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IEEE PhotonicsGlobal@Singapore, IPGC

作者： B. S. Luk'yanchuk T. C. Chong L. P. Shi M. I. Tribelsky Z. B. Wang L. Li C.-W. Qiu C. J. R. Sheppard J. H. Wu Agency for Science Data Storage Institute Singapore Electronics and Automation Moscow State Institute of Radioengineering Moscow Russia Aerospace and Civil Engineering University of Manchester UK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Division of Bioengineering National University of Singapore Singapore School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University China

Development of modern materials, including nanoclusters, cluster assembled materials and metamaterials is among the actual challenges for the development of future nanotechnologies. Here we discuss the peculiarities of far-field and near-field light scattering by plasmonic nanoparticles, and possible applications of weakly dissipating materials. Over the last few years many peculiarities of light scattering have been found for nanoparticles in the regime of plasmon resonances. Optical excitation of localized plasmons is accompanied by inverse process - transformation of localized resonant plasmons into scattered light. When radiative damping prevails over the dissipative damping, the effects of anomalous light scattering result in sharp giant optical resonances and complicated near-field structure of the Poynting vector field, see e.g. [1-4]. Here we present peculiarities of far-field and near-field light scattering by plasmonic nanoparticles with weak dissipation and anisotropy.

关键词： Plasmons Resonant frequency Resonance light scattering Light scattering Nanoparticles Optical scattering Damping Nanostructured materials Assembly Metamaterials

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3D face analysis for distinct features using statistical randomization

3D face analysis for distinct features using statistical ran...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Chunxiao Zhou Yuxiao Hu Yun Fu Huixia Wang Thomas S. Huang Yongmei Michelle Wang Statistics University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA Statistics North Carolina State University NC USA Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign IL USA

It is a fascinating yet challenging problem to accurately and efficiently localize regionally distinct features between face groups in multi-dimensional signal processing and analysis. Given a data with unknown distribution and small sample size, we propose a new statistical analysis framework using hybrid randomization (i.e., permutation) tests to improve the system's efficiency in identifying distinct features. The proposed method fits the nonparametric distribution of the test statistic with Pearson distribution series. We bypass the tedious online randomization via calculating the first four moments of the permutation distribution. This can reduce the computational complexity from O(n!) to O(n 2 ) over traditional methods for the modified Hotelling's T 2 test statistics. Experiments on simulated data and 3D face analysis demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Statistical analysis Statistical distributions Face Multidimensional signal processing Signal analysis System testing Computational complexity Computational modeling Analytical models Robustness

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Functional-MRI correlates of cued slow-eye-closure and task non-responsiveness during visuomotor tracking

Functional-MRI correlates of cued slow-eye-closure and task ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Govinda R. Poudel Richard D. Jones Carrie R. H. Innes Paul R. Davidson Richard Watts T. Leigh Signal Philip J. Bones Department of Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand SLI Systems Christchurch New Zealand Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Sleep Wake Research Centre Massey University Wellington New Zealand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

Slow-eye-closure and task non-responsiveness are important behavioural markers of microsleeps. This paper presents preliminary results on the neural correlates of voluntary slow-eye-closure and voluntary non-responsiveness during performance of a continuous visuomotor tracking task. Functional-MRI (fMRI), EEG, eye video, and tracking responses were recorded from 5 normal subjects while they performed a continuous visuomotor tracking task inside an MRI scanner for 10 min. During this time, they were cued to simultaneously stop tracking and slowly close their eyes or stop tracking without eye-closure several times. Analysis of fMRI data revealed several regions involved in cued slow-eye-closure and cued task non-responsiveness, including occipito-parietal visual regions, midline default mode regions, and fronto-parietal attention regions. These results will be of considerable value in the interpretation of changes in BOLD activation and EEG activity associated with behavioural microsleeps.

