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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2022

作者： Joung, Hyou-Arm Ghosh, Rajesh Goncharov, Artem Ngo, Kevin Palanisamy, Barath Veszpremi, Marcell Horn, Elizabeth J. Arnaboldi, Paul M. Dattwyler, Raymond J. Garner, Omai B. Di Carlo, Dino Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Lyme Disease Biobank PortlandOR97221 United States Department of Microbiology/Immunology New York Medical College ValhallaNY United States

We report a paper-based multi-peptide optical sensor processed by a neural network for point-of-care testing of Lyme disease. Using clinical serum samples, we demonstrate 91.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity without...

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

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Beating bandwidth limits for large aperture broadband nano-optics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fröch, Johannes E. Chakravarthula, Praneeth K. Sun, Jipeng Tseng, Ethan Colburn, Shane Zhan, Alan Miller, Forrest Wirth-Singh, Anna Tanguy, Quentin A.A. Han, Zheyi Böhringer, Karl F. Heide, Felix Majumdar, Arka Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Tunoptix Fluke Hall 4000 Mason Road 300 SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Institute for Nano-Engineered Systems University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States

Flat optics have been proposed as an attractive approach for the implementation of new imaging and sensing modalities to replace and augment refractive optics. However, chromatic aberrations impose fundamental limitations on diffractive flat optics. As such, true broadband high-quality imaging has thus far been out of reach for low f-number, large aperture, flat optics. In this work, we overcome these intrinsic fundamental limitations, achieving broadband imaging in the visible wavelength range with a flat meta-optic, co-designed with computational reconstruction. We derive the necessary conditions for a broadband, 1 cm aperture, f/2 flat optic, with a diagonal field of view of 30° and an average system MTF contrast of 30% or larger for a spatial frequency of 100 lp/mm in the visible band (> 50 % for 70 lp/mm and below). Finally, we use a coaxial, dual-aperture system to train the broadband imaging meta-optic with a learned reconstruction method operating on pair-wise captured imaging data. Fundamentally, our work challenges the entrenched belief of the inability of capturing high-quality, full-color images using a single large aperture meta-optic. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Nanophotonics

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A 7.8-μm Pixel Pitch Direct Conversion X-ray Detector for High-Resolution Intraoral Tomosynthesis Application

A 7.8-μm Pixel Pitch Direct Conversion X-ray Detector for H...

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2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2021

作者： Pil-Ali, Abdollah Adnani, Sahar Scott, Christopher C. Karim, Karim S. University of Waterloo Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooN2L3G1 Canada Ka Imaging 560 Parkside Dr #3 WaterlooN2L5Z4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421133

Intraoral tomosynthesis, or 2D x-ray tomography, is an imaging technique that is currently being used in dental diagnostic imaging. Technological developments in dental diagnostic imaging have been mostly focused on improving imaging modalities or employing higher performance x-ray sources. Higher efficacy in diagnosing common dental issues, however, requires more efficient and accurate imaging systems. Small-feature size lesions, cracks, or fractures cannot be detected accurately unless a comparably higher resolution x-ray detector is employed. In this work, we investigate and demonstrate the potential of employing a high resolution amorphous selenium-CMOS hybrid direct conversion x-ray detector, with pixel size and pitch of 7.8-μm, for dental imaging application. We use a microfocus x-ray source working at 60 kVp and 199 μA to perform 2D x-ray tomography and create ultra-high resolution x-ray images. This high-resolution x-ray detector in conjunction with the microfocus x-ray source can be incorporated with many dental diagnostic imaging techniques such as stationary intraoral tomosynthesis, panoramic imaging, or cone-beam computed tomography to further improve the final image quality. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： X ray detectors

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Bridge-Assisted Micropillar Structure for High-Aspect Ratio X-ray Grating Fabrication

Bridge-Assisted Micropillar Structure for High-Aspect Ratio ...

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2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2021

作者： Pil-Ali, Abdollah Adnani, Sahar Con, Celal Warsi, Zain H. Karim, Karim S. University of Waterloo Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 200 University Ave W WaterlooN2L3G1 Canada Ka Imaging WaterlooN2L5Z4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421133

Coded-aperture and Talbot-Lau are among x-ray phase-contrast imaging techniques that work based on x-ray absorption masks (gratings). X-ray gratings play a central role in these techniques, where visibility - image quality - is highly dependent on the quality of gratings. Although the fabrication process of high-aspect ratio structures for line-gratings is well-developed, there are technological challenges in realizing 2D gratings through the fabrication of fine high-aspect ratio micropillars that restrict x-ray imaging systems' sensitivity and functionality. The main challenge is micropillars mechanical stability during, and after, fabrication. Whether SU-8 based LIGA or silicon-based deep-RIE process is used to fabricate high-aspect ratio micropillars, during developing, cleaning, or electroplating, micropillars that are not stable enough could collapse, bend, or deform. In this work, we introduce bridge-assisted micropillars to improve their mechanical stability. The addition of auxiliary supporting bridge structures helps micropillars stand alone, which also eliminates the need for a critical point drying step. To demonstrate proof-of-concept of bridge-assisted micropillars, two samples are fabricated through both SU-8 based LIGA and silicon-based deep-RIE processes. The result of this work helps researchers further expand 2D phase-contrast x-ray imaging systems' sensitivity. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Mechanical stability

