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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Friedbaum, Jesse Adiga, Sudarshan Tandon, Ravi Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States

Counterfactuals, or modified inputs that lead to a different outcome, are an important tool for understanding the logic used by machine learning classifiers and how to change an undesirable classification. Even if a counterfactual changes a classifier's decision, however, it may not affect the true underlying class probabilities, i.e. the counterfactual may act like an adversarial attack and "fool" the classifier. We propose a new framework for creating modified inputs that change the true underlying probabilities in a beneficial way which we call Trustworthy Actionable Perturbations (TAP). This includes a novel verification procedure to ensure that TAP change the true class probabilities instead of acting adversarially. Our framework also includes new cost, reward, and goal definitions that are better suited to effectuating change in the real world. We present PAC-learnability results for our verification procedure and theoretically analyze our new method for measuring reward. We also develop a methodology for creating TAP and compare our results to those achieved by previous counterfactual methods. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Metasurfaces for next-generation wireless communication systems

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 17-19页

作者： Younes Ra'di Nikita Nefedkin Petar Popovski Andrea Alù Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York

The pace of development in the world of 5G communication systems has proven to be much more demanding than previous generations, with 5G-Advanced seemingly around the corner [1]. Extensive research is already underway to structure the next generation of wireless systems(i.e. 6G), which may potentially enable an unprecedented level of human–machine interaction [2].

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Guided Mode Evolution and Ionization Injection in Meter-Scale Multi-GeV Laser Wakefield Accelerators

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第4期133卷 045002-045002页

作者： J. E. Shrock E. Rockafellow B. Miao M. Le R. C. Hollinger S. Wang A. J. Gonsalves A. Picksley J. J. Rocca H. M. Milchberg Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Department of Physics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics

We show that multi-GeV laser wakefield electron accelerators in meter-scale, low density hydrodynamic plasma waveguides operate in a new nonlinear propagation regime dominated by sustained beating of lowest order modes of the ponderomotively modified channel; this occurs whether or not the injected pulse is linearly matched to the guide. For a continuously doped gas jet, this emergent mode beating effect leads to axially modulated enhancement of ionization injection and a multi-GeV energy spectrum of multiple quasimonoenergetic peaks; the same process in a locally doped jet produces single multi-GeV peaks with <10% energy spread. A three-stage model of drive laser pulse evolution and ionization injection characterizes the beating effect and explains our experimental results.

关键词： Electron beams & optics Laser driven electron acceleration Laser wakefield acceleration Laser-plasma interactions Light-matter interaction Nonlinear optics Plasma acceleration & new acceleration techniques Plasma optics

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Single-bit full adder and logic gate based on synthetic antiferromagnetic bilayer skyrmions

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Rare Metals 2022年第7期41卷 2249-2258页

作者： Kai Yu Mak Jing Xia Xi-Chao Zhang Li Li Mouad Fattouhi Motohiko Ezawa Xiao-Xi Liu Yan Zhou School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518172China College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shinshu UniversityNagano 380-8553Japan Department of Applied Physics University of SalamancaSalamanca 37008Spain Department of Applied Physics University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

Skyrmion-based devices are promising candi-dates for non-volatile memory and low-delay time *** skyrmion-based devices execute operation by controlling skyrmion trajectory,which can be impeded by the skyrmion Hall ***,the design of skyrmion-based arithmetic devices built on synthetic antiferromag-netic(SyAF)structures is presented,where the structure can greatly suppress skyrmion Hall *** this study,the operations of skyrmion-based half adder,full adder,and XOR logic gate are executed by introducing geometric notches and tilted edges,which can annihilate or diverge *** of these skyrmion-based devices is evaluated,where the delay time and energy-delay product of the single-bit full adder are 1.95 ns and 2.50×10^(-22)Js,which are only 12%and 79%those of the previously proposed skyrmion-based single-bit full *** improvement is significant in the construction of ripple-carry adder and ripple-carry ***,our skyrmion-based SyAF arithmetic device is a promising candidate to develop high-speed spintronic devices.

关键词： Skyrmion Full adder Synthetic antiferromagnet Lowdelaytime electronics Micromagnets

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Implications of the electron-phonon coupling in CuPb9(PO4)6O for superconductivity: An ab initio study

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Physical Review Materials 2024年第1期8卷 L011801-L011801页

作者： Hari Paudyal Michael E. Flatté Durga Paudyal Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa 52242 USA Ames National Laboratory of the US DOE Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5612 AZ The Netherlands Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA

We report ab initio calculations of the electronic and vibrational properties in CuPb9(PO4)6O, including the electron-phonon coupling strength via strong-coupling Migdal-Eliashberg theory. We verify the presence of appealing flat electronic bands near the Fermi level, a strong hybridization between the Cu 3d and O 2p states, and soft low-energy phonons, which can suggest high-temperature superconducting behavior. However, the electron-phonon coupling strength appears insufficient to overcome the Coulomb repulsion between an electron pair and thus does not support high-temperature superconductivity in CuPb9(PO4)6O via the conventional electron-phonon Migdal-Eliashberg mechanism. Even neglecting Coulomb repulsion of the electron pair we find this electron-phonon coupling suggests a superconducting transition temperature of less than 2 K.

