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Objective diagnosis of ADHD through movement analysis by using a smart chair with piezoelectric material

Pediatrics and Neonatology 2023年第1期64卷 46-52页

作者： Chang, Tung-Ming Wu, Rong-Ching Yang, Rei-Cheng Chiang, Ching-Tai Chiu, Yi-Hung Ouyang, Chen-Sen Wang, Yun-Ming Wu, Ming-Hsu Lin, Guang-Chung Lin, Lung-Chang Department of Pediatric Neurology Changhua Christian Children's Hospital Changhua Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering I-Shou University Taiwan Departments of Pediatrics Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Taiwan Department of Computer and Communication National Pingtung University Taiwan Department of Information Engineering I-Shou University Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B) National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology College of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in schoolchildren. ADHD diagnoses are generally made based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The diagnosis is made clinically based on observation and information provided by parents and teachers, which is highly subjective and can lead to disparate results. Considering that hyperactivity is one of the main symptoms of ADHD, the inaccuracy of ADHD diagnosis based on subjective criteria necessitates the identification of a method to objectively diagnose ADHD. Methods: In this study, a medical chair containing a piezoelectric material was applied to objectively analyze movements of patients with ADHD, which were compared with those of patients without ADHD. This study enrolled 62 patients—31 patients with ADHD and 31 patients without ADHD. During the clinical evaluation, participants’ movements were recorded by the piezoelectric material for analysis. The variance, zero-crossing rate, and high energy rate of movements were subsequently analyzed. Results: The results revealed that the variance, zero-crossing rate, and high energy rate were significantly higher in patients with ADHD than in those without ADHD. Classification performance was excellent in both groups, with the area under the curve as high as 98.00%. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the use of a smart chair equipped with piezoelectric material is an objective and potentially useful method for supporting the diagnosis of ADHD. © 2022 Taiwan Pediatric Association

关键词： Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder piezoelectric material smart chair

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Universal Linear Intensity Transformations Using Spatially-Incoherent Diffractive Processors

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Rahman, Md Sadman Sakib Yang, Xilin Li, Jingxi Bai, Bijie Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Under spatially-coherent light, a diffractive optical network composed of structured surfaces can be designed to perform any arbitrary complex-valued linear transformation between its input and output fields-of-view (FOVs) if the total number (N) of optimizable phase-only diffractive features is ≥∼2NiNo, where Niand Norefer to the number of useful pixels at the input and the output FOVs, respectively. Here we report the design of a spatially-incoherent diffractive optical processor that can approximate any arbitrary linear transformation in time-averaged intensity between its input and output FOVs. Under spatially-incoherent monochromatic light, the spatially-varying intensity point spread function (H) of a diffractive network, corresponding to a given, arbitrarily-selected linear intensity transformation, can be written as H(m, n;m′, n′)=|h(m, n;m′, n′)|2, where h is the spatially-coherent point-spread function of the same diffractive network, and (m, n) and (m′, n′) define the coordinates of the output and input FOVs, respectively. Using deep learning, supervised through examples of input-output profiles, we numerically demonstrate that a spatially-incoherent diffractive network can be trained to all-optically perform any arbitrary linear intensity transformation between its input and output if N≥∼2NiNo. These results constitute the first demonstration of universal linear intensity transformations performed on an input FOV under spatially-incoherent illumination and will be useful for designing all-optical visual processors that can work with incoherent, natural light. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Linear transformations

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Multispectral Quantitative Phase Imaging Using a Diffractive Optical Network

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Shen, Che-Yung Li, Jingxi Mengu, Deniz Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

