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17th International Joint Conference on Biomedical engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2024

作者： Polvorinos-Fernández, Carlos Sigcha, Luis de Pablo, Laura Pereira Borzí, Luigi Cardoso, Paulo Costa, Nelson Costa, Susana López, Juan Manuel de Arcas, Guillermo Pavón, Ignacio Mechanical Engineering Department ETSI Industriales Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain Group University of Limerick LimerickV94 T9PX Ireland ALGORITMI Research Center School of Engineering University of Minho Guimarães Portugal PolitoBIOMed Lab–Biomedical Engineering Lab Politecnico di Torino Turin10129 Italy ANTHEA Lab–Data Analytics and Technologies for Health Lab Department of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Turin10129 Italy Physical Electronics Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics Department ETS de Ingeniería y Sistemas de Telecomunicación Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain

Currently, objective monitoring of resting tremor in Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves wearable devices and machine learning. Smartwatches may present an affordable method for remote and unintrusive tremor monitoring. However, the development of optimized systems is necessary to perform accurate monitoring in free-living settings. In this study, the potential of inertial sensors to detect resting tremors is evaluated. A smartwatch was placed on the wrist of six subjects with PD during the execution of MDS-UPDRS motor tasks. Data were collected over eight weeks from triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope simultaneously and used to implement machine learning algorithms to detect resting tremor. The best performance (accuracy 97.0% in tremor detection) was achieved using accelerometer data analysed with a Random Forest classifier, while the gyroscope showed lower performance (93.0%). The results indicates that the use of the accelerometer in commercial smartwatches can offer effective results for detecting resting tremors, while reducing computational workload. These results show opportunities for the development of robust free-living tremor monitoring systems using commodity devices and algorithms using a single sensor. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS–Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Gyroscopes

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High-Speed Multifunctional Photonic Memory on a Foundry-Processed Photonic Platform

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kari, Sadra Rahimi Tamura, Marcus Guo, Zhimu Huang, Yi-Siou Sun, Hongyi Lian, Chuanyu Nobile, Nicholas Erickson, John Moridsadat, Maryam Ríos Ocampo, Carlos A. Shastri, Bhavin J. Youngblood, Nathan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15261 United States Centre for Nanophotonics Department of Physics Engineering Physics & Astronomy Queen’s University KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

The integration of computing with memory is essential for distributed, massively parallel, and adaptive architectures such as neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI). Accelerating AI can be achieved through photonic computing, but it requires nonvolatile photonic memory capable of rapid updates during on-chip training sessions or when new information becomes available during deployment. Phase-change materials (PCMs) are promising for providing compact, nonvolatile optical weighting;however, they face limitations in terms of bit precision, programming speed, and cycling endurance. Here, we propose a novel photonic memory cell that merges nonvolatile photonic weighting using PCMs with high-speed, volatile tuning enabled by an integrated PN junction. Our experiments demonstrate that the same PN modulator, fabricated via a foundry-compatible process, can achieve dual functionality. It supports coarse programmability for setting initial optical weights and facilitates high-speed fine-tuning to adjust these weights dynamically. The result showcases a 400-fold increase in volatile tuning speed and a 10,000-fold enhancement in efficiency. This multifunctional photonic memory with volatile and nonvolatile capabilities could significantly advance the performance and versatility of photonic memory cells, providing robust solutions for dynamic computing environments. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Parallel architectures

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Statistical Mechanics of Thermostatically Controlled Multi-Zone Buildings

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Valenzuela, Lucas Fuentes Williams, Lindell Chertkov, Michael Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University United States Department of Physics Cornell University United States Program in Applied Mathematics & Department of Mathematics University of Arizona United States

