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Study of Novel Photodetectors and Electronics to Enhance Coincidence Time Resolution of BGO-based PET Detectors

Study of Novel Photodetectors and Electronics to Enhance Coi...

2022 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference, IEEE NSS MIC RTSD 2022

作者： Gonzalez-Montoro, Andrea Pourashraf, Shirin Cates, Joshua W Levin, Craig S Stanford University Department of Radiology StanfordCA94305 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Applied Nuclear Physics Program BerkeleyCA94720 United States Stanford University Departments of Radiology Molecular Imaging Program Bioengineering Physics and Electrical Engineering CA94305 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488723

Developing high sensitivity multiparametric medical imaging tools constitutes one of the main research topics in radionuclide *** time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) scanners have shown potential in this context. One of the most attractive solutions that have been proposed to improve the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of TOF-PET scanners includes exploiting the small population of promptly emitted light photons (i.e., Cherenkov photons). Bismuth germanate (BGO) is a legacy detection material for PET which exhibits a moderate Cherenkov yield. which new advancements in ultra-violet (UV) light sensitive photosensor technologies and associated detection techniques can exploit for fast timing. It has been demonstrated that exploiting the BGO-Cherenkov component may simultaneously facilitate high 511 keV photon detection sensitivity with excellent CTR, thus enabling high sensitivity, low cost TOF-PET systems. Accessing the timing information from these Cherenkov photons requires enhanced photodetector technology combined with low noise and fast readout electronics, as well as specific data post-processing *** this summary, we report the CTR evaluation of different length BGO crystals coupled to UV enhanced SiPMs and custom designed electronics. Average CTR values of 156 ± 6, 188 ± 5, 228 ± 8 and 297 ± 8 ps CTR FWHM have been achieved for 3 × 3 × 3, × 5, × 10, and × 15 mm3 BGO crystal with chemically processed surface finishes. © 2022 IEEE.

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Low-loss, nonvolatile tuning of Bragg structures with Sb2Se3

Low-loss, nonvolatile tuning of Bragg structures with Sb2Se3

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CLEO: Applications and Technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Nobile, Nicholas A. Lian, Chuanyu Sun, Hongyi Huang, Yi-Siou Mills, Brian Popescu, Cosmin Constantin Callahan, Dennis Hu, Juejun Ríos Ocampo, Carlos A. Youngblood, Nathan Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Draper Scholar Program The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc. CambridgeMA02139 United States The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc. CambridgeMA02139 United States

Sb2Se3 is used to switch between broadband transparency and enhanced index contrast in two device types leveraging Bragg gratings for tunable stop- and pass-band functionalities. Experimental results highlight fabrication challenges and efficacy of the designs. © Optica Publishing Group 2024, © 2024 The Author(s)

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Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Architectures of Ordered Carbon Nanotubes

Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Archi...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Doumani, Jacques Lou, Minhan Dewey, Oliver Hong, Nina Fan, Jichao Baydin, Andrey Pasquali, Matteo Yomogida, Yohei Yanagi, Kazuhiro Saito, Riichiro Kono, Junichiro Gao, Weilu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Carbon Hub Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States J.A. Woollam Co. LincolnNE United States The Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan Department Physics Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States

We demonstrate tunable, giant, and structure-induced deep-ultraviolet circular dichroism in macroscopically chiral assemblies of racemic carbon nanotubes prepared using two approaches: mechanical-rotation-assisted vac... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Dichroism

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Electron-phonon coupling of the iron pnictide superconductor Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2

Electron-phonon coupling of the iron pnictide superconductor...

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2023 Laser Science, LS 2023

作者： Bartenev, Alexander Kolodka, Roman S. Eom, Ki-Tae Kang, Jong-Hoon Rua, Adrian Theran, Larry Verbel, Camilo Hellstrom, Eric E. Eom, Chang-Beom Rua, Armando Lysenko, Sergiy Department of Physics University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez00681 Puerto Rico Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison WI53706 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez00681 Puerto Rico Applied Superconductivity Center National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University TallahasseeFL32310 United States

Femtosecond photoexcitation of Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2 superconductors reveals distinct dynamics of laser fluence-dependent ultrafast processes. The modified two-temperature model shows the complex interplay between thermalization time constants, electron-phonon coupling parameters, and level of optical excitation. © Optica Publishing Group 2023, © 2023 The Authors.

关键词： Electron-phonon interactions

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Unveiling the Power of Sparse Neural Networks for Feature Selection

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Atashgahi, Zahra Liu, Tennison Pechenizkiy, Mykola Veldhuis, Raymond Mocanu, Decebal Constantin van der Schaar, Mihaela Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Netherlands Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Department of Computer Science University of Luxembourg Luxembourg

Sparse Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for efficient feature selection. Leveraging the dynamic sparse training (DST) algorithms within SNNs has demonstrated promising feature selection capabilities while drastically reducing computational overheads. Despite these advancements, several critical aspects remain insufficiently explored for feature selection. Questions persist regarding the choice of the DST algorithm for network training, the choice of metric for ranking features/neurons, and the comparative performance of these methods across diverse datasets when compared to dense networks. This paper addresses these gaps by presenting a comprehensive systematic analysis of feature selection with sparse neural networks. Moreover, we introduce a novel metric considering sparse neural network characteristics, which is designed to quantify feature importance within the context of SNNs. Our findings show that feature selection with SNNs trained with DST algorithms can achieve, on average, more than 50% memory and 55% FLOPs reduction compared to the dense networks, while outperforming them in terms of the quality of the selected features. Our code and the supplementary material are available on GitHub (https://***/zahraatashgahi/Neuron-Attribution). © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Time-Dependent Magnetic Flux in Devices for Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics