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Photonic Advantage of Optical Encoders

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Luocheng Tanguy, Quentin A.A. Fröch, Johannes E. Mukherjee, Saswata Böhringer, Karl F. Majumdar, Arka Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Physics Department University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Institute for Nano-Engineered Systems University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States

Light’s ability to perform massive linear operations parallelly has recently inspired numerous demonstrations of optics-assisted artificial neural networks (ANN). However, a clear advantage of optics over purely digital ANN in a system-level has not yet been established. While linear operations can indeed be optically performed very efficiently, the lack of nonlinearity and signal regeneration require high-power, low-latency signal transduction between optics and electronics. Additionally, a large power is needed for the lasers and photodetectors, which are often neglected in the calculation of energy consumption. Here, instead of mapping traditional digital operations to optics, we co-optimized a hybrid optical-digital ANN, that operates on incoherent light, and thus amenable to operations under ambient light. Keeping the latency and power constant between purely digital ANN and hybrid optical-digital ANN, we identified a low-power/ latency regime, where an optical encoder provides higher classification accuracy than a purely digital ANN. However, in that regime, the overall classification accuracy is lower than what is achievable with higher power and latency. Our results indicate that optics can be advantageous over digital ANN in applications, where the overall performance of the ANN can be relaxed to prioritize lower power and latency. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural networks

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A novel rule-based expert system for early diagnosis of bipolar and Major Depressive Disorder

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Smart Health 2025年 35卷

作者： Zolfagharnasab, Mohammad Hossein Damari, Siavash Soltani, Madjid Ng, Artie Karbalaeipour, Hengameh Haghdadi, Amin Saghayan, Masood Hamed Matinfar, Farzam Department of Statistics Mathematics and Computer Science University of Allameh Tabataba'i Tehran Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran Centre for Sustainable Business International Business University Toronto Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB) University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Department of Integrative Oncology BC Cancer Research Institute Vancouver Canada Department of Psychology Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

A confident and timely diagnosis of mental illnesses is one of the primary challenges practitioners repeatedly encounter when they start treating new patients. However, diagnosing can quickly become problematic as the subjects expose comparative symptoms among mental illnesses. Due to influencing a broad populace among mental ailments, an adjusted differentiation between Major Depressive Disorder, Mania Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Bipolar Disorder, and ordinary individuals with mild symptoms is one of the critical subjects for community health. This study responded to the described problem by proposing a novel rule-based Expert System, which evaluates the impact of disorder symptoms on the Certainty Factor concerning each mental status. The semantic rules are developed based on the recommendation of experts, and the implementation is carried out using Prolog and C# languages. Furthermore, an easy-to-use user interface is considered to facilitate the system workflow. The consistency of the developed framework is established by performing rigorous tests by expert psychiatrists as well as 120 clinical samples collected from private samples. Based on the results, the current model classifies mental disorder cases with a success rate of 93.33% using only the 17 symptoms specified in the ontology model. Furthermore, a questionnaire that measures user satisfaction after the test also achieves a mean score of 3.56 out of 4, which indicates a high degree of user acceptance. As a result, it is concluded that the current framework is a reliable tool for achieving a solid diagnosis in a shorter period. © 2024

关键词： Bipolar disorder Clinical Decision Support computer science Expert system Healthcare Informatics Rule-based Reasoning

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Analog, In-memory Compute Architectures for Artificial Intelligence

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bowen, Patrick Regev, Guy Regev, Nir Pedroni, Bruno Umbria Hanson, Edward Chen, Yiran Neurophos 212 W Main St. #301 DurhamNC27701 United States Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University P.O. Box 90291 DurhamNC27708 United States AlephZero 5141 Beeman Ave. Valley VillageCA91607 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev David Ben-Gurion Blvd. 1 Be'er Sheva Israel Department of Bioengineering UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA92093 United States Duke University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Science Dr DurhamNC27710 United States

This paper presents an analysis of the fundamental limits on energy efficiency in both digital and analog in-memory computing architectures, and compares their performance to single instruction, single data (scalar) machines specifically in the context of machine inference. The focus of the analysis is on how efficiency scales with the size, arithmetic intensity, and bit precision of the computation to be performed. It is shown that analog, in-memory computing architectures can approach arbitrarily high energy efficiency as both the problem size and processor size scales. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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3D Virtual Refocusing of Point Spread Function (PSF) Engineered Images Using Cascaded Neural Networks

3D Virtual Refocusing of Point Spread Function (PSF) Enginee...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Xilin Yang Luzhe Huang Yilin Luo Yichen Wu Hongda Wang Yair Rivenson Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California USA Bioengineering Department University of California Los Angeles California USA California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI) University of California Los Angeles California USA

We present a virtual refocusing method over an extended depth-of-field (DOF) using point-spread function (PSF) engineering and cascaded deep neural networks.