We study the collective phenomena and constraints associated with the aggregation of individual cooling units from a statistical mechanics perspective. These units are modelled as Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) and represent zones in a large commercial or residential building. Their energy input is centralized and controlled by a collective unit – the Air Handling Unit (AHU) — delivering cool air to all TCLs, thereby coupling them together. Aiming to identify representative qualitative features of the AHU-to-TCL coupling, we build a realistic but also sufficiently simple model and analyze it in two distinct regimes: the Constant Supply Temperature (CST) and the Constant Power Input (CPI) regimes. In both cases, we center our analysis on the relaxation dynamics of individual TCL temperatures to a statistically steady state. We observe that while the dynamics are relatively fast in the CST regime, resulting in all TCLs evolving around the control setpoint, the CPI regime reveals emergence of a bi-modal probability distribution and two, possibly strongly separated, time scales. We observe that the two modes in the CPI regime are associated with all TCLs being in the same low and high-temperature states, respectively, with occasional (and therefore possibly rare) collective transition between the modes akin in the Kramer’s phenomenon of statistical physics. To the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon was overlooked in the context of the multi-zone energy building engineering, even thought it has direct implications on the operations of centralized cooling systems in buildings. It teaches us that a balance needs to be struck between occupational comfort — related to variations in the individual temperatures — and power output predictability — the main focus of the DR schemes. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Statistical mechanics

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All-silicon quantum light source by embedding an artificial atom in a nanophotonic cavity

All-silicon quantum light source by embedding an artificial ...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Zhiyenbayev, Yertay Redjem, Walid Qarony, Wayesh Ivanov, Vsevolod Papapanos, Christos Liu, Wei Jhuria, Kaushalya Al Balushi, Zakaria Dhuey, Scott Schwartzberg, Adam Tan, Liang Z. Schenkel, Thomas Kante, Boubacar Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Quantum optics in silicon is promising. We report the first all-silicon quantum light source, with a single atomic center embedded in a nanophotonic cavity, resulting in enhanced light-matter interaction. © 2023 ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Silicon

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Low Noise Microwave Generation for Quantum Information Systems via Cryogenic Extended-InGaAs Photodiodes

Low Noise Microwave Generation for Quantum Information Syste...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Takuma Nakamura Dahyeon Lee Jason Horng John D. Teufel Franklyn Quinlan Time and Frequency Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder CO USA Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Applied Physics Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder CO USA Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA

We demonstrate low-noise photonic microwave generation derived from 1550 nm fs- pulses via cryogenic extendedingaAs photodiode. The phase noise is 18 dB below the shot-noise limited amplitude noise, and >20 dB belo... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Phase noise Laser noise Masers Lighting Cryogenics Electro-optic modulators Microwave generation Photodiodes Photonics Information systems

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WISH:wavefront imaging sensor with high resolution

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 818-827页

作者： Yicheng Wu Manoj Kumar Sharma Ashok Veeraraghavan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA Applied Physics Program Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA

Wavefront sensing is the simultaneous measurement of the amplitude and phase of an incoming optical *** wavefront sensors such as Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor(SHWFS)suffer from a fundamental tradeoff between spatial resolution and phase estimation and consequently can only achieve a resolution of a few thousand *** break this tradeoff,we present a novel computational-imaging-based technique,namely,the Wavefront Imaging Sensor with High resolution(WISH).We replace the microlens array in SHWFS with a spatial light modulator(SLM)and use a computational phase-retrieval algorithm to recover the incident *** wavefront sensor can measure highly varying optical fields at more than 10-megapixel resolution with the fine phase *** the best of our knowledge,this resolution is an order of magnitude higher than the current noninterferometric wavefront *** demonstrate the capability of WISH,we present three applications,which cover a wide range of spatial ***,we produce the diffraction-limited reconstruction for long-distance imaging by combining WISH with a large-aperture,low-quality Fresnel ***,we show the recovery of high-resolution images of objects that are obscured by ***,we show that WISH can be used as a microscope without an objective *** study suggests that the designing principle of WISH,which combines optical modulators and computational algorithms to sense high-resolution optical fields,enables improved capabilities in many existing applications while revealing entirely new,hitherto unexplored application areas.

关键词： estimation. field. resolution

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All-silicon quantum light source by embedding an artificial atom in a nanophotonic cavity

All-silicon quantum light source by embedding an artificial ...