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Physical Review applied 2023年第3期19卷 034031-034031页

作者： Jacob Bryon D.K. Weiss Xinyuan You Sara Sussman Xanthe Croot Ziwen Huang Jens Koch Andrew A. Houck Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Recent theoretical work has highlighted that quantizing a superconducting circuit in the presence of time-dependent flux Φ(t) generally produces Hamiltonian terms proportional to dΦ/dt unless a special allocation of the flux across inductive terms is chosen. Here, we present an experiment probing the effects of a fast flux ramp applied to a heavy-fluxonium circuit. The experiment confirms that naïve omission of the dΦ/dt term leads to theoretical predictions inconsistent with experimental data. Experimental data are fully consistent with recent theory that includes the derivative term or equivalently uses “irrotational variables” that uniquely allocate the flux to properly eliminate the dΦ/dt term.

关键词： Circuit quantum electrodynamics Optoelectronics Quantum information with solid state qubits Quantum protocols Radio frequency techniques Superconducting qubits Waveguides Cavity resonators

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AlGaAs soliton microcombs at room temperature

AlGaAs soliton microcombs at room temperature

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Wu, Lue Xie, Weiqiang Xiang, Chao Chang, Lin Yu, Yan Chen, Hao-Jing Yamamoto, Yoshihisa Bowers, John E. Vahala, Kerry J. Suh, Myoung-Gyun T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Physics & Informatics Laboratories NTT Research Inc. SunnyvaleCA94085 United States

Soliton generation in AlGaAs microresonators at room temperation is reported for the first time. The destabilizing thermo-optic effect is shown to instead provide stability for high soliton repetition rates. The optic... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Aluminum gallium arsenide

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Performance Analysis of Model-Free Control and PID Control on a Class of Nonlinear MIMO Systems

Performance Analysis of Model-Free Control and PID Control o...

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Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)

作者： James Cheng Peng James C. Spall Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Arlington VA USA Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel MD USA

Modern dynamical systems are generally non-linear, which make traditional linear controllers infeasible in some cases. To cope with the need for controlling such modern systems, researchers have developed robust nonlinear controllers that leverage function approximators such as neural networks and polynomials. In this work, we investigate one successful nonlinear controller, the SPSA (si-multaneous perturbation stochastic approximation)-based model-free control. We shall make a rigorous performance analysis on a class of nonlinear MIMO systems. As a benchmark, we compare it with PID, one of the most-widely used control technique.

关键词： Sufficient conditions PI control Simulation Perturbation methods Neural networks Stochastic processes Performance analysis

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Microscale Fiber-Integrated Vector Magnetometer with On-Tip Field Biasing using NV Ensembles in Diamond Microcystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Homrighausen, Jonas Hoffmann, Frederik Pogorzelski, Jens Glösekötter, Peter Gregor, Markus Department of Physics Engineering FH Münster - University of Applied Sciences Stegerwaldstrasse 39 SteinfurtD-48565 Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science FH Münster - University of Applied Sciences Stegerwaldstrasse 39 SteinfurtD-48565 Germany

In quantum sensing of magnetic fields, ensembles of NV centers in diamond offer high sensitivity, high bandwidth and outstanding spatial resolution while operating in harsh environments. Moreover, the orientation of defect centers along four crystal axes forms an intrinsic coordinate system, enabling vector magnetometry within a single diamond crystal. While most vector magnetometers rely on a known bias magnetic field for full recovery of three-dimensional field information, employing external 3D Helmholtz coils or permanent magnets results in bulky, laboratory-bound setups, impeding miniaturization of the device. Here, a novel approach is presented that utilizes a fiber-integrated microscale coil at the fiber tip to generate a localized uniaxial magnetic field. The same fiber-tip coil is used in parallel for spin control by combining DC and microwave signals in a bias tee. To implement vector magnetometry using a uniaxial bias field, we preselect the orientation of the diamond crystal and then fully characterize it by rotating a static magnetic field in three planes of rotation. We demonstrate the measurement of vector magnetic fields in the full solid angle with a shot-noise limited sensitivity of 19.4 nT/Hz1/2 and microscale spatial resolution while achieving a cross section of the fiber sensor head below 1 mm2 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic fields

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A BCLC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Swin Transformer and CT Imaging 46

A BCLC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Swi...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Chang, Shun-Cheng Wang, Pochuang Wang, Weichung Su, Tung-Hung Kao, Jia-Horng Lin, Che Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei10048 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program Ntu Taipei10617 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system plays a crucial role in clinical planning, offering valuable insights for effectively managing hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate prediction of BCLC stages can significantly ease the workload on radiologists. However, few datasets are explicitly designed for discerning BCLC stages. Despite the common practice of appending BCLC labels to clinical data within datasets, the inherent imbalance in BCLC distribution is further amplified by the diverse purposes for which datasets are curated. In this study, we aim to develop a BCLC staging system using the advanced Swin Transformer model. Additionally, we explore the integration of two datasets, each originally intended for separate objectives, highlighting the critical challenge of preserving class distribution in practical study designs. This exploration is pivotal for ensuring the applicability of our developed staging system in the designed clinical settings. Our resulting BCLC staging system demonstrates an accuracy of 55.81% (±7.8%), contributing to advancing medical image-based research for predicting BCLC stages. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Distribution transformers

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