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A Multifunctional Hydrogel with Multimodal Self-Powered Sensing Capability and Stable Direct Current Output for Outdoor Plant Monitoring Systems

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 1-24页

作者： Xinge Guo Luwei Wang Zhenyang Jin Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS(CISM) National University of Singapore5 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117608Singapore NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program(ISEP) National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Research Center for Sustainable Urban Farming(SUrF) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117558Singapore

Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability *** systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental *** outdoor systems equipped with energy harvesters and self-powered sensors often struggle with fluctuating energy sources,low durability under harsh conditions,non-transparent or non-biocompatible materials,and complex ***,a multifunctional hydrogel is developed,which can fulfill all the above requirements and build selfsustainable outdoor monitoring systems solely by *** can serve as a stable energy harvester that continuously generates direct current output with an average power density of 1.9 W m^(-3)for nearly 60 days of operation in normal environments(24℃,60%RH),with an energy density of around 1.36×10^(7)J m^(-3).It also shows good self-recoverability in severe environments(45℃,30%RH)in nearly 40 days of continuous ***,this hydrogel enables noninvasive and self-powered monitoring of leaf relative water content,providing critical data on evaluating plant health,previously obtainable only through invasive or high-power consumption *** potential extends to acting as other self-powered environmental *** multifunctional hydrogel enables self-sustainable outdoor systems with scalable and low-cost production,paving the way for future agriculture.

关键词： Self-powered sensor Hydrogel Energy harvester Outdoor farming Self-sustainable IoT

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Surgical Suturing Skill Assessment Using Estimated Hand Roll Angle from a Deep-learning computer Vision Algorithm 46

Surgical Suturing Skill Assessment Using Estimated Hand Roll...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Gao, Jianxin Shayan, Amir Mehdi Singh, Simar P. Bible, Joe Singapogu, Ravikiran Groff, Richard E. Clemson University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ClemsonSC United States Clemson University Department of Bioengineering ClemsonSC United States Clemson University School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences ClemsonSC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

This paper proposes a deep-learning computer vision algorithm to estimate hand roll angles for metric-based assessment of surgical suturing skills. The number of rolls metric, previously calculated directly from IMU data, counts the number of hand roll reversals during a single suture. To calculate this metric using computer vision, we apply a deep-learning algorithm that can reliably estimate hand roll angles after training on suturing videos collected on the SutureCoach simulator. Results show that the estimation accuracy of the deep-learning algorithm is robust to different video backgrounds. The number of rolls metrics were used to analyze suturing performance in the SutureCoach dataset, which includes attending and resident surgeons and novices. The means of number of rolls based on computer vision differs between most skill levels at both surface and depth conditions, a pattern which holds for number of rolls based on the IMU as well. The proposed algorithm provides a solution for non-contact hand roll angle estimation, which opens up the possibility of inter-operative surgical skill assessment. The code is available at https://***/axin233/hand-roll-estimation © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Automating life science labs at the single-cell level through precise ultrasonic liquid sample ejection:PULSE

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第6期10卷 173-188页

作者： Peiran Zhang Zhenhua Tian Ke Jin Kaichun Yang Wesley Collyer Joseph Rufo Neil Upreti Xianjun Dong Luke P.Lee Tony Jun Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub Department of NeurologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Institute of Quantum Biophysics Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea Department of Chemistry&Nanoscience Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea

Laboratory automation technologies have revolutionized biomedical ***,the availability of automation solutions at the single-cell level remains scarce,primarily owing to the inherent challenges of handling cells with such small dimensions in a precise,biocompatible ***,we present a single-cell-level laboratory automation solution that configures various experiments onto standardized,microscale test-tube matrices via our precise ultrasonic liquid sample ejection technology,known as *** enables the transformation of titer plates into microdroplet arrays by printing nanodrops and single cells acoustically in a programmable,scalable,and biocompatible *** pipetting robots,PULSE enables researchers to conduct biological experiments using single cells as anchoring points(e.g.,1 cell vs.1000 cells per“tube”),achieving higher resolution and potentially more relevant data for modeling and downstream *** demonstrate the ability of PULSE to perform biofabrication,precision gating,and deterministic array barcoding via preallocated droplet-addressable *** cells can be gently printed at a speed range of 5–20 cell⋅s−1 with an accuracy of 90.5–97.7%,which can then adhere to the substrate and grow for up to 72 h while preserving cell *** the deterministic barcoding experiment,95.6%barcoding accuracy and 2.7%barcode hopping were observed by comparing the phenotypic data with known genotypic data from two types of single *** PULSE platform allows for precise and dynamic analyses by automating experiments at the single-cell level,offering researchers a powerful tool in biomedical research.

关键词： precise liquid offering

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Nonlinear dynamic response of bimorph piezoelectric energy harvester with functionally graded porous core

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Noise and Vibration Worldwide 2023年第2-3期54卷 145-157页

作者： Akbar, Narges Soltani, Madjid Department of Mechanical Engineering Alzahra University Tehran Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center Computational Medicine Center K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran

This study deals with piezoelectric energy harvesters carrying the magnet at the free end while a magnifier connected them to the base. The harvester consists of a cantilever beam with Functionally Graded (FG) porous foam core and two piezoelectric faces while taking into account the von-Karman strains and the magnetic interaction of two magnets. The governing equation has been developed using Hamilton’s principle and reduced-order via the Galerkin method. Frequency response of vibrations and voltage derived using harmonic balance method and the adjusted model has been confirmed by parametric studies of the lumped parameter model. A parametric study is also performed to expose the effects of porosity coefficient and pattern, magnifier ratios, and excitation level on the responses. Results show that by correct selection of the magnifier parameters, the proposed harvester can provide a higher output over a wider frequency band. Also, the core porosity increases the flexibility of the beam and raised the voltage by a factor of 1.8. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： Porosity

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Subwavelength imaging using a solid‑immersion diffractive optical processor

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eLight 2024年第1期4卷 203-222页

作者： Jingtian Hu Kun Liao Niyazi Ulas Dinc Carlo Gigli Bijie Bai Tianyi Gan Xurong Li Hanlong Chen Xilin Yang Yuhang Li Cağatay Işıl Md Sadman Sakib Rahman Jingxi Li Xiaoyong Hu Mona Jarrahi Demetri Psaltis Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland David Geffen School of Medicine University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Phase imaging is widely used in biomedical imaging,sensing,and material characterization,among other ***,direct imaging of phase objects with subwavelength resolution remains a ***,we demonstrate subwavelength imaging of phase and amplitude objects based on all-optical diffractive encoding and *** resolve subwavelength features of an object,the diffractive imager uses a thin,high-index solid-immersion layer to transmit high-frequency information of the object to a spatially-optimized diffractive encoder,which converts/encodes high-frequency information of the input into low-frequency spatial modes for transmission through *** subsequent diffractive decoder layers(in air)are jointly designed with the encoder using deep-learning-based optimization,and communicate with the encoder layer to create magnified images of input objects at its output,revealing subwavelength features that would otherwise be washed away due to diffraction *** demonstrate that this all-optical collaboration between a diffractive solid-immersion encoder and the following decoder layers in air can resolve subwavelength phase and amplitude features of input objects in a highly compact *** experimentally demonstrate its proof-of-concept,we used terahertz radiation and developed a fabrication method for creating monolithic multi-layer diffractive *** these monolithically fabricated diffractive encoder-decoder pairs,we demonstrated phase-to-intensity(P→I)transformations and all-optically reconstructed subwavelength phase features of input objects(with linewidths of~λ/3.4,whereλis the illumination wavelength)by directly transforming them into magnified intensity features at the *** solid-immersion-based diffractive imager,with its compact and cost-effective design,can find wide-ranging applications in bioimaging,endoscopy,sensing and materials characterization.