As a label-free imaging technique, quantitative phase imaging (QPI) provides optical path length information of transparent specimens for various applications in biology, materials science, and engineering. Multispectral QPI measures quantitative phase information across multiple spectral bands, permitting the examination of wavelength-specific phase and dispersion characteristics of samples. Here, we present the design of a diffractive processor that can all-optically perform multispectral quantitative phase imaging of transparent phase-only objects in a snapshot. Our design utilizes spatially engineered diffractive layers, optimized through deep learning, to encode the phase profile of the input object at a predetermined set of wavelengths into spatial intensity variations at the output plane, allowing multispectral QPI using a monochrome focal plane array. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate diffractive multispectral processors to simultaneously perform quantitative phase imaging at 9 and 16 target spectral bands in the visible spectrum. These diffractive multispectral processors maintain uniform performance across all the wavelength channels, revealing a decent QPI performance at each target wavelength. The generalization of these diffractive processor designs is validated through numerical tests on unseen objects, including thin Pap smear images. Due to its all-optical processing capability using passive dielectric diffractive materials, this diffractive multispectral QPI processor offers a compact and power-efficient solution for high-throughput quantitative phase microscopy and spectroscopy. This framework can operate at different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and be used for a wide range of phase imaging and sensing applications. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dielectric materials

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Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) through random diffusers using a diffractive optical network

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Yuhang Luo, Yi Mengu, Deniz Bai, Bijie Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free computational imaging technique used in various fields, including biology and medical research. Modern QPI systems typically rely on digital processing using iterative algorithms for phase retrieval and image reconstruction. Here, we report a diffractive optical network trained to convert the phase information of input objects positioned behind random diffusers into intensity variations at the output plane, all-optically performing phase recovery and quantitative imaging of phase objects completely hidden by unknown, random phase diffusers. This QPI diffractive network is composed of successive diffractive layers, axially spanning in total ~70λ, where λ is the illumination wavelength;unlike existing digital image reconstruction and phase retrieval methods, it forms an all-optical processor that does not require external power beyond the illumination beam to complete its QPI reconstruction at the speed of light propagation. This all-optical diffractive processor can provide a low-power, high frame rate and compact alternative for quantitative imaging of phase objects through random, unknown diffusers and can operate at different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum for various applications in biomedical imaging and sensing. The presented QPI diffractive designs can be integrated onto the active area of standard CCD/CMOS-based image sensors to convert an existing optical microscope into a diffractive QPI microscope, performing phase recovery and image reconstruction on a chip through light diffraction within passive structured layers. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Learning Diffractive Optical Communication Around Arbitrary Opaque Occlusions

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Rahman, Md Sadman Sakib Gan, Tianyi Deger, Emir Arda Işıl, Çağatay Jarrahi, Mona Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Free-space optical systems are emerging for high data rate communication and transfer of information in indoor and outdoor settings. However, free-space optical communication becomes challenging when an occlusion blocks the light path. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a direct communication scheme, passing optical information around a fully opaque, arbitrarily shaped obstacle that partially or entirely occludes the transmitter's field-of-view. In this scheme, an electronic neural network encoder and a diffractive optical network decoder are jointly trained using deep learning to transfer the optical information or message of interest around the opaque occlusion of an arbitrary shape. The diffractive decoder comprises successive spatially-engineered passive surfaces that process optical information through light-matter interactions. Following its training, the encoder-decoder pair can communicate any arbitrary optical information around opaque occlusions, where information decoding occurs at the speed of light propagation. For occlusions that change their size and/or shape as a function of time, the encoder neural network can be retrained to successfully communicate with the existing diffractive decoder, without changing the physical layer(s) already deployed. We also validate this framework experimentally in the terahertz spectrum using a 3D-printed diffractive decoder to communicate around a fully opaque occlusion. Scalable for operation in any wavelength regime, this scheme could be particularly useful in emerging high data-rate free-space communication systems. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decoding

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Development of a soft robotic wearable device to assist infant reaching

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Journal of engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy 2020年第2期3卷 021109页

作者： Kokkoni, Elena Liu, Zhichao Karydis, Konstantinos Department of Bioengineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

