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Field Robotics 2025年 4卷 138-181页

作者： Victoria L. Preston Genevieve E. Flaspohler John W. Fisher Anna P. M. Michel Nicholas Roy Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program Cambridge MA 02139 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program Cambridge MA 02139 Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543

Mobile robots are increasingly used to collect valuable in situ samples during scientific expeditions. However, many phenomena of scientific interest—deep-sea hydrothermal plumes, algal blooms, warm-core eddies, and lava flows—are spatiotemporal distributions that evolve on spatial and temporal scales that complicate sample collection. Here, we consider the problem of charting the space-time dynamics of deep-sea hydrothermal plumes with the state-of-the-art autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry. In the hydrothermal plume charting problem, the plume state is driven by complicated and unobserved dynamics in the deep sea. To effectively sample the moving plume, an autonomy system must infer plume dynamics from sparse, point observations, while respecting operational constraints of AUV Sentry that restrict the set of possible trajectories to nonadaptive, uniform-coverage patterns. We frame the plume charting problem as a sequential decision-making problem and formulate a mission planner PHORTEX (PHysically-informed Operational Robotic Trajectories for Expeditions) that strategically designs full mission trajectories for Sentry, where each mission plan is informed by the observations of the last. PHORTEX is composed of a trajectory optimizer, which maximizes expected samples collected within a moving plume, and PHUMES (PHysically-informed Uncertainty Models for Environment Spatiotemporality), a modeling framework that leverages an embedded simulator of idealized plume physics as an inductive bias to enable dynamics learning from extreme partial observations and a few Sentry deployments. In both simulation and in field trials at a hydrothermal site in the Gulf of California, we demonstrate that Sentry using PHORTEX learns to track a moving hydrothermal plume and gather samples that significantly improve upon baseline spatial and temporal diversity for use in downstream science tasks.

关键词： Trajectory Sensors Oceans Vehicle dynamics Robot sensing systems Adaptation models Spatiotemporal phenomena Decision making Marine robots Environmental monitoring Mobile robots

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Super-Mossian Dielectrics for Nanophotonics

Super-Mossian Dielectrics for Nanophotonics

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Xielin Wang Chloe F. Doiron Zhichao Li Jacob B. Khurgin Gururaj V. Naik Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX

Searching for high-index dielectrics, we identify materials that break the index upper bound set by Moss’ rule. We highlight the promise of such super-Mossian materials by demonstrating nanophotonic devices made of F... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Nanophotonics Optical constants Optical materials Refractive index Whispering gallery modes

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Active twistoptics: on-chip multidimensional dynamic control for data hypercube reconstruction

Active twistoptics: on-chip multidimensional dynamic control...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Tang, Haoning Lou, Beicheng Du, Fan Gao, Guangqi Zhang, Mingjie Ni, Xueqi Yacoby, Amir Cao, Yuan Fan, Shanhui Mazur, Eric School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States National Institute for Materials Science Namiki 1-1 Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Applied Physics Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

Our MEMS-integrated twistoptics device enables precise control of interlayer gaps and twist angles in photonic crystals, achieving high-accuracy, multidimensional light manipulation with significant potential in recon... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Nanophotonics

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MEMS-based twisted bilayer flat optics for multidimensional optical modulation and hyperimaging

MEMS-based twisted bilayer flat optics for multidimensional ...

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2024 Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2024

Our MEMS-based twistoptics device enables precise control of interlayer gaps and twist angles in photonic crystals, achieving high-accuracy, multidimensional light manipulation with significant potential in reconfigur... 详细信息

关键词： Nanophotonics

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The Role of Calcium in Non-Invasively Imaging Breast Cancer: An Overview of Current and Modern Imaging Techniques

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Critical Reviews in Biomedical engineering 2023年第5期51卷 43-62页

作者： Simmons, Lyndsay Feng, Lisa Fatemi-Ardekani, Ali Noseworthy, Michael D. Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Mohawk College Institute for Applied Health Sciences HamiltonON Canada Imaging Research Centre St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton 50 Charlton Ave. E HamiltonON Canada Medical Physics Merit Health Southeast Cancer Network Canada Department of Physics Jackson State University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McMaster University 280 Main Street W. HamiltonON Canada School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Department of Radiology McMaster University 1280 Main St. W HamiltonON Canada

The landscape of breast cancer diagnostics has significantly evolved over the past decade. With these changes, it is possible to provide a comprehensive assessment of both benign and malignant breast calcifications. The biochemistry of breast cancer and calcifications are thoroughly examined to describe the potential to characterize better different calcium salts composed of calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, or calcium hydroxyapatite and their associated prognostic implications. Conventional mammographic imaging techniques are compared to available ones, including breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced mammography. Additional methods in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed. The concept of using magnetic resonance imaging particularly magnetic susceptibility to characterize the biochemical characteristics of calcifications is described. As we know magnetic resonance imaging is safe and there is no ionization radiation. Experimental findings through magnetic resonance susceptibility imaging techniques are discussed to illustrate the potential for integrating this technique to provide a quantitative assessment of magnetic susceptibility. Under the right magnetic resonance imaging conditions, a distinct phase variability was isolated amongst different types of calcium salts. © 2023 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Magnetic susceptibility

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An on-chip platform for multi-degree-of-freedom control of two-dimensional quantum and nonlinear materials

An on-chip platform for multi-degree-of-freedom control of t...