关键词： Diffractive processors Solid immersion imaging Phase-to-intensity transformations

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Blood Flow Analysis of Subject-Specific Cerebral Arterial Tree: A Focus on the Redistribution of the Blood Flow After Occlusion 22

Blood Flow Analysis of Subject-Specific Cerebral Arterial Tr...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2025

作者： Ghaffari, Amin Vahid, Mobina Amiri Zaree, Pedram Saadabadi, Kasra Mazarei Ghaffari, Mahsa University of California Department of Bioengineering Riverside United States Amirkabir University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Tehran Iran University of California Department of Computer Science Riverside United States University of California Department of Electrical Engineering Riverside United States University of Illinois Department of Bioengineering Chicago United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520526

During vascular occlusions, the blood flow distribution in the cerebroarterial tree changes and can lead to insufficient blood flow, which can in turn cause tissue damage or ischemia. In such situations, predicting blood flow dynamics in a timely manner is crucial as it provides information about regions at risk, enabling clinicians to select optimal sites for revascularization procedures. This paper presents the development of a hemodynamic simulator designed to model pressure and flow, enabling detailed analysis of blood flow redistribution in response to arterial blockages. We focused on the role of Circle of Willis to provide immediate compensation for the loss of blood supply to the distal sites of occluded vessels. For this purpose, the angioarchitecture of a cerebral arterial tree was acquired using magnetic resonance angiography from a human subject with a complete Circle of Willis, and in-vivo blood flow measurements were used to obtain subject-specific boundary conditions. A 1D arterial network simulator was developed to predict the flow through the entire cerebral vascular tree model after five different scenarios of arteries occlusion. The blood flow in the communicating arteries, particularly in the right middle cerebral artery, significantly changed in different occlusion cases showing their importance for blood flow accommodation after occlusion. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Plasma (human)

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ADC-Less 3D-NAND Compute-in-Memory Architecture Using Margin Propagation 66

ADC-Less 3D-NAND Compute-in-Memory Architecture Using Margin...

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2023 IEEE 66th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, MWSCAS 2023

作者： Undavalli, Aswin Chowdary Cauwenberghs, Gert Natarajan, Arun Chakrabartty, Shantanu Nagulu, Aravind Washington University in St. Louis Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering MO United States University of California at San Diego Department of Bioengineering CA United States School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University CorvallisOR United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302103

Compute In Memory (CIM) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to overcome the memory bottleneck in Von-Neumann computing architectures. While most CIM architectures use non-volatile memory elements in a NOR-based configuration, NAND-based configuration, and in particular, 3D-NAND flash memories are attractive because of their potential in achieving ultra-high memory density and ultra-low cost per bit storage. Unfortunately, the standard multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) CIM-paradigm can not be directly applied to NAND-flash memories. In this paper, we report a NAND-Flash-based CIM architecture by combining the conventional 3D-NAND flash with a Margin-Propagation (MP) based approximate computing technique. We show its application for implementing matrix-vector multipliers (MVMs) that do not require analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for read-out. Using simulation results we show that this approach has the potential to provide a 100 x improvement in compute density, read speed, and computation efficiency compared to the current state-of-the-art. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Compute-In Memory Margin Propagation Matrix Vector Multipliers Multiply and Accumulate NAND Flash

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Crosstalk in polymer microelectrode arrays

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Nano Research 2021年第9期14卷 3240-3247页

作者： Yi Qiang Wen Gu Zehua Liu Shanchuan Liang Jae Hyeon Ryu Kyung Jin Seo Wentai Liu Hui Fang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Bioengineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

