DolphinAttacks (i.e., inaudible voice commands) modulate audible voices over ultrasounds to inject malicious commands silently into voice assistants and manipulate controlled systems (e.g., doors or smart speakers). E...
详细信息
DolphinAttacks (i.e., inaudible voice commands) modulate audible voices over ultrasounds to inject malicious commands silently into voice assistants and manipulate controlled systems (e.g., doors or smart speakers). Eliminating DolphinAttacks is challenging if ever possible since it requires to modify the microphone hardware. In this paper, we design EarArray, a lightweight method that can not only detect such attacks but also identify the direction of attackers without requiring any extra hardware or hardware modification. Essentially, inaudible voice commands are modulated on ultrasounds that inherently attenuate faster than the one of audible sounds. By inspecting the command sound signals via the built-in multiple microphones on smart devices, EarArray is able to estimate the attenuation rate and thus detect the attacks. We propose a model of the propagation of audible sounds and ultrasounds from the sound source to a voice assistant, e.g., a smart speaker, and illustrate the underlying principle and its feasibility. We implemented EarArray using two specially-designed microphone arrays and our experiments show that EarArray can detect inaudible voice commands with an accuracy of above 99% and recognize the direction of the attackers with an accuracy of 97.89% and can also detect the laser-based attack with an accuracy of 100%. IEEE
As more and more data is produced,finding a secure and efficient data access structure has become a major research *** centralized systems used by medical institutions for the management and transfer of Electronic Med...
详细信息
As more and more data is produced,finding a secure and efficient data access structure has become a major research *** centralized systems used by medical institutions for the management and transfer of Electronic Medical Records(EMRs)can be vulnerable to security and privacy threats,often lack interoperability,and give patients limited or no access to their own *** this paper,we first propose a privilege-based data access structure and incorporates it into an attribute-based encryption mechanism to handle the management and sharing of big data *** proposed privilege-based data access structure makes managing healthcare records using mobile healthcare devices efficient and feasible for large numbers of *** then propose a novel distributed multilevel EMR(d-EMR)management scheme,which uses blockchain to address security concerns and enables selective sharing of medical records among staff members that belong to different levels of a hierarchical *** deploy smart contracts on Ethereum blockchain and utilize a distributed storage system to alleviate the dependence on the record-generating institutions to manage and share patient *** preserve privacy of patient records,our smart contract is designed to allow patients to verify attributes prior to granting access *** provide extensive security,privacy,and evaluation analyses to show that our proposed scheme is both efficient and practical.
Two-photon microscopy provides sectioned excitation, but in practical settings, it often suffers from contrast limitations. Here, we report the observation of a strong acousto-optic modulation of two-photon excited fl...
详细信息
Two-photon microscopy provides sectioned excitation, but in practical settings, it often suffers from contrast limitations. Here, we report the observation of a strong acousto-optic modulation of two-photon excited fluorescence. Harnessing this effect yields enhanced image detail and contrast and improves optical sectioning in deep brain tissue in vivo. Ultrasound-modulation assisted multiphoton imaging(UMAMI) is compatible with standard multiphoton microscopes, without requiring changes to the optical path or image acquisition parameters.
Fault currents emanating from inverter-based resources(IBRs)are controlled to follow specific references to support the power grid during ***,these fault currents differ from the typical fault currents fed by synchron...
详细信息
Fault currents emanating from inverter-based resources(IBRs)are controlled to follow specific references to support the power grid during ***,these fault currents differ from the typical fault currents fed by synchronous generators,resulting in an improper operation of conventional phase selection methods(PSMs).In this paper,the relative angles between sequence voltages measured at the relay location are determined analytically in two stages:(1)a short-circuit analysis is performed at the fault location to determine the relative angles between sequence voltages;and(2)an analysis of the impact of transmission line on the phase difference between the sequence voltages of relay and fault is conducted for different IBR ***,new PSM zones based on relative angles between sequence voltages are devised to facilitate accurate PSM regardless of the fault currents,resistances,or locations of *** time-domain simulations confirm the accuracy of the proposed PSM with different fault locations,resistances,types,and currents.