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CLEO: Science and Innovations in CLEO 2024, CLEO: S and I 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Tang, Haoning Wang, Yiting Ni, Xueqi Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Fan, Shanhui Mazur, Eric Yacoby, Amir Cao, Yuan School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States National Institute for Materials Science Namiki 1-1 Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Applied Physics Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

We introduce the first on-chip, microelectromechanical system for the in situ tuning of twisted 2D materials, enabling tunable interfacial properties, synthetic topological singularities, and adjustable-polarization light sources for advanced quantum material manipulation in 2D-3D devices. © Optica Publishing Group 2024

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Discovering High Utility Episodes in Sequences

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2023年第3期4卷 473-486页

作者： Gan, Wensheng Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei Chao, Han-Chieh Yu, Philip S. Jinan University College of Cyber Security Guangzhou510632 China Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510330 China Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Department of Computing Mathematics and Physics Bergen5063 Norway National Dong Hwa University Department of Electrical Engineering Hualien974 Taiwan University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Computer Science ChicagoIL60607 United States

Sequence data are more commonly seen than other types of data (e.g., transaction data) in real-world applications. For the mining task from sequence data, several problems have been formulated, such as sequential pattern mining, episode mining, and sequential rule mining. As one of the fundamental problems, episode mining has often been studied. The common wisdom is that discovering frequent episodes is not useful enough. In this article, we propose an efficient utility mining approach, namely, UMEpi: utility mining of high-utility episodes from complex event sequences. We propose the concept of remaining utility of episodes and achieve a tighter upper bound, namely, episode-weighted utilization (EWU), which will provide better pruning. Thus, the optimized EWU-based pruning strategies can achieve better improvements in mining efficiency. The search space of UMEpi w.r.t. a prefix-based lexicographic sequence tree is spanned and determined recursively for mining high-utility episodes, by prefix-spanning in a depth-first way. Finally, extensive experiments on four real-life datasets demonstrate that UMEpi can discover the complete high-utility episodes from complex event sequences. Furthermore, the improved variants of UMEpi significantly outperform the baseline in terms of execution time, memory consumption, and scalability. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Active twistoptics: on-chip multidimensional dynamic control for data hypercube reconstruction

Active twistoptics: on-chip multidimensional dynamic control...

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CLEO: Science and Innovations in CLEO 2024, CLEO: S and I 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

关键词： Nanophotonics

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An on-chip platform for multi-degree-of-freedom control of two-dimensional quantum and nonlinear materials

An on-chip platform for multi-degree-of-freedom control of t...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Ferroelectric transistors based on shear-transformation-mediated rhombohedral-stacked molybdenum disulfide

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Nature Electronics 2024年第1期7卷 29-38页

作者： Yang, Tilo H. Liang, Bor-Wei Hu, Hsiang-Chi Chen, Fu-Xiang Ho, Sheng-Zhu Chang, Wen-Hao Yang, Liu Lo, Han-Chieh Kuo, Tzu-Hao Chen, Jyun-Hong Lin, Po-Yen Simbulan, Kristan Bryan Luo, Zhao-Feng Chang, Alice Chinghsuan Kuo, Yi-Hao Ku, Yu-Seng Chen, Yi-Cheng Huang, You-Jia Chang, Yu-Chen Chiang, Yu-Fan Lu, Ting-Hua Lee, Min-Hung Li, Kai-Shin Wu, Menghao Chen, Yi-Chun Lin, Chun-Liang Lan, Yann-Wen Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Santo Tomas Manila Philippines Program for Semiconductor Devices Materials and Hetero-integration Graduate School of Advanced Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

To develop low-power, non-volatile computing-in-memory device using ferroelectric transistor technologies, ferroelectric channel materials with scaled thicknesses are required. Two-dimensional semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), equipped with sliding ferroelectricity could provide an answer. However, achieving switchable electric polarization in epitaxial MoS2 remains challenging due to the absence of mobile domain boundaries. Here we show that polarity-switchable epitaxial rhombohedral-stacked (3R) MoS2 can be used as a ferroelectric channel in ferroelectric memory transistors. We show that a shear transformation can spontaneously occur in 3R MoS2 epilayers, producing heterostructures with stable ferroelectric domains embedded in a highly dislocated and unstable non-ferroelectric matrix. This diffusionless phase transformation process produces mobile screw dislocations that enable collective polarity control of 3R MoS2 via an electric field. Polarization–electric-field measurements reveal a switching field of 0.036 V nm−1 for shear-transformed 3R MoS2. Our sliding ferroelectric transistors are non-volatile memory units with thicknesses of only two atomic layers and exhibit an average memory window of 7 V with an applied voltage of 10 V, retention times greater than 104 seconds and endurance greater than 104 cycles. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

关键词： Molybdenum disulfide

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