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arXiv 2024年

作者： Friedbaum, Jesse Adiga, Sudarshan Tandon, Ravi Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States

Counterfactuals, or modified inputs that lead to a different outcome, are an important tool for understanding the logic used by machine learning classifiers and how to change an undesirable classification. Even if a counterfactual changes a classifier’s decision, however, it may not affect the true underlying class probabilities, i.e. the counterfactual may act like an adversarial attack and "fool" the classifier. We propose a new framework for creating modified inputs that change the true underlying probabilities in a beneficial way which we call Trustworthy Actionable Perturbations (TAP). This includes a novel verification procedure to ensure that TAP change the true class probabilities instead of acting adversarially. Our framework also includes new cost, reward, and goal definitions that are better suited to effectuating change in the real world. We present PAClearnability results for our verification procedure and theoretically analyze our new method for measuring reward. We also develop a methodology for creating TAP and compare our results to those achieved by previous counterfactual methods. © 2024, CC BY.

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Temperature-insensitive 2 mL Optical Reference Cavity with a Microfabricated Mirror

Temperature-insensitive 2 mL Optical Reference Cavity with a...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： McLemore, Charles A. Jin, Naijun Kelleher, Megan L. Mason, David Luo, Yizhi Lee, Dahyeon Rakich, Peter Diddams, Scott A. Quinlan, Franklyn Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO80305 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States

We present a 466,000 finesse, 2 mL optical reference cavity for a strontium lattice optical clock, featuring a microfabricated curved mirror, first-order insensitivity to temperature fluctuations, and low phase noise ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Mirrors

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Exploring CST Simulation Techniques for TEM Mode and Unit Cell Analysis to Determine Refractive Index 12

Exploring CST Simulation Techniques for TEM Mode and Unit Ce...

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12th International electrical engineering Congress, iEECON 2024

作者： Malathong, Kritthanit Konpang, Jessada Kongjareansuk, Sayree Akkaraekthalin, Prayoot Chudpooti, Nonchanutt Thitimahatthanakusol, Phatsakul Rajamangala University Of Technology Krungthep Faculty Of Engineering Department Of Electrical And Telecommunication Engineering 2 Nanglingee Rd. Sathorn Thungmahamek Bangkok10120 Thailand Rajamangala University Of Technology Krungthep Faculty Of Engineering Department Of Electrical And Telecommunication Engineering Bangkok Sathorn10120 Thailand King Mongkut's University Of Technology North Bangkok Faculty Of Engineering Department Of Electrical And Computer Engineering 1518 Pracharat 1 Road Bangsue Bangkok10800 Thailand King Mongkut's University Of Technology North Bangkok Faculty Of Applied Science Department Of Industrial Physics And Medical Instrumentation Bangkok10800 Thailand Rajamangala University Of Technology Isan Faculty Of Engineering And Technology Department Of Telecommunication Engineering 744 Sura Narai Rd Nai-muang Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima Nakorn Ratchasima30000 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383591

The study investigates the accuracy of CST simulations in TEM mode and unit cell simulations for determining the refractive index (n) of materials. The results in TEM mode align with the expected properties of air, affirming the correctness of settings. However, when using unit cell simulations, the materials properties template inaccurately calculates n values, deviating from reality. Further examination reveals that unit cell simulations emit waves of different modes (TE, TM, or CP) instead of TEM, leading to inconsistencies. A revised equation is introduced to address this discrepancy, yielding results closer to actual n values. The importance of parameters like D and m is emphasized, as variations significantly impact the n values obtained. The introduced equation provides more accurate n cal-culations in unit cell simulations than the default CST template. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Refractive index

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Quantum Dichotomies and Coherent Thermodynamics beyond First-Order Asymptotics

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PRX Quantum 2024年第2期5卷 020335-020335页

作者： Patryk Lipka-Bartosik Christopher T. Chubb Joseph M. Renes Marco Tomamichel Kamil Korzekwa Department of Applied Physics University of Geneva Geneva 1211 Switzerland Institute for Theoretical Physics ETH Zurich Zürich 8093 Switzerland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Republic of Singapore Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków 30-348 Poland