Thin-film polymer microelectrcxje arrays(MEAs)facilitate the high-resolution neural recording with its superior mechanical ***,the densely packed electrodes and interconnects along with the ultra-thin polymeric encapsulation/substrate layers give rise to non-negligible crosstalk,which could result in severe interference in the neural signal *** to the lack of standardized characterization or modeling of crosstalk in neural electrode arrays,to date,crosstalk in polymer MEAs remains poorly *** this work,the crosstalk between two adjacent polymer microelectrodes is measured experimentally and modeled using equivalent ***,this study demonstrated a two-well measuring platform and systematically characterized the crosstalk in polymer microelectrodes with true isolation of the victim channel and precise control of its grounding condition.A simple,unified equation from detailed circuit modeling was proposed to calculate the crosstalk in different *** element analysis(FEA)analysis was conducted further to explore the crosstalk in more aggressively scaled polymer electrode *** addition to standardizing neural electrode array crosstalk characterization,this study not only reveals the dependence of the crosstalk in polymer MEAs on a variety of key device parameters but also provides general guidelines for the design of thin polymer MEAs for high-quality neural signal recording.

关键词： crosstalk effect flexible microelectrodes equivalent circuit modelling finite element analysis polymer

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Multi-robot Map Exploration Based on Multiple Rapidly-Exploring Randomized Trees

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SN computer Science 2024年第1期5卷 31页

作者： Mukhopadhyay, Shayok Umari, Hassan Koirala, Koshish Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department University of New Haven 300 Boston Post Rd West Haven 06516 CT United States Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Mechatronics Engineering graduate program American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates

A map is necessary for tasks such as path planning or localization, which are common to mobile robot navigation. However, a map may be unavailable if the environment in which a robot navigates is unknown. Creating a map requires an exploration algorithm. Such algorithms guide robots to boundaries that separate known portions of a map from the unknown portions. Such boundaries are known as frontiers. There are image processing-based algorithms that detect frontiers. The authors’ previous work uses two, i.e., local and global, rapidly exploring random trees (RRTs) for two-dimensional exploration using a single robot. The present work applies the above to a multiagent system with three robots. A market-based strategy is used to allocate exploration tasks to the robots. Results show that the developed exploration strategy successfully explores a map in a reasonable amount of time compared to image processing-based approaches, and also reduces the map exploration cost. This strategy is readily usable for three-dimensional exploration with drones. It is also shown that the usage of a local frontier detector along with a global frontier detector helps reduce exploration time compared to simply using a global frontier detector alone. As an outline to future work, the paper also shows an extension of the proposed approach towards three-dimensional mapping using a single robot. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Exploration Mapping Multi-agent Navigation ROS RRT

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Temperature-Dependent Hydrogen Modulations of Ultra-Scaled a-IGZO Thin Film Transistor Under Gate Bias Stress

IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology

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IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology 2024年 5卷 9-16页

作者： Aslam, Muhammad Chang, Shu-Wei Chuang, Min-Hui Chen, Yi-Ho Lee, Yao-Jen Li, Yiming Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701401 Taiwan Institute of Communications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Recently, a-IGZO has advanced toward the next-generation electronics system because of its compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and back-end-of-line (BOEL) based systems. A systematic electrical characterization of a-IGZO TFT related to reliability issues, such as positive bias temperature stress (PBTS) and negative bias temperature stress (NBTS), would entitle its integration into novel electronics systems. Unexpectedly, PBTS is characterized by the transition of positive Vth shift to negative Vth shift (ΔVth, the positive shift followed by the stress and temperature activated negative shift). This transition is attributed to charge trapping/trap-site generations and hydrogen migration to the active layer. The ΔVth shift mechanism depends on the temperature and voltage stress. On the other hand, a negative ΔVth shift has been observed during the NBTS operation and could be attributed to the hole trapping at the interface of GI/IGZO. An effective suppression of the gate leakage current has also been observed during reliability tests. Simulation results reveal a pronounced potential at the edges of source and drain regions, and considered the origin of hydrogen migration into the IGZO layer. Thermal image results also reveal the strong temperature/potential distribution at the edges of the source/drain regions, indorsing the simulation results. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Oxide semiconductors

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