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Second harmonic Bessel-Gauss beam shaping with elliptic axicon aberrations

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Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 013012-013012页

作者： Tianhong Wang Finn Buldt Pascal Bassène Saad Bin Ali Reza Edwin Fohtung Thomas A. Searles Chiu Tai Law Moussa N'Gom Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Troy New York 12180 USA The Shirley Ann Jackson Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Center for Materials Devices and Integrated Systems (CMDIS) Low center RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 USA Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2102 USA

The second harmonic (SH) of an axicon generated Bessel-Gauss beam is created through the nonlinear interaction of photons with a crystal, resulting in the energy doubling of the output photons. In this work, we show experimentally that in addition to frequency doubling, the SH of Bessel-Gauss beams under asymmetric aberrations from an elliptic axicon exhibit intriguing beam formation. Particularly, the central region of the SH beam profile is composed of two central spots of various geometries surrounded by nested ellipses; one of which is the configuration of two central gamma dots with similar radius knotted by nested ellipses for a zeroth-order Bessel-Gauss pump. These SH beams consistently maintain their spatial profile throughout propagation, reminiscing the behavior of screw dislocations in wave patterns. Our numerical simulations produce beam dynamics consistent with that of experiments and further implicate the remarkable interweaving of bright spots with dark vortices. This is especially noticeable when the beams dynamically oscillate along the optical axis, resulting in the genesis of spatially polarized beams with a knotted framework. The insights gained from our study establish a novel paradigm for exploring interactions of Bessel-like beams with vortex dynamics. This, in turn, has the potential to spark innovations in optical applications, fostering new methodologies to harness and manipulate complex light structures. Our experimental findings could spur new methods of generating logical states of light and new opportunities for material processing control.

关键词： Aberrations

Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bausch, Johannes Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Blackwell, Sam Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Davies, Alex De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Paolo, Agustin Di Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Edlich, Thomas Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heras, Francisco J.H. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Holland, George Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Kohli, Pushmeet Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kozlovskii, Borislav Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Lacroix, Nathan Landhuis, David Lange Google Research United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstMA United States Google DeepMind United Kingdom Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States Department of Physics University of Connecticut StorrsCT United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL United States Department of Physics ETH Zurich Switzerland Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA United States Yale Quantum Institute Yale University New HavenCT United States Departments of Applied Physics and Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States

Quantum error correction [1–4] provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of Λ = 2.14 ± 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% ± 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit’s lifetime by a factor of 2.4 ± 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 µs at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 µs. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3×109 cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Decoding

Metasurface Smart Glass for Object Recognition

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Metasurface Smart Glass for Object Recognition

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Cheng-Chia Tsai Zhicheng Wu Xiaoyan Huang Zongfu Yu Nanfang Yu Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA

We demonstrate a novel approach to realize optical neural networks by condensing the layered computations into a singlet of metasurface device which provides task-specific transformations of signals for recognizing th... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

关键词： Neural networks Optical computing Optical fiber networks Lasers and electrooptics Metasurfaces Object recognition Task analysis

Spectral Speckle Customization

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bender, Nicholas Haig, Henry Christodoulides, Demetrios N. Wise, Frank School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

Speckle patterns are used in a broad range of applications including microscopy, imaging, and light-matter interactions. Tailoring speckles’ statistics can dramatically enhance their performance in applications. We present an experimental technique for customizing the spatio-spectral speckled intensity statistics of optical pulses at the output of a complex medium (a disordered multimode fiber) by controlling the spatial profile of the input light. We demonstrate that it is possible to create ensembles of independent speckle patterns with arbitrary statistics at a single wavelength, simultaneously at decorrelated wavelengths, and even tailored statistics across an entire pulse spectrum. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multimode fibers

Cavity-enhanced narrowband spectral filters using rare-earth ions doped in thin-film lithium niobate

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhao, Yuqi Renaud, Dylan Farfurnik, Demitry Jiang, Yuxi Dutta, Subhojit Sinclair, Neil Loncar, Marko Waks, Edo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University 29 Oxford Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States

On-chip optical filters are fundamental components in optical signal processing. While rare-earth ion-doped crystals offer ultra-narrow optical filtering via spectral hole burning, their applications have primarily been limited to those using bulk crystals, restricting their utility. In this work, we demonstrate cavity-enhanced spectral filtering based on rare-earth ions in an integrated nonlinear optical platform. We incorporate rare-earth ions into high quality-factor ring resonators patterned in thin-film lithium niobate. By spectral hole burning at 4K in a critically coupled resonance mode, we achieve bandpass filters ranging from 7 MHz linewidth, with 13.0 dB of extinction, to 24 MHz linewidth, with 20.4 dB of extinction. By reducing the temperature to 100 mK to eliminate phonon broadening, we achieve an even narrower linewidth of 681 kHz, which is comparable to the narrowest filter linewidth demonstrated in an integrated photonic device, while only requiring a small device footprint. Moreover, the cavity enables reconfigurable filtering by varying the cavity coupling rate. For instance, as opposed to the bandpass filter, we demonstrate a bandstop filter utilizing an under-coupled ring resonator. Such versatile integrated spectral filters with high extinction ratio and narrow linewidth could serve as fundamental components for optical signal processing and optical memories on-a-chip. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bandpass filters

Doubly-resonant metal-free aluminum nitride electro-optic modulator

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Doubly-resonant metal-free aluminum nitride electro-optic mo...