Existing devices to assist upper extremity (UE) movement in infants with or at risk for motor impairments remain limited and are mainly passive devices. The aim of this project was to develop and assess the validity and reliability of the first-actuated wearable device for this population. A wearable device consisting of four pneumatic actuators (two per arm) was developed and tested on a custom-built physical model with articulated joints (four degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) per arm) based on an average 12-month-old infant's upper body. The device actively controls 2DOFs per arm (one at the elbow and one at the shoulder) and does not prohibit motion about the remaining non-actuated DOFs. Three distinct device actuator synergies, that resemble muscle recruitment strategies, were evaluated in a vertical reaching task using one arm and both arms. The device was assessed for its performance, wearability, and safety. Performance was assessed via the average duration, smoothness, and repeatability of reaching movements, and maximum range of motion per actuated joint. Wearability was assessed via kinematic compatibility to infant reaching trajectories. Safety was assessed via actuator durability. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the device and reveal key insights for further improvements. Copyright © 2020 by ASME

关键词： Wearable technology

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Wearable Active Vibration Sensing for Mid-Activity Knee Health Assessment

Wearable Active Vibration Sensing for Mid-Activity Knee Heal...

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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Goktug C. Ozmen Christopher J. Nichols Lan Lan Emily Moise Christopher Sugino Alper Erturk Omer T. Inan School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA BioEngineering Graduate Program Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Non-invasive vibration measurements from the knee offer a convenient and affordable alternative to benchtop or biomechanics lab joint health monitoring systems. Recently, joint acoustic emissions (JAEs) measured from the knee were shown to be an indicator of knee health. However, the origin of JAEs is still not fully understood, which limits its acceptance and use by clinical experts. In this proof-of-concept study, rather than relying on the movements of the knee and corresponding frictional rubbing of internal surfaces to produce vibrations, we propose using an active vibration sensing approach with a known vibration source interrogating the knee. We aim to elucidate the linkage between knee vibration characteristics and structural changes in the joint following injuries. We measured tibial vibration responses of two participants using a laser vibrometer system to quantify the frequency band where the most repeatable tibial vibration measurement can be taken. Subsequently, a custom-designed wearable system measured mid-activity tibial vibration characteristics from four participants (five healthy knees and three knees with prior acute injury) during unloaded knee flexion-extensions. An active sensing knee health score was defined as the ratio of the changes in low- to high-frequency response during flexion-extension. Since changes in the boundary of tibia would alter low-frequency response more than high frequency response, we found that increased knee laxity with acute injuries resulted in an increased active sensing knee health score. Our findings demonstrate the potential of active vibration sensing as an interpretable, computationally inexpensive alternative to JAEs for wearable knee health assessment.

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The effect of B – site cation on the supercapacitive properties of LaBO3 (B = Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) porous perovskites

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Journal of Energy Storage 2024年 86卷

作者： Ashok C, Shyamli Vazhayil, Ashalatha Vinaykumar, R. Thomas, Jasmine Jeffery, A. Anto Hasan, Imran Thomas, Nygil Yadav, Akhilesh Kumar Ahn, Young-Ho Department of Chemistry Nirmalagiri College Kerala Kannur India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Karnataka Bangalore5600064 India Environmental Science and Engineering Laboratory Department of Civil Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of Department of BioEngineering Saveetha School of Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taipei University of Technology Taipei10608 Taiwan Varanasi221005 India

Perovskite oxides have attracted great attention as favorable electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their sole structure, intrinsic oxygen vacancy and compositional flexibility. However, a facile synthetic route which is simple and economical is a challenging issue related to the synthesis of such complex functional oxides. We present a facile and ultrafast way to synthesize LaBO3 (B = Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) perovskite nanocrystallites using glycine-nitrate autocombustion followed by annealing. The structure, phase purity, thermal stability, morphology and surface features of thus synthesized perovskite oxides were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, High resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller measurements. The role of B – site cation on the electrochemical performance has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements showed that, among the synthesized materials, LaBO3 nanoparticles with smallest transition metal cation at its B – site, that is LaCoO3 delivered highest value of specific capacitance (750 F/g) and the value of specific capacitance decreases in the order LaCoO3 ˃ LaMnO3 ˃ LaCrO3 ˃ LaFeO3. Therefore, B – site transition metal cation holds the key to regulate perovskite's properties which are essential prerequisites for supercapacitors. An asymmetric device fabricated using LaCoO3 and activated carbon as the positive and negative electrode respectively acted in broad potential window (1.7 V) and delivered an energy density of 22.2 Wh/kg at a power density of 997.7 W/kg and two supercapacitors connected in series could power a red light emitting diode efficiently. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Universal Polarization Transformations: Spatial programming of polarization scattering matrices using a deep learning-designed diffractive polarization transformer