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A Handheld Fluorometer For Measuring Cellular Metabolism

A Handheld Fluorometer For Measuring Cellular Metabolism

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2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2008), vol.4

作者： Nicole Nelson David Sander Marc Dandin Anshu Sarje Somashekar Prakash Honghao Ji Pamela Abshire Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD USA Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA

We demonstrate the application of a handheld fluorometer optimized for UV excitable assays. We demonstrate the measurement of metabolic products as yeast cells germinate in dextrose solution. In particular we measure NADH which is produced during cellular respiration. The handheld fluorometer consists of a CMOS active pixel sensor with in-pixel CDS, coupled with a custom chromophore-polymer emission filter and a UV LED as the excitation source. The handheld fluorometer is able to detect as little as 10 (mu)M of NADH, and in its present format should be applicable to any fluorescence assay with UV excitation and visible emission wavelengths.

关键词： Biochemistry Detectors Working environment noise Fluorescence Optical filters Light emitting diodes Electromagnetic interference Noise generators Fungi Microfluidics

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Matrix factorization techniques for analysis of imaging mass spectrometry data

Matrix factorization techniques for analysis of imaging mass...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Peter W. Siy Richard A. Moffitt R. Mitchell Parry Yanfeng Chen Ying Liu M. Cameron Sullards Alfred H. Merrill May D. Wang School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Tech Atlanta GA USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Tech and Emory University Atlanta GA USA School of Chemistry & Biochemistry Georgia Tech Atlanta GA USA School of Biology Georgia Tech Atlanta GA USA Schools of Biology and Chemistry & Biochemistry Georgia Tech Atlanta GA USA Schools of Biology and Chemistry & Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Tech Atlanta GA USA

Imaging mass spectrometry is a method for understanding the molecular distribution in a two-dimensional sample. This method is effective for a wide range of molecules, but generates a large amount of data. It is difficult to extract important information from these large datasets manually and automated methods for discovering important spatial and spectral features are needed. Independent component analysis and non-negative matrix factorization are explained and explored as tools for identifying underlying factors in the data. These techniques are compared and contrasted with principle component analysis, the more standard analysis tool. Independent component analysis and non-negative matrix factorization are found to be more effective analysis methods. A mouse cerebellum dataset is used for testing.

关键词： Image analysis Mass spectroscopy Independent component analysis Biomedical engineering Principal component analysis Analysis of variance Cancer Chemistry Biochemistry Biochemical analysis

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A fast reconfigurable and area efficient encryption engine using partial reconfiguration

A fast reconfigurable and area efficient encryption engine u...

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4th International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, ICITA 2007

作者： Ye, Zijia Fernando, Shakith D. Ha, Yajun Chen, Nanguang Electrical and Computer Engineering Department National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore Division of Bioengineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Department National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0980326702

Partial reconfiguration (PR) allows FPGA designers to make more efficient use of available board space. At the same time, it allows adaptive hardware algorithm to be implemented since runtime reconfiguration is now possible. One of the features of partially reconfigured FPGAs is that the size of the bitstream is proportional to the size of the reconfigured resources. Therefore reconfiguration time is shorter if partial bitstream is used. Despite the obvious benefits of PR, there is poor support for PR at the design tools and documentation levels. A recent development in the PR software tools is the introduction of the Early-Access (EA) PR design tools. However, the EA PR software tools are still in the development stage. Applications most suited for PR include reconfigurable communications and cryptographic systems. In this paper, we describe a partially reconfigurable encryption engine using the EA PR design flow. Experimental results show that when using PR over full reconfiguration, this application reduces its configuration time overhead by 300% and achieves area savings of 7%, which is limited only by the smallest partially reconfigurable module (PRM) being implemented.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Simulation of the charge transport in DNA

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physica status solidi c 2008年第1期5卷

作者： T. Yamanaka M. Dutta M. A. Stroscio Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA

In this research, charge transport characteristics in a double-stranded DNA are discussed. Based on the polaron drift model, DNA was characterized by a 1D quantum wire model and the phonon scattering rates were calculated by deformation potential theory. Furthermore, using the calculated pho- non scattering rates, the carrier dynamics in DNA were characterized by the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The simulation result shows a rapid charge transport from the initial point. The validity of our modeling is also discussed. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

关键词： 63.20.Kr 73.63.Nm

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Precision printing of cells and biomaterials onto 3D matrices

Precision printing of cells and biomaterials onto 3D matrice...

