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2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2023

作者： Taraji, Mahboubeh Antoniades, Marco A. Toronto Metropolitan University Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering TorontoON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665442282

This paper presents a 2-by-2 horn slot antenna array at X-band. Metamaterial concepts are applied to the antenna design using printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) technology as a magnetic ground for the antenna array, which is excited by a 1-to-4 power divider. Each of the array power-divider branches excites a slot, while maintaining the impedance bandwidth of the original unloaded power divider. Directive horn antennas are used to control sidelobe levels and increase the gain. Simulation results demonstrate an impedance bandwidth of 23% and a gain of 12.7 dBi at 10 GHz, which is a significant improvement compared to an impedance bandwidth of less than 14% and a gain of 9.7 dBi for the antenna array without the horns. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Antenna arrays

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Wavy water-to-air optical camera communication system using rolling shutter image sensor and long short term memory neural network

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Optics Express 2024年第5期32卷 6814-6822页

作者： Tsai, Shang-Yen Chang, Yun-Han Chow, Chi-Wai Department of Photonics Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Photonics Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

We propose and experimentally demonstrate for the first time up to the authors' knowledge a wide field-of-view (FOV) water-to-air optical transmission using rolling-shutter (RS) based optical camera communication (OCC). Here, we evaluate the proposed OCC system without water ripple and with different percentage increases of water ripple. Long short term memory neural network (LSTM-NN) is utilized to mitigate the wavy water turbulence induced link outage and to decode 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM4) RS pattern by meeting the pre-forward error correction bit-error-rate (pre-FEC BER = 3.8 × 10-3). We also evaluate the FOVs of the proposed water-to-air RS-based OCC system. This can be implemented by using different angular rotations of the camera. Experimental results show that the proposed OCC system can support ±70°, ± 30°, and ±30° rotations around the z-, y- and x-directions, respectively when operated at 6 kbit/s and decoded using LSTM-NN. © 2024 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Real-Time Evaluation of Human Inertial properties in Immersive Simulators for Moth type Boats 6

Real-Time Evaluation of Human Inertial properties in Immersi...

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6th International Congress on Human-computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications, HORA 2024

作者： Todesca, Davide Sergenti, Carol Giulietti, Nicola Carnevale, Marco Dept. Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394634

The aim of this work is to present a system designed for real-time markerless evaluation of human inertial properties, to be used in a Human In The Loop (HITL) simulator of a Moth class sailboat. The method is based on human body pose estimation algorithm used for 3D skeleton reconstruction from a multi-camera acquisition. The exploitation of a markerless system enables ease of use compared to marker-based systems, and reduces signal’s disturbances compared to Inertia Measurement Units (IMUs) for body pose reconstruction. The use of multi-camera setup and the integration of YOLOv8-pose model results with image triangulation techniques reduce occlusion occurrence, measurements drift and complexity. The 3D pose obtained is then used to estimate the Center of Mass (CoM) position and the Tensor of Inertia (ToI) of the skipper. The system allows for a real-time computation of the inertial properties of the skipper, thus enabling a real-time update of the mass matrix of the numerical model running the human-in-the loop simulator. This study shows the results achievable by the system in terms of inertia estimation for different skipper’s poses, and compares the cases in which the skipper is modelled as a point mass with real-time position updates with the case in which the full inertia tensor of the skipper is considered. Results show how in contexts like those of Moth class sailboat simulators the possibility to take into account and to vary in real-time the tensor of inertia of the sailor increases the accuracy achievable in the dynamic simulation. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Cameras

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Beampattern Shaping in 4-D Imaging Automotive MIMO Radars

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems 2024年 2卷 752-766页

作者： Dorvash, Masoud Modarres-Hashemi, Mahmoud Alaee-Kerahroodi, Mohammad Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan*** Iran Luxembourg City1855 Luxembourg

This article presents a method for designing transmit beampattern in 4-D imaging automotive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radars, employing the distance between the designed and desired beampatterns as the design metric. Utilizing the lp -norm criteria, we consider a broader range of p values, specifically for p ≥ 2 and 0 © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Covariance matrix

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A 3.97 μW 11.2b 500 kS/s Hybrid SAR ADC via Time-Mode Signal Processing 66

A 3.97 μW 11.2b 500 kS/s Hybrid SAR ADC via Time-Mode Signa...