Power semiconductor devices cascaded topology is one of the most common solutions for solid-state circuit breakers(SSCBs)working in medium-voltage DC ***,when the number of cascaded devices is large,current series tec...
详细信息
Power semiconductor devices cascaded topology is one of the most common solutions for solid-state circuit breakers(SSCBs)working in medium-voltage DC ***,when the number of cascaded devices is large,current series technologies of power semiconductor devices will be difficult to be applied since with uneven voltage sharing ***,this paper proposes a novel cascade method of multi-SiC JFETs based on modules *** method consists of two parts:one is a single-gate driver cascaded SiC JFETs topology which is used to form the module,the other one is an active clamp control strategy which ensures that each module is protected from overvoltage when modules are *** proposed cascade method can effectively suppress voltage overshoot of cascading power devices in the switching *** on the proposed cascade method,a 5kV/63A SSCB prototype is ***,an experiment is conducted based on the designed *** results validate the effectiveness of the proposed cascaded method for SSCB.
The accurate, extended period prediction of individual customer energy consumption is critical for utility providers. Machine learning techniques, particularly neural networks, have proven effective in predicting hous...
详细信息
Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological *** scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product(SBP).Emerging ...
详细信息
Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological *** scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product(SBP).Emerging single-shot 3D wide-field techniques offer a promising alternative but are bottlenecked by the synchronous readout constraints of conventional CMOS systems,thus restricting data throughput to maintain high SBP at limited frame *** address this,we introduce EventLFM,a straightforward and cost-effective system that overcomes these challenges by integrating an event camera with Fourier light field microscopy(LFM),a state-of-theart single-shot 3D wide-field imaging *** event camera operates on a novel asynchronous readout architecture,thereby bypassing the frame rate limitations inherent to conventional CMOS *** further develop a simple and robust event-driven LFM reconstruction algorithm that can reliably reconstruct 3D dynamics from the unique spatiotemporal measurements captured by *** results demonstrate that EventLFM can robustly reconstruct fast-moving and rapidly blinking 3D fluorescent samples at kHz frame ***,we highlight EventLFM’s capability for imaging of blinking neuronal signals in scattering mouse brain tissues and 3D tracking of GFP-labeled neurons in freely moving *** believe that the combined ultrafast speed and large 3D SBP offered by EventLFM may open up new possibilities across many biomedical applications.
The aircraft landing problem (ALP) is a challenging scheduling and optimization problem in the industry and engineering, which has attracted attention in recent decades. Existing research has predominantly concentrate...
详细信息
Perovskite solar cells have shown great potential in the field of underwater solar cells due to their excellent optoelectronic properties;however,their underwater performance and stability still hinder their practical...
详细信息
Perovskite solar cells have shown great potential in the field of underwater solar cells due to their excellent optoelectronic properties;however,their underwater performance and stability still hinder their practical *** this research,a 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate(HFDA)anti-reflection coating(ARC)was introduced as a high-transparent material for encapsulating perovskite solar modules(PSMs).Optical characterization results revealed that HFDA can effectively reduce reflection of light below 800 nm,aiding in the absorption of light within this wavelength range by underwater solar ***,a remarkable efficiency of 14.65%was achieved even at a water depth of 50 ***,the concentration of Pb^(2+)for HFDA-encapsulated film is significantly reduced from 186 to 16.5 ppb after being immersed in water for 347 ***,the encapsulated PSMs still remained above 80%of their initial efficiency after continuous underwater illumination for 400 ***,being exposed to air,the encapsulated PSMs maintained 94%of their original efficiency after 1000 h light *** highly transparent ARC shows great potentials in enhancing the stability of perovskite devices,applicable not only to underwater cells but also extendable to land-based photovoltaic devices.
This article focuses on enhancing the cybersecurity of cyber-physical systems, with a particular emphasis on the False Data Injection (FDI) attack within the Demand Response (DR) mechanism in smart grids. DR seeks to ...
详细信息
暂无评论