The motor unit (MU) physiology and the neural control of human movement can be studied via surface electromyogram (sEMG) decomposition techniques, which estimate the discharge times of MUs during a given contraction. ...
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While spin-orbit interaction has been extensively studied,few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta(OAMs).In this work,we study a new type of orbit-orbit coupling between the ...
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While spin-orbit interaction has been extensively studied,few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta(OAMs).In this work,we study a new type of orbit-orbit coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM carried by a three-dimensional(3D)spatiotemporal optical vortex(STOV)in the process of tight *** 3D STOV possesses orthogonal OAMs in the x-y,t-x,and y-t planes,and is preconditioned to overcome the spatiotemporal astigmatism effect.x,y,and t are the axes in the spatiotemporal *** corresponding focused wavepacket is calculated by employing the Debye diffraction theory,showing that a phase singularity ring is generated by the interactions among the transverse and longitudinal vortices in the highly confined *** Fourier-transform decomposition of the Debye integral is employed to analyze the mechanism of the orbit-orbit *** is the first revelation of coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM,paving the way for potential applications in optical trapping,laser machining,nonlinear light-matter interactions,and more.
Assistive lower limb exoskeleton robot has been developed to help paraplegic patients walk again.A gait planning method of this robot must be able to plan a gait based on gait parameters,which can be changed during th...
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Assistive lower limb exoskeleton robot has been developed to help paraplegic patients walk again.A gait planning method of this robot must be able to plan a gait based on gait parameters,which can be changed during the stride according to human intention or walking *** gait is usually planned in cartesian space,which has shortcomings such as singularities that may occur in inverse kinematics equations,and the angular velocity of the joints cannot be entered into the ***,it is vital to have a gait planning method in the joint *** this paper,a minimum-time and minimum-jerk planner is proposed for the robot *** do so,a third-order system is defined,and the cost function is introduced to minimize the jerk of the joints throughout the *** minimum time required is calculated to keep the angular velocity trajectory within the range specified by the motor’s maximum *** conditions of the joints are determined to secure backward balance and fulfill gait ***,the proposed gait planning method is tested by its implementation on the Exoped®exoskeleton.
Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) plays a pivotal role in intelligent vehicle systems, offering solutions for complex decision-making, coordination, and adaptive behavior among autonomous agents. This review ai...
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Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) plays a pivotal role in intelligent vehicle systems, offering solutions for complex decision-making, coordination, and adaptive behavior among autonomous agents. This review aims to highlight the importance of fostering trust in MARL and emphasize the significance of MARL in revolutionizing intelligent vehicle systems. First, this paper summarizes the fundamental methods of MARL. Second, it identifies the limitations of MARL in safety, robustness, generalization, and ethical constraints and outlines the corresponding research methods. Then we summarize their applications in intelligent vehicle systems. Considering human interaction is essential to practical applications of MARL in various domains, the paper also analyzes the challenges associated with MARL's applications in human-machine systems. These challenges, when overcome, could significantly enhance the real-world implementation of MARL-based intelligent vehicle systems. IEEE
Numerous biological timing mechanisms are associated with the duration required for key regulatory molecules to reach critical threshold levels. Recent studies have mainly explored how random fluctuations affect the t...
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This study presents experimental results showing that weak, extremely low frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields influence the growth rates of HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells in vitro and offers a theoretical explanation fo...
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Amidst the growing complexity of inverter-based power systems, the security of smart inverters is becoming increasingly critical, particularly for protecting power electronics components from counterfeit threats. Typi...
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Lack of attention is a chronic behavior in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other disorders that harm academic and social performance. ADHD is a disorder whose typic...
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Lack of attention is a chronic behavior in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other disorders that harm academic and social performance. ADHD is a disorder whose typical symptoms include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. They have a major impact on the affected person’s function and development. The electroencephalogram (EEG) device is a diagnostic tool, whereas the quantitative EEG (QEEG) device is a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for most mental disorders. QEEG applies the neurofeedback method in treatment. Neurofeedback is a technique for training brain functions and is an alternative to the traditional oral treatment of inattention disorders due to its numerous side effects. The proposed software can upgrade most EEG devices in hospitals and clinics into QEEGs capable of neurofeedback. The upgrading tools and stages are introduced in this study. The cost of upgrading an EEG device is 25 times less than the purchase price of a QEEG device. The EEG device (Open BCI) has been upgraded with MATLAB to function as a QEEG system, integrating a variety of feature extraction methods for inattention detection such as fractal dimension (FD), wavelet transform (WT), multi-resolution techniques (MR), and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) which signified a notable progress in the field. Furthermore, the implemented software is easily customizable to include any forthcoming superior techniques that may arise. Earlier research distinguished the differences between states of relaxation and concentration using a simple fixed threshold. In this paper, short training has been utilized to calculate adaptive thresholds to optimize individual effects. Different thresholding techniques were employed with the EMD_Dt technique to distinguish between focused and unfocused epochs. The adaptive threshold method results have been more accurate reaching the benchmark of 99.82%, as opposed to the fixed threshold method, which reach
Power line communication (PLC) systems enable information exchange over existing electric power grids at a low deployment cost. Such systems constitute a crucial component of smart grids. However, PLC is negatively af...
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Tuberculosis is a severe disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). In handling it, the sputum examination method was used because it is relatively cheap and easy. The importance of MT detection in medical per...
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