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arXiv 2022年

作者： Mengu, Deniz Tabassum, Anika Jarrahi, Mona Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Multispectral imaging has been used for numerous applications in e.g., environmental monitoring, aerospace, defense, and biomedicine. Here, we present a diffractive optical network-based multispectral imaging system trained using deep learning to create a virtual spectral filter array at the output image field-of-view. This diffractive multispectral imager performs spatially-coherent imaging over a large spectrum, and at the same time, routes a predetermined set of spectral channels onto an array of pixels at the output plane, converting a monochrome focal plane array or image sensor into a multispectral imaging device without any spectral filters or image recovery algorithms. Furthermore, the spectral responsivity of this diffractive multispectral imager is not sensitive to input polarization states. Through numerical simulations, we present different diffractive network designs that achieve snapshot multispectral imaging with 4, 9 and 16 unique spectral bands within the visible spectrum, based on passive spatially-structured diffractive surfaces, with a compact design that axially spans ~72λm, where λm is the mean wavelength of the spectral band of interest. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate a diffractive multispectral imager based on a 3D-printed diffractive network that creates at its output image plane a spatially-repeating virtual spectral filter array with 2x2=4 unique bands at terahertz spectrum. Due to their compact form factor and computation-free, power-efficient and polarization-insensitive forward operation, diffractive multispectral imagers can be transformative for various imaging and sensing applications and be used at different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum where high-density and wide-area multispectral pixel arrays are not widely available. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： 3D printers

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Photonic Crystal Enhanced Emission and Blinking Suppression for Single Quantum Dot Digital Resolution Biosensing of Cancer-associated miRNA Biomarkers

Photonic Crystal Enhanced Emission and Blinking Suppression ...

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CLEO: Science and Innovations, S and I 2022

作者： Xiong, Yanyu Huang, Qinglan Canady, Taylor D. Barya, Priyash Liu, Shengyan Arogundade, Opeyemi H. Race, Caitlin M. Wang, Xiaojing Zhou, Lifeng Wang, Xing Kohli, Manish Smith, Andrew M. Cunningham, Brian T. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Oncology Huntsman Cancer Institute Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Cancer Center at Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States

We report 3,000-fold signal enhancement with blinking suppression capability and single QD sensitivity using low-NA lens. Applied toward miRNA detection assays, we achieve single-base mutation selectivity, and 10-atto... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

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SIMscope3D: A structured illumination miniature microscope for high resolution brain imaging

SIMscope3D: A structured illumination miniature microscope f...

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Optics and the Brain, BRAIN 2022

作者： Supekar, Omkar D. Sias, Andrew Hansen, Sean R. Martinez, Gabriel Peet, Graham C. Peng, Xiaoyu Bright, Victor M. Hughes, Ethan G. Restrepo, Diego Shepherd, Douglas P. Welle, Cristin G. Gopinath, Juliet T. Gibson, Emily A. Department of Electrical Energy and Computer Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus CO80045 United States Department of Neurosurgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus CO80045 United States Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus CO80045 United States Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus CO80045 United States Department of Physics Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States

We present a high-resolution miniature microscope with volumetric imaging. Optical sectioning with an axial resolution of 18 μm is obtained by structured illumination delivered using fiber bundle, and electrowetting ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171036

关键词： Brain mapping

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Bifunctional Noble Metal-free Ternary Chalcogenide Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Singh, Shantanu Irshad, Ahamed De la Cruz, Germany Diaz Zhao, Boyang Zayat, Billal Chang, Qiaowan Narayan, Sri Ravichandran, Jayakanth Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States Ming Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Core Center of Excellence in Nano Imaging University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

Hydrogen has been identified as a clean, zero carbon, sustainable, and promising energy source for the future, and electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production is an emission-free, efficient energy conversion technology. A major limitation of this approach is the unavailability of efficient, abundant, inexpensive catalysts, which prompts the need for new catalytic materials. Here, we report the synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of a novel transition metal-based ternary chalcogenide family, LaMS3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Powder X-ray diffraction confirms the phase purity of these materials, while composition analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of the stoichiometric ratio of elements in these compounds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were used to study the chemical states on the surface and in bulk, respectively. These materials exhibit bifunctional catalytic activity towards the two half-reactions of the water-splitting process, with LaNiS3 being the most active material for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The LaMS3 compounds show long-term stability with negligible change in the overpotential at a constant current density of 10 mA cm-2 over 18 hours of measurements. As compared to the corresponding ternary oxides, the LaMS3 materials exhibit higher activity and significantly lower Tafel slopes. The ability to catalyze both half-reactions of water electrolysis makes these materials promising candidates for bifunctional catalysts and presents a new avenue to search for high-efficiency electrocatalysts for water splitting. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Electrocatalysts