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2007 ASME International Conference on Manufacturing Science and engineering

作者： Boland, Thomas Cui, Xiaofeng Chaubey, Aditya Burg, Timothy C. Groff, Richard E. Burg, Karen J. L. Department of Bioengineering Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC 29634

ISBN: (纸本)0791842908

The long term goal of our work is to develop a fabrication technique that allows precision placement of cells inside biomaterial constructs. Such spatial and temporal control of the chemistry and pattern geometry can provide new insights into fundamental aspects of cell-surface interactions. For example, cellular development can be dramatically effected by constraining cells to spread over a specific cellsurface contact area. The cell and biomaterial printing techniques developed here may prove particularly useful for exploring the interactions of anchorage-dependent cells with their environment in vitro. Our recent studies addressed the simultaneous printing of endothelial cells and biomaterials. The studies furtherdemonstrated that cells can be printed onto polymer scaffolds or fibers without significant loss of cell activity. A combination of these methods may result in the construction of vascularized tissue with mechanical properties approaching those of native tissue. Copyright © 2007 by ASME.

关键词： Endothelial cells

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Automated evaluation of HER-2/neu immunohistochemical expression in breast cancer using digital microscopy

Automated evaluation of HER-2/neu immunohistochemical expres...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Marios A. Gavrielides Hela Masmoudi Nicholas Petrick Kyle J. Myers Stephen M. Hewitt Center for Devices and Radiological Health CDRH Laboratory for the Assessment of Medical Imaging Systems U.S Food and Drug Administration National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioEngineering Silver Spring MD USA U.S Food and Drug Administration Laboratory for the Assessment of Medical Imaging Systems Silver Spring MD U.S.A Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The George Washington University Washington DC U.S.A Tissue Array Research Program National Institutes of Health MD U.S.A

HER-2/neu (HER2) has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for breast cancer. However, inter-observer variability has been reported in the evaluation of HER2 with immunohistochemistry. It has been suggested that automated computer-based evaluation can provide a consistent and objective measure of HER2 expression. In this manuscript, we present an automated method for the quantitative assessment of HER2 using digital microscopy. The method employs imaging algorithms on whole slide images of tissue specimens for the extraction of two features describing HER2 membrane staining, namely membrane staining completeness and membrane staining intensity. A classifier was trained to merge the extracted features into an overall slide assessment score. Preliminary results showed good agreement with the provided truth. The developed automated method has the potential to be used as a computer aid for the immunohistochemical evaluation of HER2 expression with the objective of increasing observer reproducibility.

关键词： Breast cancer Microscopy Biomembranes Immune system Biomarkers Medical treatment Biomedical imaging Clustering algorithms Cells (biology) Feature extraction

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A first-order mechanical device to model traumatized craniovascular biodynamics

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Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME 2007年第1期1卷 89-95页

作者： Kohles, Sean S. Mangan, Ryan W. Stan, Edward McNames, James Kohles Bioengineering Portland OR 97214-5135 United States Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207-0751 United States Department of Surgery Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR 97239-3098 United States

Mathematical models currently exist that explore the physiology of normal and traumatized intracranial function. Mechanical models are used to assess harsh environments that may potentially cause head injuries. However, few mechanical models are designed to study the adaptive physiologic response to traumatic brain injury. We describe a first-order physical model designed and fabricated to elucidate the complex biomechanical factors associated with dynamic intracranial physiology. The uni-directional flow device can be used to study interactions between the cranium, brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, vasculature, blood, and the heart. Solid and fluid materials were selected to simulate key properties of the cranial system. Total constituent volumes (solid and fluid) and volumetric flow (650 ml/min) represent adult human physiology, and the lengths of the individual segments along the flow-path are in accord with Poiseuille's equation. The physical model includes a mechanism to simulate autoregulatory vessel dynamics. Intracranial pressures were measured at multiple locations throughout the model during simulations with and without post-injury brain tissue swelling. Two scenarios were modeled for both cases: Applications of vasodilation/constriction and changes in the head of bed position. Statistical results indicate that all independent variables had significant influence over fluid pressures measured throughout the model (p < 0.0001) including the vasoconstriction mechanism (p=0.0255). The physical model represents a first-order design realization that helps to establish a link between mathematical and mechanical models. Future designs will provide further insight into traumatic head injury and provide a framework for unifying the knowledge gained from mathematical models, injury mechanics, clinical observations, and the response to therapies. Copyright © 2007 by ASME.

关键词： Biomechanics

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