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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hu, Yong Huang, Shan Han, Albert Y. Moon, Seong Krane, Jeffrey F. Stafsudd, Oscar Grundfest, Warren St. John, Maie A. Los AngelesCA United States Department of Bioengineering UCLA Los AngelesCA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering UCLA Los AngelesCA United States UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program UCLA Medical Center Los AngelesCA United States Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center UCLA Medical Center Los AngelesCA United States Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine UCLA Medical Center Los AngelesCA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UCLA Los AngelesCA United States

Complete surgical resection of the tumor for Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains challenging, given the devastating side effects of aggressive surgery and the anatomic proximity to vital structures. To address the clinical challenges, we introduce a widefield, label-free imaging tool that can assist surgeons delineate tumor margins real-time. We assume that autofluorescence lifetime is a natural indicator of the health level of tissues, and ratio-metric measurement of the emission-decay state to the emission-peak state of excited fluorophores will enable rapid lifetime mapping of tissues. Here, we describe the principle, instrumentation, characterization of the imager and the intraoperative imaging of resected tissues from 13 patients undergoing head and neck cancer resection. 20 x 20 mm2 imaging takes 2 second/frame with a working distance of 50 mm, and characterization shows that the spatial resolution reached 70 μm and the least distinguishable fluorescence lifetime difference is 0.14 ns. Tissue imaging and Hematoxylin-Eosin stain slides comparison reveals its capability of delineating cancerous boundaries with submillimeter accuracy and a sensitivity of 91.86% and specificity of 84.38%. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tumors

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Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgical Reconstruction Through Finite Element Analysis

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Risvas, Konstantinos Stanev, Dimitar Benos, Lefteris Filip, Konstantinos Tsaopoulos, Dimitrios Moustakas, Konstantinos University of Patras Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Patras25500 Greece École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Institute of Bioengineering Lausanne1015 Switzerland Centre of Research and Technology-Hellas Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology Thessaloniki57001 Greece

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most common knee injuries. The ACL reconstruction surgery aims to restore healthy knee function by replacing the injured ligament with a graft. Proper selection of the optimal surgery parameters is a complex task. To this end, we developed an automated modeling framework that accepts subject-specific geometries and produces finite element knee models incorporating different surgical techniques. Initially, we developed a reference model of the intact knee, validated with data provided by the OpenKnee project. This helped us evaluate the effectiveness of estimating ligament stiffness directly from MRI. Next, we performed a plethora of "what-if" simulations, comparing responses with the reference model. We found that a) increasing graft pretension and radius reduces relative knee displacement, b) the correlation of graft radius and tension should not be neglected, c) graft fixation angle of 20 degrees can reduce knee laxity, and d) single-versus double-bundle techniques demonstrate comparable performance in restraining knee translation. In most cases, these findings confirm reported values from comparative clinical studies. The numerical models are made publicly available, allowing for experimental reuse and lowering the barriers for meta-studies. The modeling approach proposed here can complement orthopedic surgeons in their decision-making. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Finite element method

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Single-shot Quantitative Gradient Phase Microscopy (QGPM) to Monitor Cellular Kinetics

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2024年第SUPPLEMENT_1期30卷

作者： Mohammadi, Melika Haji Hur, Sun Woong Kwon, Minsung Samuel, Ashok Zachariah Bhargava, Rohit Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology Urbana IL United States Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Mechanical Science and Engineering and Chemistry Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States

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Characterization of CdZnTeSe Nuclear Detector Chemically Etched in Bromine Methanol

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2021年第8期12卷 363-373页

作者： Ezekiel O. Agbalagba Mebougna L. Drabo Stephen U. Egarievwe Utpal N. Roy Amir H. Davis Mordecai B. Israel Parion L. Alexander Ralph B. James Department of Physics Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Alabama A&M University Huntsville USA Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Science Center Alabama A&M University Huntsville USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of South Alabama Mobile USA Department of Nonproliferation and National Security Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton USA Science and Technology Directorate Savannah River National Laboratory Aiken USA Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford USA Biological and Environmental Sciences Department Alabama A&M University Huntsville USA