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Characteristic function and operator approach to M-indeterminate probability densities

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Loughlin, Patrick Cohen, Leon Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Bioengineering 302 Benedum Hall University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15261 United States Department of Physics Hunter College of the City University of New York 695 Park Ave. New YorkNY10065 United States

Based on a quantum mechanical approach, we investigate moment- (or M-) indeterminate probability densities by way of the characteristic function and self-adjoint operators. The approach leads to new methods to constru... 详细信息

关键词： Probability density function

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Sensing With Communication Signals: From Information Theory to Signal Processing

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Fan Liu, Ya-Feng Cui, Yuanhao Masouros, Christos Xu, Jie Han, Tony Xiao Buzzi, Stefano Eldar, Yonina C. Jin, Shi National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematicsand Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom Guangdong518172 China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Cassino and Southern Lazio CassinoI-03043 Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano MilanoI-20133 Italy ParmaI-43124 Italy Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel

The Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) paradigm is anticipated to be a cornerstone of the upcoming 6G networks. In order to optimize the use of wireless resources, 6G ISAC systems need to harness the communication data payload signals, which are inherently random, for both sensing and communication (S&C) purposes. This tutorial paper provides a comprehensive technical overview of the fundamental theory and signal processing methodologies for ISAC transmission with random communication signals. We begin by introducing the deterministic-random tradeoff (DRT) between S&C from an information-theoretic perspective, emphasizing the need for specialized signal processing techniques tailored to random ISAC signals. Building on this foundation, we review the core signal models and processing pipelines for communication-centric ISAC systems, and analyze the average squared auto-correlation function (ACF) of random ISAC signals, which serves as a fundamental performance metric for multi-target ranging tasks. Drawing insights from these theoretical results, we outline the design principles for the three key components of communication-centric ISAC systems: modulation schemes, constellation design, and pulse shaping filters. The goal is to either enhance sensing performance without compromising communication efficiency or to establish a scalable tradeoff between the two. We then extend our analysis from a single-antenna ISAC system to its multi-antenna counterpart, discussing recent advancements in multiinput multi-output (MIMO) precoding techniques specifically designed for random ISAC signals. We conclude by highlighting several open challenges and future research directions in the field of sensing with communication signals. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal modulation

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Large Fluorescence Enhancement via Lossless All-Dielectric Spherical Mesocavities

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zakomirnyi, Vadim I. Moroz, Alexander Bhargava, Rohit Rasskazov, Ilia L. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States *** Department of Bioengineering Electrical & Computer Engineering Mechanical Science & Engineering Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry Cancer Center at Illinois Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States SunDensity Inc. RochesterNY14604 United States

Nano- and microparticles are popular media to enhance optical signals, including fluorescence from a dye proximal to the particle. Here we show that homogeneous, lossless, all-dielectric spheres with diameters in the mesoscale range, between nano- ( 100 nm) and micro- ( 1 µm) scales, can offer surprisingly large fluorescence enhancements, up to F ∼ 104. With the absence of nonradiative Ohmic losses inherent to plasmonic particles, we show that F can increase, decrease or even stay the same with increasing intrinsic quantum yield q0, for suppressed, enhanced or intact radiative decay rates of a fluorophore, respectively. Further, the fluorophore may be located inside or outside the particle, providing additional flexibility and opportunities to design fit for purpose particles. The presented analysis with simple dielectric spheres should spur further interest in this less-explored scale of particles and experimental investigations to realize their potential for applications in imaging, molecular sensing, light coupling, and quantum information processing. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Spheres

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Guided assembly of cellular network models from knowledge in literature

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ahmed, Yasmine Miskov-Zivanov, Natasa Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Bioengineering Department Computational and Systems Biology Department University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States