We address the problem of exact and approximate transformation of quantum dichotomies in the asymptotic regime, i.e., the existence of a quantum channel E mapping ρ1⊗n into ρ2⊗Rnn with an error ϵn (measured by trace distance) and σ1⊗n into σ2⊗Rnn exactly, for a large number n. We derive second-order asymptotic expressions for the optimal transformation rate Rn in the small-, moderate-, and large-deviation error regimes, as well as the zero-error regime, for an arbitrary pair (ρ1,σ1) of initial states and a commuting pair (ρ2,σ2) of final states. We also prove that for σ1 and σ2 given by thermal Gibbs states, the derived optimal transformation rates in the first three regimes can be attained by thermal operations. This allows us, for the first time, to study the second-order asymptotics of thermodynamic state interconversion with fully general initial states that may have coherence between different energy eigenspaces. Thus, we discuss the optimal performance of thermodynamic protocols with coherent inputs and describe three novel resonance phenomena allowing one to significantly reduce transformation errors induced by finite-size effects. What is more, our result on quantum dichotomies can also be used to obtain, up to second-order asymptotic terms, optimal conversion rates between pure bipartite entangled states under local operations and classical communication.

关键词： Information thermodynamics Mathematical physics Nonequilibrium & irreversible thermodynamics Quantum coherence & coherence measures Quantum information processing Quantum information theory Quantum thermodynamics Thermodynamics Statistical methods

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Silicon Photonics Foundry Fabricated, Slow-Light Enhanced, Low Power Thermal Phase Shifter

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Alexander Zhang, Meng Crowley, Daniel Gangi, Nicholas Begović, Amir Huang, Zhaoran Rena Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY United States Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY United States

In this research, we developed a low-power silicon photonics foundry-fabricated slow-light thermal phase shifter (SLTPS) where the slow-light (SL) effect is achieved using an integrated Bragg grating (BG) waveguide. Heating the grating induces a red shift in the transmission spectrum, leading to an increased group index ng during operation, which facilitates a further reduction in the voltage needed for a π phase shift, i.e. Vπ. Additionally, we investigated a compact Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) that incorporates the SLTPS in both arms with a phase shifter length of 50 µm. A detailed theoretical analysis was conducted to address the non-idealities of the SL-MZI due to uneven optical power splitting and unbalanced loss in the two MZI arms. The Vπ and power consumption for a π phase shift (Pπ) of the SL-MZI were quantified for operation in the slow light regime, demonstrating a Vπ of 1.1 V and a Pπ of 3.63 mW at an operational wavelength near the photonic band edge. The figure of merit (FOM) Pπ × τ is commonly used to assess the performance of thermal optical switches. The SL-MZI in this work has achieved a low Pπ ×τ of 5.1 mW µs. Insertion loss of the SL-MZI ranges from 1.3 dB to 4.4 dB depending on the operation wavelength, indicating a trade-off with the Vπ reduction. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Slow light

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Polarization Multi-Image Synthesis with Birefringent Metasurfaces

Polarization Multi-Image Synthesis with Birefringent Metasur...

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IEEE International Conference on Computational Photography (ICCP)

作者： Dean Hazineh Soon Wei Daniel Lim Qi Guo Federico Capasso Todd Zickler Department of Applied Physics Harvard University Boston MA Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Harvard University Boston MA

Optical metasurfaces composed of precisely engineered nanostructures have gained significant attention for their ability to manipulate light and implement distinct functionalities based on the properties of the incident field. Computational imaging systems have started harnessing this capability to produce sets of coded measurements that benefit certain tasks when paired with digital post-processing. Inspired by these works, we introduce a new system that uses a birefringent metasurface with a polarizer-mosaicked photosensor to capture four optically-coded measurements in a single exposure. We apply this system to the task of incoherent opto-electronic filtering, where digital spatial-filtering operations are replaced by simpler, per-pixel sums across the four polarization channels, independent of the spatial filter size. In contrast to previous work on incoherent opto-electronic filtering that can realize only one spatial filter, our approach can realize a continuous family of filters from a single capture, with filters being selected from the family by adjusting the post-capture digital summation weights. To find a metasurface that can realize a set of user-specified spatial filters, we introduce a form of gradient descent with a novel regularizer that encourages light efficiency and a high signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate several examples in simulation and with fabricated prototypes, including some with spatial filters that have prescribed variations with respect to depth and wavelength.