Semiconductor nuclear radiation detectors made from tertiary and quaternary compounds of cadmium telluride (CdTe) can operate at room temperature without cryogenic cooling. One of such materials that have become of great interest is cadmium zinc telluride selenide (CdZnTeSe). Compared to other CdTe-based materials, such as cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe), CdZnTeSe can be grown with much less Te inclusions and sub-grain boundary networks. Chemical etching is often used to smoothen wafer surfaces during detector fabrication. This paper presents the characterization of CdZnTeSe that is chemically etched using bromine methanol solution. Infrared imaging shows that the wafer has no sub-grain boundary networks that often limit detector performance. The current-voltage (I-V) characterization experiment gave a resistivity of 4.6 × 10¹⁰ Ω-cm for the sample. The I-V curve was linear in the ±10 to ±50 volts range. An energy resolution of 7.2% was recorded at 100 V for the 59.6-keV gamma line of ²⁴¹Am.

关键词： CdZnTeSe Chemical Etching Energy Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Infrared Imaging Nuclear Detectors

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Precise Statistical Approach for Leaf Segmentation

Precise Statistical Approach for Leaf Segmentation

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Mohammed Ghazal Ali Mahmoud Ahmed Shalaby Shams Shaker Adel Khelifi Ayman El-Baz Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Abu Dhabi University Abu Dhabi UAE Bioengineering Department University of Louisville US Computer Science and Information Technology Department Abu Dhabi University Abu Dhabi UAE

ISBN: (数字)9781728163956

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163963

One thing that assists in automatic environmental monitoring is leaf segmentation. By segmenting a leaf, image-based leaf health assessment can be performed which is crucial in maintaining the effectiveness of the environmental balance. This paper presents a technique that serves an accurate framework for diseased leaf segmentation from Coloured imaged. In other words, this method works to use information generated from RGB images that we have stored in our data base to represent the current input image. To achieve such technique, four main steps were constructed: 1) Using contrast variations to characterize the region of interest (ROI) of a given leaf which enhances the accuracy of the segmentation using minimal time. 2) using linear combination of discrete Gaussians (LCDG) to represent the visual appearance of the input image and to assume the marginal probability distributions of the three regions of interest classes. 3) Using information generated from RGB images that we have stored in our data base to calculate the probabilities of the three classes on a pixel basis in step two. 4) Lastly, clarifying the labels with Gauss-Markov random field model (GGMRF) to maintain the continuity. After all these steps, the experimental validation promised high accuracy.

关键词： Image segmentation Diseases Lighting Gray-scale Forestry Support vector machines Probability distribution

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Automated movement detection reveals features of maturation in preterm infants

Automated movement detection reveals features of maturation ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Ian Zuzarte Alan H. Gee Dagmar Sternad David Paydarfar Department of Bioengineering Northeastern University Boston MA Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Neurology The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX Departments of Biology Electrical & Computer Engineering and Physics Northeastern University Boston MA Department of Neurology The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX

ISBN: (数字)9781728119908

ISBN: (纸本)9781728119915

Nearly 10% of all births in the United States are preterm. Preterm birth is a major risk for developmental neuromotor disorders. Early characterization of a future developmental outcome is necessary to design early interventions. However, such evaluations are currently subjective and typically happen only several months after birth. The aim of this study was to quantify movement bouts after birth and to determine if features of maturation might be characterized. Four preterm infants were continuously monitored for several months, from a few days after birth until discharge, in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Movement was quantified from the photoplethysmogram using a wavelet-based algorithm. In all 4 infants, maturation was associated with a decrease (p 30s). The distribution of movement durations followed a power law function with its exponent defining the characteristic of the distribution. The exponent significantly increased with post-menstrual age. Future research will test whether these maturational changes can predict developmental outcomes.

关键词： Pediatrics Electronic mail Linear regression Histograms Data acquisition Fitting Feature extraction

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Label-free correlative morpho-chemical tomography of 3D kidney mesangial cells

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Butola, Ankit Ghosh, Biswajoy Park, Jaena Kwon, Minsung De la Cadena, Alejandro Mukherjee, Sudipta S. Bhargava, Rohit Boppart, Stephen A. Agarwal, Krishna Department of Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø9037 Norway University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 405 N. Mathews Ave. UrbanaIL61801 United States Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 405 N Mathews Avenue UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1406 W Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 506 S Mathews Avenue UrbanaIL61801 United States

