbarless Effective Shadow Ribbon Busbar Serie Resistance Solar cell TLM Wire Busbar

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Thermally robust compact single Bragg grating silicon modulator for photonic computing

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applied Optics 2025年第16期64卷 4646-4653页

作者： Meng Zhang Nicholas Gangi Amir Begović Alexer Chen Bowen Liu Z Rena Huang Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180 USA

We report, to our knowledge, a novel compact, thermally operated optical modulator with 6-bit resolution. The device comprises a slow-light photonic structure, a Bragg grating with a footprint of $10\,\,{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}}$ by $50\,\,{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}}$ . This single Bragg-grating modulator (SBG-M) operates based on thermally induced band edge shift of the photonic stop band and demonstrates almost constant normalized mean square error (NMSE) lower than 0.001 from room temperature to ${40^\circ}{\rm C}$ , while maintaining thermal robustness up to ${65^\circ}{\rm C}$ limited by the Johnson noise of the on-chip photodetector. The clock frequency, computing accuracy, power consumption, thermal stability, and fabrication-induced spectrum non-ideality are thoroughly studied. The SBG-M achieves a measured lowest NMSE of $5.0 \times {10^{- 4}}$ , with an average power consumption of 5.29 mW. Compared to other optical devices such as micro-ring resonators and slow-light incorporated Mach–Zehnder modulators, the reported device demonstrates significant advantages in compactness, lower power consumption, and thermal robustness.

关键词： Optical computing Optical modulators Phase shift Quantum computation Silicon modulators Silicon photonics

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GaN/SiC Upper F-Band Single Ended Power Amplifier 2

GaN/SiC Upper F-Band Single Ended Power Amplifier

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2nd International Microwave and Antenna Symposium, IMAS 2024

作者： Cortes, German Kornegay, Kevin T. Thompson, Willie L. Kornegay, Michel Darwish, Ali Us Army Devcom C5ISR Center Esi Aberdeen Proving GroundMD United States Morgan State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BaltimoreMD United States John Hopkins University Air Missile Defense Sector Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMD United States Johns Hopkins University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BaltimoreMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356359

This article presents the design implementation, analysis and performance of a four-stage single ended power amplifier (PA) developed on a 40 nm gallium nitride on silicon carbide (GaN/SiC) technology. The circuit targets the upper F-Band, and it operates from 125 GHz to 130 GHz. At 130 GHz, the amplifier aims to have a small signal power gain Gp of 18 dB, peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 10, and to achieve a saturated output power (PSat) of 27 dBm. Based on EM simulations this is the highest power level reported on this technology at the frequency of operation to date. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Two-Dimensional Magnetic Exciton Polariton with Strongly Coupled Atomic and Photonic Anisotropies

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第26期133卷 266901-266901页

作者： Qiuyang Li Xin Xie Adam Alfrey Christiano W. Beach Nicholas McLellan Yang Lu Jiaqi Hu Wenhao Liu Nikhil Dhale Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Physics The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas 75080 USA

Anisotropy is a fundamental property of both material and photonic systems. The interplay between material and photonic anisotropies, however, has hardly been explored due to the vastly different length scales. Here we demonstrate exciton polaritons in a 2D antiferromagnet, CrSBr, coupled with an anisotropic photonic crystal cavity, where the spin, atomic, and photonic anisotropies are strongly correlated. Atomic anisotropy led to exceptionally strong coupling between anisotropic exciton and optical modes, which are stable against excitation densities a few orders of magnitude higher than polaritons in isotropic materials. The resulting polaritons feature anisotropic polarizations determined by the interplay of not only the anisotropies but also the dissipations and coupling of both exciton and photon modes, tunable by tens of degrees via many parameters. The work provides insights of excitons in CrSBr and demonstrates a prototype where atomic- and photonic-scale orders strongly couple, giving rise to unconventional properties in quantum materials and photonic devices.

关键词： Atoms

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Enhancing Acute Ischemic Stroke Diagnosis Using IoMT and Deep Learning Technologies

Enhancing Acute Ischemic Stroke Diagnosis Using IoMT and Dee...

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2024 International Telecommunications Conference, ITC-Egypt 2024

作者： El-Sheikh, Mohamed M. Bayoumy, Aya Ahmed, Nada M. Mohamed Eldeeb, Amany Rabea, Fatma I. Nawar, Amira A. Khattap, Mohamed G. Galal Eldeen Mohamed Ali Hassan, Hend Mostafa, Mariam Ibrahim, Nayra Ramadan, Reem Refaat, Yomna Khaled, Mennatallah Maher, Ali Abd Elaziz, Mohamed Gamal Abdellatif Ibrahim, Ahmed Radiology and Medical Imaging Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Galala University Suez435611 Egypt Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Suez435611 Egypt Artificial Intelligence Science Program Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Suez435611 Egypt Air Defense College Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Alexandria Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351408

This paper introduces an alternative technique for diagnosing Acute Ischemic Stroke within the IoMT environment. In the proposed approach, the collected data is transmitted to a cloud-based center where the technique utilizes EfficientNet, a deep learning model, designed to extract features from MRI images thereby enhancing the detection of acute ischemic infarctions. The performance of EfficientNet is compared against two other models, CNN and MobileNet, demonstrating its superior efficacy through metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, which stand at 92.31%, 92.28%, 92.33%, and 92.30%, respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Control of Chirality and Directionality of Nonlinear Metasurface Light Source via Moiré engineering