2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Lipkowitz, Steven T. Grutter, Karen E. Murphy, Thomas E. University of Maryland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 8223 Paint Branch Drive College ParkMD20742 United States Laboratory for Physical Sciences 8050 Greenmead Drive College ParkMD20740 United States University of Maryland Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics 8279 Paint Branch Drive College ParkMD20742 United States

Here we use the near field of a dielectric resonant antenna to modulate an on-chip aluminum nitride ring resonator. Using this device we demonstrate entirely metal-free electro-optic modulation at 15.1 GHz. © Opt... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Aluminum nitride

Magnetic Exciton-Polariton with Strongly Coupled Atomic and Photonic Anisotropies

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Qiuyang Xie, Xin Alfrey, Adam Beach, Christiano W. McLellan, Nicholas Lu, Yang Hu, Jiaqi Liu, Wenhao Dhale, Nikhil Lv, Bing Zhao, Liuyan Sun, Kai Deng, Hui Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080 United States

Anisotropy plays a key role in science and engineering. However, the interplay between the material and engineered photonic anisotropies has hardly been explored due to the vastly different length scales. Here we demonstrate a matter-light hybrid system, exciton-polaritons in a 2D antiferromagnet, CrSBr, coupled with an anisotropic photonic crystal (PC) cavity, where the spin, atomic lattice, and photonic lattices anisotropies are strongly correlated, giving rise to unusual properties of the hybrid system and new possibilities of tuning. We show exceptionally strong coupling between engineered anisotropic optical modes and anisotropic excitons in CrSBr, which is stable against excitation densities a few orders of magnitude higher than polaritons in isotropic materials. Moreover, the polaritons feature a highly anisotropic polarization tunable by tens of degrees by controlling the matter-light coupling via, for instance, spatial alignment between the material and photonic lattices, magnetic field, temperature, cavity detuning and cavity quality-factors. The demonstrated system provides a prototype where atomic- and photonic-scale orders strongly couple, opening opportunities of photonic engineering of quantum materials and novel photonic devices, such as compact, on-chip polarized light source and polariton laser. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Anisotropy

Error metric for non-trace-preserving quantum operations

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Physical Review A 2023年第3期108卷 032609-032609页

作者： Yu Shi Edo Waks Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Joint Quantum Institute University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

We study the problem of measuring errors in non-trace-preserving quantum operations, with a focus on their impact on quantum computing. We propose an error metric that efficiently provides an upper bound on the trace distance between the normalized output states from imperfect and ideal operations, while remaining compatible with the diamond distance. As a demonstration of its application, we apply our metric in the analysis of a lossy beam splitter and a nondeterministic conditional sign-flip gate, two primary non-trace-preserving operations in the Knill-Laflamme-Milburn protocol. We then turn to the leakage errors of neutral-atom quantum computers, finding that these errors scale worse than previously anticipated, implying a more stringent fault-tolerant threshold. We also assess the quantum Zeno gate's error using our metric. In a broader context, we discuss the potential of our metric to analyze general postselected protocols, where it can be employed to study error propagation and estimate thresholds in fault-tolerant quantum computing. The results highlight the critical role of our proposed error metric in understanding and addressing challenges in practical quantum information processing.

关键词： Measurement-based quantum computing Optical quantum information processing Quantum benchmarking Quantum channels Quantum control Quantum teleportation Quantum tomography

Entanglement and quantum steering in a hybrid quadpartite system

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Physical Review applied 2023年第5期20卷 054062-054062页

作者： Amjad Sohail Montasir Qasymeh Hichem Eleuch Department of Physics Government College University Allama Iqbal Road Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Abu Dhabi University Abu Dhabi 59911 United Arab Emirates Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Texas AM University College Station Texas 77843 USA

We consider a quadpartite hybrid system that incorporates a microwave cavity, a yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) magnetic sphere resonator, a mechanical resonator, and an LC electrical resonator. The entanglement and the quantum steering properties of this quadpartite system are thoroughly investigated by considering practical parameters. The microwave cavity mode is directly coupled to the magnon, mechanical, and electrical modes via Kittel magnetostatics, radiation pressure, and adjustable capacitance of the LC configuration, respectively. We demonstrate tripartite entanglement among different modes, including indirectly coupled modes (such as magnon entanglement with mechanical and LC electrical modes) for operating temperatures up to 2 K. Furthermore, we observe the presence of asymmetric one-way steering, revealing that the mechanical oscillator and the LC resonant modes can steer the indirectly coupled magnon mode (yet in one direction while steering is not possible in the backward direction). The integration of the four interacting modes provides a variety of controlling degrees of freedom and makes the proposed quadpartite system an attractive approach for a wide range of applications, including data processing and communication, sensing, and quantum technologies.

关键词： Hybrid quantum systems Magnons Optoelectronics Optomechanics Phonons Quantum correlations in quantum information Quantum information with hybrid systems Micromechanical & nanomechanical oscillators Optical microcavities Photons Microwave techniques