关键词： Electron-phonon coupling Electronic structure Phonons Superconductivity Density functional theory Eliashberg theory

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Low-temperature spin Seebeck effect in nonmagnetic vanadium dioxide

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Physical Review B 2024年第2期110卷 024415-024415页

作者： Renjie Luo Tanner J. Legvold Liyang Chen Henry Navarro Ali C. Basaran Deshun Hong Changjiang Liu Anand Bhattacharya Ivan K. Schuller Douglas Natelson Department of Physics and Astronomy Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice Quantum Institute Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience Materials Science Division Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is sensitive to thermally driven magnetic excitations in magnetic insulators. Vanadium dioxide in its insulating low-temperature phase is expected to lack magnetic degrees of freedom, as vanadium atoms are thought to form singlets upon dimerization of the vanadium chains. Instead, we find a paramagnetic SSE response in VO2 films that grows as the temperature decreases below 50 K. The field and temperature-dependent SSE voltage is qualitatively consistent with a general model of paramagnetic SSE response and inconsistent with triplet spin transport. Quantitative estimates find a spin Seebeck coefficient comparable in magnitude to that observed in strongly magnetic materials. The microscopic nature of the magnetic excitations in VO2 requires further examination.

关键词： Spin Seebeck effect Paramagnets Strongly correlated systems

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First thrust measurements in ionic multi-propeller rotational engines

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Propulsion and Power Research 2023年第1期12卷 44-58页

作者： Adrian Ieta Marius Chirita Electrical and Computer Engineering Department SUNY OswegoOswegoNY 13126-3599USA Applied Physics/Condensed Matter Department National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed MatterTimisoaraRO-300224Romania

Rotary ionic engines(RIEs)with multi-coaxial contra-rotating propellers(12.6 cm diameter)and their axial thrust are investigated in laboratory conditions,in air at atmospheric pressure,for the first *** goal is to evaluate more advantageous configurations that may be scaled up and further help with development of rotary ionic *** propellers are designed with regular pin-emitter electrodes placed coaxially inside a cylindrical collector *** high voltage is applied,propellers spin generating conventional axial thrust which is measured with an electronic scale in a“see-saw”*** to 40 mN thrust was obtained in single propeller RIE at 2600 rpm,0.34 mA,37.5 kV,and an optimal collector electrode diameter of 17 *** thrust can be obtained with two and three propellers at constant current per propeller but at a decreased *** the axial propeller-separation showed that propeller-interaction is minimal above 5 ***-to-power and thrust-tocurrent ratios were calculated and *** experimentally confirm here for the first time that within certain limits,the thrust-to-power variation can be assessed by the propeller kinetic energy-to-power ratio and also by the impedance of the gap(voltage-to-current ratio).A comparison of RIE arrays performance with one,two,and three coaxial propellers and the same total number of propellers per array(six)is also *** arrays with multi-coaxial propellers can provide larger thrust densities than single-propeller ***,arrays employing two coaxial propeller unit may be more weight effective.

关键词： Ionic wind EHD pump Electrohydrodynamics Corona discharge Thrust-to-power Propeller Ion propulsion Plasma thrusters Electroaerodynamic thrusters Ionocraft

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physics-guided hierarchical Neural Networks for Maxwell's equations in metamaterials

Physics-guided hierarchical Neural Networks for Maxwell's eq...

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CLEO: Fundamental Science, CLEO:FS 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Lynch, Sean LaMountain, Jacob Fan, Bo Bu, Jie Raju, Amogh Wasserman, Daniel Karpatne, Anuj Podolskiy, Viktor Department of Physics and Applied Physics University of Massachusetts LowellMA01854 United States Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech U VA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas AustinTX78758 United States

We develop a hierarchical approach to building a physics-guided neural network (PGNN) for scalable solutions of Maxwell equations with high spatial resolution and illustrate the developed formalism on a metamaterial p... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Maxwell equations

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Performance Analysis of an UWB/SDM Optical Network Node with PIC-based Flexible WaveBand-Selective Switches

Performance Analysis of an UWB/SDM Optical Network Node with...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Papapavlou, Charalampos Paximadis, Konstantinos Gomez, Braulio Marom, Dan M. Tomkos, Ioannis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Patras Patras26504 Greece Institute of Applied Physics Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel VPI Photonics GmbH Germany

We analyze a hierarchical optical node architecture supporting flexible band switching using WBSSs across a variety of spatial/spectral granularities from a wavelength channel to full-fiber switching, offering high-pe... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Optical fibers

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physics-informed neural networks for classical and quantum communication with multimode fibers

Physics-informed neural networks for classical and quantum c...

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2024 Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2024

作者： Zhang, Qian Sun, Jiali Rothe, Stefan Czarske, Jürgen Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering TU Dresden Dresden01069 Germany Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Institute of Applied Physics School of Science TU Dresden Germany

physics-informed neural networks provide mode decomposition based on intensity-only images in high-dimensional quantum communication using multimode fibers. © Optica Publishing Group 2024, © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Multimode fibers

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