Label-free characterization of biological specimens seeks to supplement existing imaging techniques and avoid the need for contrast agents that can disturb the native state of living samples. Conventional label-free optical imaging techniques are compatible with living samples but face challenges such as poor sectioning capability, fragmentary morphology, and lack chemical specific information. Here, we combined simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multi-harmonic (SLAM) microscopy and gradient light interference microscopy (GLIM) to extract both chemical specific and morphological tomography of 3D cultured kidney mesangial cells. Imaging 3D in vitro kidney models is essential to understand kidney function and pathology. Our correlative approach enables imaging and quantification of these cells to extract both morphology and chemical-specific signals that is crucial for understanding kidney function. In our approach, SLAM offers a nonlinear imaging platform with a single-excitation source to simultaneously acquire autofluorescence (FAD and NAD(P)H), second, and third harmonic signal from the 3D cultured cells. Complementarily, GLIM acquires high-contrast quantitative phase information to quantify structural changes in samples with thickness of up to 250 µm. Our correlative imaging results demonstrate a versatile and hassle-free platform for morpho-chemical cellular tomography to investigate functions such as metabolism and matrix deposition of kidney mesangial cells in 3D under controlled physiological conditions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cell culture

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Millimeter-scale focal length tuning with MEMS-integrated meta-optics employing high-throughput fabrication

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Han, Zheyi Colburn, Shane Majumdar, Arka Böhringer, Karl F. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Bioengineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Institute for Nano-Engineered Systems University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States

Miniature varifocal lenses are crucial for many applications requiring compact optical systems. Here, utilizing electro-mechanically actuated 0.5-mm aperture infrared Alvarez meta-optics, we demonstrate 3.1 mm (200 diopters) focal length tuning with an actuation voltage below 40 V. This constitutes the largest focal length tuning in any low-power electro-mechanically actuated meta-optic, enabled by the high energy density in comb-drive actuators producing large displacements at relatively low voltage. The demonstrated device is produced by a novel nanofabrication process that accommodates meta-optics with a larger aperture and has improved alignment between meta-optics via flip-chip bonding. The whole fabrication process is CMOS compatible and amenable to high-throughput manufacturing. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tuning

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Intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton integrated with soft wearable bioelectronics and deep-learning for human intention-driven strength augmentation based on sensory feedback

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lee, Jinwoo Kwon, Kangkyu Soltis, Ira Matthews, Jared Lee, Yoon-Jae Kim, Hojoong Romero, Lissette Zavanelli, Nathan Kwon, Youngjin Kwon, Shinjae Lee, Jimin Na, Yewon Lee, Sung Hoon Yu, Ki Jun Shinohara, Minoru Hammond, Frank L. Yeo, Woon-Hong Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy Engineering Dongguk University Seoul04620 Korea Republic of IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States School of Industrial Design Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine AtlantaGA30332 United States Institute for Materials Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Neural Engineering Center Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

The age and stroke-associated decline in musculoskeletal strength degrades the ability to perform daily human tasks using the upper extremities. Here, we introduce an intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton system that uses cloud-based deep learning to predict human intention for strength augmentation. The embedded soft wearable sensors provide sensory feedback by collecting real-time muscle signals, which are simultaneously computed to determine the user's intended movement. The cloud-based deep-learning predicts four upper-limb joint motions with an average accuracy of 96.2% at a 500-550 millisecond response rate, suggesting that the exoskeleton operates just by human intention. In addition, an array of soft pneumatics assists the intended movements by providing 897 newton of force while generating displacement of 87 millimeter at maximum. Collectively, the intent-driven exoskeleton can reduce human muscle activities by 3.7 times on average compared to the unassisted *** Codes 68T40 (Primary) 92C55, 68T99 (Secondary) Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensory feedback

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Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence with DNA-based Nano-gripper for Ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 Biosensing

Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence with DNA-based Nano-g...

引用

IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： Yanyu Xiong Lifeng Zhou Laura Cooper Skye Shepherd Tingjie Song Abhisek Dwivedy Lijun Rong Tong Wang Xing Wang Brian T. Cunningham Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign Urbana Illinois USA Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign Urbana Illinois USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Advanced Science Research Center at Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY USA Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

DNA-origami based nano-grippers, integrated with aptamer-based nanoswitches, generate fluorescent signals when detecting SARS-CoV-2. The integration of Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence Microscope enables a 10 4 -fold enhancement compared to a single fluorophore reporter on glass substrate, providing a promising tool for ultrasensitive detection and rapid diagnostics.

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