Computational modeling is crucial for understanding and analyzing complex systems. In biology, model creation is a human dependent task that requires reading hundreds of papers and conducting wet lab experiments, which would take days or months. To overcome this hurdle, we propose a novel automated method, that utilizes the knowledge published in literature to suggest model extensions by selecting most relevant and useful information in few seconds. In particular, our novel approach organizes the events extracted from the literature as a collaboration graph with additional metric that relies on the event occurrence frequency in literature. Additionally, we show that common graph centrality metrics vary in the assessment of the extracted events. We have demonstrated the reliability of the proposed method using three different selected models, namely, T cell differentiation, T cell large granular lymphocyte, and pancreatic cancer cell. Our proposed method was able to find high percent of the desired new events with an average recall of 82%. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： T-cells

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Bridge-Assisted Micropillar Structure for High-Aspect Ratio X-ray Grating Fabrication

Bridge-Assisted Micropillar Structure for High-Aspect Ratio ...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Abdollah Pil-Ali Sahar Adnani Celal Con Zain H. Warsi Karim S. Karim Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology University of Waterloo 200 University Ave W Waterloo CA KA Imaging Waterloo CA

ISBN: (数字)9781665421133

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421140

Coded-aperture and Talbot-Lau are among x-ray phase-contrast imaging techniques that work based on x-ray absorption masks (gratings). X-ray gratings play a central role in these techniques, where visibility – image quality – is highly dependent on the quality of gratings. Although the fabrication process of high-aspect ratio structures for line-gratings is well-developed, there are technological challenges in realizing 2D gratings through the fabrication of fine high-aspect ratio micropillars that restrict x-ray imaging systems’ sensitivity and functionality. The main challenge is micropillars mechanical stability during, and after, fabrication. Whether SU-8 based LIGA or silicon-based deep-RIE process is used to fabricate high-aspect ratio micropillars, during developing, cleaning, or electroplating, micropillars that are not stable enough could collapse, bend, or deform. In this work, we introduce bridge-assisted micropillars to improve their mechanical stability. The addition of auxiliary supporting bridge structures helps micropillars stand alone, which also eliminates the need for a critical point drying step. To demonstrate proof-of-concept of bridge-assisted micropillars, two samples are fabricated through both SU-8 based LIGA and silicon-based deep-RIE processes. The result of this work helps researchers further expand 2D phase-contrast x-ray imaging systems’ sensitivity.

关键词： Fabrication Bridges Image quality Electrochemical deposition Sensitivity Absorption Cleaning

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Single-Exposure, Single-Mask, Edge-Illumination X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging Using a 7.8-μm Pixel Pitch Direct Conversion X-ray Detector

Single-Exposure, Single-Mask, Edge-Illumination X-ray Phase-...

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2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2021

作者： Pil-Ali, Abdollah Adnani, Sahar Scott, Christopher C. Olivo, Alessandro Karim, Karim S. University of Waterloo Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooN2L3G1 Canada Ka Imaging Inc. WaterlooN2L5Z4 Canada University College London Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421133

Double-mask edge-illumination is a well-reported technique for phase-contrast x-ray imaging. Although phase retrieval using this technique is comparably easier than propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging, edge-illumination can be inefficient in terms of dose efficiency and imaging time when it comes to computed tomography scanning. The illumination curve, which describes the beamlets' intensity profile impinging upon the detector, is a key parameter that contributes to retrieving phase and absorption information. To obtain the illumination curve, multiple exposures are typically required which decreases x-ray dose efficiency and, more importantly, increases imaging time. Moreover, sample motion can negatively impact the image and information retrieval process. In this research, we employ a single mask in conjunction with a 7.8-μm pixel pitch amorphous selenium-CMOS hybrid direct conversion x-ray detector to obtain the beamlets' intensity profile with only a single exposure. We demonstrate how using an ultra-high spatial resolution x-ray detector with a single-mask edge-illumination technique can potentially increase both dose efficiency and imaging time by at least a factor of 1.5X. Moreover, the resulting system using our approach is more compact with a source-to-detector distance of less than 30 cm. Single-exposure imaging can also help mitigate the impact of motion artifacts in the final image. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： X ray detectors

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