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Fuzzy Logic-Based Control of a Battery Energy Storage System to Mitigate Frequency Excursions in the Cuban Power System Caused by Electric Arc Furnaces

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Domínguez, Julio Espinosa Serban, Ioan Breffe, Orlys Ernesto Torres Transilvania University of Brasov Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Eroilor 29 Brasov500036 Romania Technological University of Havana Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Street 114 # 11901 e/ Ciclovía and Rotonda Havana19390 Cuba

This paper proposes an adaptive control for a battery energy storage system (BESS) using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), specially designed to operate in parallel with an electric arc furnace (EAF) in the Cuban power system. The BESS control system was developed with considerations for the characteristics of the Cuban power system, the typical power demand profile of the EAF, and the lifetime of batteries. The primary goal is to mitigate the frequency excursions that currently occur during EAF operation, enabling the furnace to complete the smelting process without restrictions. Furthermore, the system aims to reduce battery overloading, thereby enhancing their lifetime. For this purpose, the BESS active power is managed by an adaptive compensator, governed by the FLC. Based on information coming from all the three components involved - power system frequency, furnace state and battery usage rate, the proposed FLC generates an optimum output to adjust the BESS behaviour. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated through simulations and experimental tests. The results demonstrate that using adaptive control applied to BESS can be an effective solution for steel plants connected to weakly-regulated power systems, such as the current Cuban power system. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fuzzy logic

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Combining HHG with an RF Frequency Comb Generator for High Frequency (>60 GHz), Element-Specific Spectroscopy

Combining HHG with an RF Frequency Comb Generator for High F...

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2024 Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2024

作者： Tanksalvala, Michael Kos, Anthony Wisser, Jacob Diddams, Scott Nembach, Hans T. Shaw, Justin M. Applied Physics Division National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO80305 United States Time & Frequency Division National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO80305 United States Electrical Computer & Energy Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

We have developed a tabletop-scale instrument to perform element-specific spectroscopic studies, such as x-ray detected ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, at high frequencies (>60 GHz) by combining an RF frequen... 详细信息

关键词： Ferromagnetic resonance

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programmable quantum emitter formation in silicon

Programmable quantum emitter formation in silicon

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CLEO: Fundamental Science, CLEO:FS 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Jhuria, Kaushalya Ivanov, Vsevolod Polley, Debanjan Liu, Wei Persaud, Arun Zhiyenbayev, Yertay Redjem, Walid Qarony, Wayesh Parajuli, Prabin Ji, Qing Gonsalves, Anthony Bokor, Jeffery Tan, Liang Kanté, Boubacar Schenkel, Thomas Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics and Nanotechnology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu Chennai India Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Here, we demonstrate local writing and erasing of selected light-emitting defects using fs laser pulses in combination with hydrogen-based defect activation and passivation which also lead to rediscovering a potential... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Photons

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Visible Light Generation in Integrated Photonics

Visible Light Generation in Integrated Photonics

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2022 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2022

作者： Chang, Lin Li, Mingxiao Vahala, Kerry Lin, Qiang Bowers, John E. Peking University School of Electronics Beijing100871 China Ucsb and University of Rochester Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rochester United States T.J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States University of Rochester Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RochesterNY14627 United States Ucsb Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CA93106 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665434874

ISBN: (纸本)9781665434874

Integrated photonics has gained great success in generating highly coherent light at telecom wavelength. However, building such source on-chip at visible is far more challenging. In this talk, we will present some recent progress for coherent visible light generation using integrated photonics, including the demonstration of ultra-low loss Si3N4 platform at blue and violet wavelengths, as well as the Pockels laser that convert laser light from telecom to visible. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Harmonic generation

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