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

We present a virtual refocusing method over an extended depth-of-field (DOF) using point-spread function (PSF) engineering and cascaded deep neural networks.

关键词： Deep learning Three-dimensional displays Neural networks Lasers and electrooptics Quantum cascade lasers Electrooptical waveguides

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Fully implantable and battery-free wireless optoelectronic system for modulable cancer therapy and real-time monitoring

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 119-130页

作者： Kiho Kim In Sik Min Tae Hee Kim Do Hyeon Kim Seungwon Hwang Kyowon Kang Kyubeen Kim Sangun Park Jongmin Lee Young Uk Cho Jung Woo Lee Woon-Hong Yeo Young Min Song Youngmee Jung Ki Jun Yu Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei-roSeodaemun-guSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Center for Biomaterials Biomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Fusion Research and Collaboration Biomedical Research InstituteSeoul National University HospitalSeoul 03080Republic of Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science(EECS) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)Gwangju 61005Republic of Korea PA1 Foundry BusinessSamsung Electronics1 Samsungjeonja-roHwaseong-siGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea R&D Center DNA Lab PharmaresearchSeongnam 13486Republic of Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoul 136-705Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Energy Materials for Soft Electronics LaboratoryPusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering and George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30332USA Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesInstitute for MaterialsNeural Engineering CenterGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering YU-Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)InstituteYonsei University50Yonsei-roSeodaemun-guSeoul 03722Republic of Korea

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is attracting attention as a next-generation cancer treatment that can selectively destroy malignant tissues,exhibit fewer side effects,and lack pain during *** PDT systems have recently been developed to resolve the issues of bulky and expensive conventional PDT systems and to implement continuous and repetitive *** implantable PDT systems,however,are not able to perform multiple functions simultaneously,such as modulating light intensity,measuring,and transmitting tumor-related data,resulting in the complexity of cancer ***,we introduce a flexible and fully implantable wireless optoelectronic system capable of continuous and effective cancer treatment by fusing PDT and hyperthermia and enabling tumor size monitoring in *** system exploits micro inorganic light-emitting diodes(μ-LED)that emit light with a wavelength of 624 nm,designed not to affect surrounding normal tissues by utilizing a fully programmable light intensity ofμ-LED and precisely monitoring the tumor size by Si phototransistor during a long-term implantation(2–3 weeks).The superiority of simultaneous cancer treatment and tumor size monitoring capabilities of our system operated by wireless power and data transmissions with a cell phone was confirmed through in vitro experiments,ray-tracing simulation results,and a tumor xenograft mouse model in *** all-in-one single system for cancer treatment offers opportunities to not only enable effective treatment of tumors located deep in the tissue but also enable precise and continuous monitoring of tumor size in real-time.

关键词： optoelectronic enable battery

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Dual Action Electrochemical Bandage Operated by a Programmable Multimodal Wearable Potentiostat

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Bozyel, Ibrahim Fleming, Derek Won-Jun, Kim Rosen, Peter F. Gelston, Suzanne Ozdemir, Dilara Ay, Suat U. Patel, Robin Beyenal, Haluk The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University PullmanWA United States Division of Clinical Microbiology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA United States Division of Infectious Diseases Mayo Clinic RochesterMN United States The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 1505 Stadium Way Room 105 P.O. Box 646515 PullmanWA99164-6515 United States

Electrochemical bandages (e-bandages) can be applied to biofilm-infected wounds to generate reactive oxygen species, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The e-bandage-generated HOCl or H2O2 kills biofilms in vitro and in infected wounds on mice. The HOCl-generating e-bandage is more active against biofilms in vitro, although this distinction is less apparent in vivo. The H2O2-generating e-bandage, more than the HOCl-generating e-bandage, is associated with improved healing of infected wounds. A strategy in which H2O2 and HOCl are generated alternately—for dual action—was explored. The goal was to develop a programmable multimodal wearable potentiostat (PMWP) that could be programmed to generate HOCl or H2O2, as needed. An ultralow-power microcontroller unit managed operation of the PMWP. The system was operated with a 260‑mAh capacity coin battery and weighed 4.6 grams, making it suitable for small animal experiments or human use. The overall cost of a single wearable potentiostat was $6.50 (USD). The device was verified using established electrochemical systems and functioned comparably to a commercial potentiostat. To determine antimicrobial effectiveness, PMWP-controlled e-bandages were tested against clinical isolates of four prevalent chronic wound bacterial pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus faecium, and one fungal pathogen of emerging concern, Candida auris. PMWP-controlled e-bandages exhibited broad-spectrum activity against biofilms of all study isolates tested when programmed to deliver HOCl followed by H2O2. These results show that the PMWP operates effectively and is suitable for animal testing. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biofilms

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