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第4期134卷 043801-043801页

作者： Huanyu Zhou Xueqi Ni Beicheng Lou Shanhui Fan Yuan Cao Haoning Tang Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA

Metasurfaces have revolutionized nonlinear and quantum light manipulation in the past decade, enabling the design of materials that can tune polarization, frequency, and direction of light simultaneously. However, tuning of metasurfaces is traditionally achieved by changing their microscopic structure, which does not allow in situ tuning and dynamic optimization of the metasurfaces. In this Letter, we explore the concept of twisted bilayer and tetralayer nonlinear metasurfaces, which offer rich tunability in its effective nonlinear susceptibilities. Using gold-based metasurfaces, we demonstrate that a number of different singularities of nonlinear susceptibilities can exist in the parameter space of twist angle and interlayer gap between different twisted layers. At the singularities, reflected or transmitted light from the nonlinear process (such as second-harmonic generation) can either become circularly polarized (for C points), or entirely vanish (for V points). By further breaking symmetries of the system, we can independently tune all aspects of the reflected and transmitted nonlinear emission, achieving unidirectional emission with full-Poincaré polarization tunability, a dark state (V−V point), or any other bidirectional output. Our work paves the way for multidimensional control of polarization and directionality in nonlinear light sources, opening new avenues in ultrafast optics, optical communication, sensing, and quantum optics.

关键词： Quantum optics

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Image Reconstruction for Proton Therapy Range Verification via U-NETs 28th

Image Reconstruction for Proton Therapy Range Verification ...

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28th Annual Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, MIUA 2024

作者： Setterdahl, Lena M. Lionheart, William R. B. Holman, Sean Skjerdal, Kyrre Ratliff, Hunter N. Ytre-Hauge, Kristian Smeland Lathouwers, Danny Meric, Ilker Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway Department of Mathematics University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Department of Radiation Science and Technology Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783031669545

This study aims to investigate the capability of U-Nets in improving image reconstruction accuracy for proton range verification within the framework of the NOVO (Next generation imaging for real-time dose verification enabling adaptive proton therapy) project. NOVO aims to enhance the accuracy of proton range verification by imaging the distribution of prompt gamma-rays (PGs) and fast neutrons (FNs) produced by nuclear interactions within tissue. In this work, focus lies on FNs, leaving PGs as future work. A dataset consisting of Monte Carlo-based simple back-projection and ground truth images of FN production distributions in a homogeneous water phantom was utilized. Various U-Net models were trained to predict FN distributions, and a set of range landmark (RL) metrics were computed for evaluation. Linear regression models were established to correlate shifts in mean RL with true range shift magnitudes. Our findings demonstrate a strong linear correlation between the shifts in mean RL in U-Net predictions and the true range shift magnitudes. Multiple RL metrics, including weighted average, inflection point, edge, and peak, were explored. This study highlights the potential utility of U-Nets in enhancing image reconstruction accuracy for proton range verification. The observed correlations between RL shifts and true range shifts provide evidence of the ability of U-Nets to accurately predict images containing range information. Future research will focus on generating more realistic training data incorporating more clinically relevant phantoms, including tissue heterogeneities. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Tissue

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Enhancing the Swanepoel method: precise envelope detection of thin-film transmission spectra

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Optics Express 2025年第6期33卷 13376-13400页

作者： Ballester, Manuel Marquez, Almudena P. Lopez-Tapia, Santiago Fernandez, Susana Bass, John Minkov, Dorian Wuersch, Christoph Willomitzer, Florian Marquez, Emilio Katsaggelos, Aggelos K. Computer Science Department Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science University of Cadiz Puerto Real11510 Spain Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States CIEMAT Avenida Complutense 40 Madrid28040 Spain Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Sofia1000 Bulgaria Institute for Computational Engineering ICE OST Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences Switzerland Department of Condensed-matter Physics Faculty of Science University of Cadiz Puerto Real11510 Spain

The Swanepoel method is a widely used optical technique for characterizing thin films through normal-incidence transmission measurements. A critical step in this approach involves extracting the upper and lower envelopes of the measured oscillatory spectrum. By analyzing the transmission spectrum and its corresponding envelopes, the Swanepoel procedure enables precise determination of the film refractive index and extinction coefficient. However, even minor inaccuracies in envelope construction can propagate significant errors into the final characterization results. To address this challenge, we present what we believe to be a novel physics-informed optimization algorithm for envelope detection. Our mathematical model reformulates the envelope detection problem as a global optimization task that enforces the physical properties of the Swanepoel envelopes. Extensive validation on fifty randomly generated transmission spectra demonstrates unprecedented accuracy: the method achieves root-mean-square errors (RMSE) below 0.10% for the upper envelope and 0.06% for the lower envelope (more than doubling the accuracy of current state-of-the-art approaches). Furthermore, the proposed model has been assessed with two experimental transmission spectra, demonstrating its robustness and accuracy with real noisy data. We have developed an open-source Python software package (see text below). This software includes not only our innovative envelope construction algorithm but also additional envelope drawing algorithms for comparison and an efficient implementation of the Swanepoel method, enabling complete optical characterization of thin films. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Mean square error

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