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Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023, FiO, LS 203: Part of Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023

作者： Zhiyenbayev, Yertay Redjem, Walid Qarony, Wayesh Ivanov, Vsevolod Papapanos, Christos Liu, Wei Jhuria, Kaushalya Al Balushi, Zakaria Dhuey, Scott Schwartzberg, Adam Tan, Liang Z. Schenkel, Thomas Kanté, Boubacar Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

We demonstrate the first all-silicon quantum light source, by embedding a single silicon-based defect within a silicon nanophotonic cavity, resulting in a 30-fold enhancement of luminescence and an 8-fold acceleration... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171296

关键词： Electron beam lithography Photonic crystal cavities Photonic crystals Quantum light sources Ring resonators Scanning electron microscopy

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High-Temperature Strong Nonreciprocal Thermal Radiation from Semiconductors

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Nabavi, Bardia Ghalekohneh, Sina Jafari Shayegan, Komron J. Tervo, Eric J. Atwater, Harry Zhao, Bo Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States

Nonreciprocal thermal emitters that break the conventional Kirchhoff's law allow independent control of emissivity and absorptivity and promise exciting new functionalities in controlling heat flow for thermal and energy applications. In enabling some of these applications, nonreciprocal thermal emitters will unavoidably need to serve as hot emitters. Leveraging magneto-optical effects, degenerate semiconductors have been demonstrated as a promising optical material platform for nonreciprocal thermal radiation. However, existing modeling and experimental efforts are limited to near room temperature ( © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Temperature distribution

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EllipsoNet: Deep-learning-enabled optical ellipsometry for complex thin films

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Ziyang Lin, Yuxuan Cosmi Zhang, Kunyan Wu, Wenjing Huang, Shengxi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Optical spectroscopy is indispensable for research and development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, microelectronics, energy, and advanced manufacturing. Advanced optical spectroscopy tools often require both specifically designed high-end instrumentation and intricate data analysis techniques. Beyond the common analytical tools, deep learning methods are well suited for interpreting high-dimensional and complicated spectroscopy data. They offer great opportunities to extract subtle and deep information about optical properties of materials with simpler optical setups, which would otherwise require sophisticated instrumentation. In this work, we propose a computational ellipsometry approach based on a conventional tabletop optical microscope and a deep learning model called EllipsoNet. Without any prior knowledge about the multilayer substrates, EllipsoNet can predict the complex refractive indices of thin films on top of these nontrivial substrates from experimentally measured optical reflectance spectra with high accuracies. This task was not feasible previously with traditional reflectometry or ellipsometry methods. Fundamental physical principles, such as the Kramers-Kronig relations, are spontaneously learned by the model without any further training. This approach enables in-operando optical characterization of functional materials within complex photonic structures or optoelectronic devices. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Refractive index

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Optimizing Marker Design to Improve Precision of Optical Camera-Based Rigid-Body Motion Tracking and Correction in Medical Imaging

Optimizing Marker Design to Improve Precision of Optical Cam...

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2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2021

作者： Fisher, Jonathan Kim, Chris C. Groll, Andrew Levin, Craig S. Stanford University Department of Electrical Engineering CA United States Stanford University Department of Computer Science CA United States Stanford University Department of Radiology Molecular Imaging Program CA United States Bioengineering at Stanford University Department of Radiology and by Courtesy Physics Electrical Engineering CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421133

In this work we evaluated the performance of a camera-based rigid body motion correction solution using a 2D checkerboard marker and a 3D encoded marker. The context of the results presented is in PET/MR imaging, but in principle this motion compensation method could be used in any type of medical imaging modality. A high precision, computer-controlled motion stage with four degrees of freedom was used to control the marker positions and orientations (a.k.a. 'poses'). Still images of the markers taken in different poses mimicking a patient moving her/his head from side to side, were used to assess performance of this method. Comparing the known stage motion to the estimated motion, our results indicate that the 2D marker achieves better angular accuracy while the 3D marker's translational (linear) accuracy is superior. For all axes, the angular error was less than 0.96, 0.35 [deg], and the translational error was less than 2.24, 4.76 [mm] for the 3D and 2D markers, respectively. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Medical imaging

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