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Yuhang Li, Jingxi Zhao, Yifan Gan, Tianyi Hu, Jingtian Jarrahi, Mona Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Spatial manipulation of polarization, with the controlled synthesis of optical fields having non-uniform polarization distributions, presents a challenging task. Here, we demonstrate universal polarization transformers based on an engineered diffractive volume, which can synthesize a large set of arbitrarily-selected, complex-valued polarization scattering matrices between the polarization states at different positions within its input and output field-of-views (FOVs). This framework comprises 2D arrays of linear polarizers with diverse angles, which are positioned between isotropic diffractive layers, each containing tens of thousands of diffractive features with optimizable transmission coefficients. We demonstrate that, after its deep learning-based training, this diffractive polarization transformer could successfully implement NiNo=10,000 different spatially-encoded polarization scattering matrices with negligible error within a single diffractive volume, where Ni and No represent the number of pixels in the input and output FOVs, respectively. We experimentally validated this universal polarization transformation framework in the terahertz part of the spectrum by fabricating wire-grid polarizers and integrating them with 3D-printed diffractive layers to form a physical polarization transformer operating at λ = 0.75 mm wavelength. Through this set-up, we demonstrated an all-optical polarization permutation operation of spatially-varying polarization fields, and simultaneously implemented distinct spatially-encoded polarization scattering matrices between the input and output FOVs of a compact diffractive processor that axially spans 200×λ. This framework opens up new avenues for developing novel optical devices for universal polarization control, and may find various applications in, e.g., remote sensing, medical imaging, security, material inspection and machine vision. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polarization

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Fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using single- and multiphoton peak event detection for rapid quantification of NAD(P)H-related metabolic dynamics during apoptosis 23

Fast fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using single- ...

引用

Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XXIII 2023

作者： Sorrells, Janet E. Marjanovic, Marina Iyer, Rishyashring R. Yang, Lingxiao Chaney, Eric J. Wang, Geng Tu, Haohua Boppart, Stephen A. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Cancer Center at Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510658738

Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to collect label-free metabolic information from biological samples via autofluorescence lifetime imaging of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H). However, FLIM has traditionally been limited by slow acquisition due to the limited bandwidth of analog electronics that perform photon counting and time-tagging. This slow acquisition has restricted the applicability of multiphoton FLIM of NAD(P)H by impeding the ability to accurately study biological problems that require characterization of fast dynamics. Faster image acquisition can be achieved by directly digitizing the amplified output of a hybrid photodetector and computationally determining photon counts via the Single- and multiphoton PEak Event Detection (SPEED) algorithm. This method, bypassing the limited-bandwidth analog electronics used for photon counting and time-tagging of photons in traditional FLIM, enables fast photon counting capabilities which are well suited for fast, high-dynamic range biological processes such as metabolic changes during apoptosis. Here, we utilize this technology to examine fast dynamics of apoptosis in 2D culture of normal and cancerous human breast cell lines, rat mammary tumor tissue-derived organoids, and in vivo rat mammary tumors. Results indicate that apoptosis-related metabolic dynamics are biological model-dependent and based on local pharmacokinetics, with tumor derived organoids in Matrigel showing a significantly slower response than in vivo or in vitro 2D cell models. Future work should carefully consider these implications when determining which tumor model to use for experimentation and should improve tumor models to better represent in vivo tumor apoptosis dynamics. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Rats

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