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2023 IEEE 66th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, MWSCAS 2023

作者： Perczak, Ian Yuan, Fei Toronto Metropolitan University Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering TorontoON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302103

This paper presents a 12b hybrid ADC consisting of a 8b successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with top-plate sampling, a variable-slope voltage-to-time converter with built-in absolute-value function, and a 3-stage cyclic gated Vernier TDC. The proposed ADC features the ability to accommodate a large input without sacrificing linearity, low power consumption, and technology compatibility. A number of techniques are proposed to improve performance and power efficiency of the ADC. These techniques include a sub-threshold delay-locked loop with pulsed control signals for clock generation, clock kickback reduction to minimize kickback and mismatch induced sensitivity loss of the comparator of the SAR ADC, a gated cyclic Vernier TDC to minimize the resolution loss caused by the improper injection of time inputs and a virtually unlimited dynamic range, a self-resetting arbiter with zero metastability window to improve the resolution of Vernier TDC, and a significantly simplified synchronous SAR for a better power/area efficiency. The ADC is designed in a TSMC 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology with a reduced supply voltage of 0.8 V and analyzed using Spectre with BSIM3.3 device models. Simulation results show that at 500 kS/s, the ADC offers a SNDR of 69.04 dB and ENOB of 11.17 while consuming 3.70 μW, yielding a Walden FOM of 3.21 fJ/conv. © 2023 IEEE.

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Bidirectional Photoelectric Response of Perovskite Oxide-Based Synaptic ReRAM Device

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2024年第3期45卷 384-387页

作者： Shrivastava, Saransh Limantoro, Stephen Ekaputra Juliano, Hans Tseng, Tseung-Yuen Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

Photo sensing capability of an artificial synaptic device make it more valuable for brain-inspired computing systems, which can conquer the von Neumann bottleneck. In this letter, Ba0.7 Sr0.3 TiO3 (BST) based single layered resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device is proposed with its four different photoelectric applications. First, bidirectional photoelectric response (BPR) is achieved via 405 and 633 nm wavelengths stimulation. Second, this novel BPR contributes to the emulation of light potentiation, and light depression behaviors. Third, an important neurological behavior 'experience dependent plasticity (EDP)' is mimicked by frequency modulation of 405 nm light pulse. Fourth, ultra-high (>200%) indices of post-tetanic potentiation and depression (PTP/PTD) are achieved by amplifying the device conductance as a result of two different pulse train stimulations. A convolutional neural network is designed to classify Zalando's article images with a test accuracy of 87.7%. These results provide an opportunity for the development of multi-wavelength dependent multifunctional artificial brain-inspired systems. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Nonlinear coupling of closely spaced modes in atomically thin MoS2 nanoelectromechanical resonators

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第6期10卷 581-591页

作者： S M Enamul Hoque Yousuf Steven W.Shaw Philip X.-L.Feng Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFL 32901USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Physics and AstronomyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48423USA

Nanoelectromechanical systems(NEMS)incorporating atomic or molecular layer van der Waals materials can support multimode resonances and exotic nonlinear *** we investigate nonlinear coupling of closely spaced modes in a bilayer(2L)molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))nanoelectromechanical *** model the response from a drumhead resonator using equations of two resonant modes with a dispersive coupling term to describe the vibration induced frequency shifts that result from the induced change in *** employ method of averaging to solve the equations of coupled modes and extract an expression for the nonlinear coupling coefficient(λ)in closed *** thermomechanical noise spectral measurements are used to calibrate the vibration amplitude of mode 2(a_(2))in the displacement *** drive mode 2 near its natural frequency and measure the shifted resonance frequency of mode 1(f_(1s))resulting from the dispersive *** model yieldsλ=0.027±0.005 pm^(-2)·μs^(-2) from thermomechanical noise measurement of mode *** model also captures an anomalous frequency shift of the undriven mode 1 due to nonlinear coupling to the driven mode 2 mediated by large dynamic *** study provides a direct means to quantifyingλby measuring the thermomechanical noise in NEMS and will be valuable for understanding nonlinear mode coupling in emerging resonant systems.

关键词： dynamics coupling nonlinear

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Uncertainty quantification in large language models through convex hull analysis

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2024年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Catak, Ferhat Ozgur Kuzlu, Murat Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Stavanger Rogaland Norway Department of Engineering Technology Old Dominion University NorfolkVA United States

Uncertainty quantification approaches have been more critical in large language models (LLMs), particularly high-risk applications requiring reliable outputs. However, traditional methods for uncertainty quantification, such as probabilistic models and ensemble techniques, face challenges when applied to the complex and high-dimensional nature of LLM-generated outputs. This study proposes a novel geometric approach to uncertainty quantification using convex hull analysis. The proposed method leverages the spatial properties of response embeddings to measure the dispersion and variability of model outputs. The prompts are categorized into three types, i.e., ’easy’, ’moderate’, and ’confusing’, to generate multiple responses using different LLMs at varying temperature settings. The responses are transformed into high-dimensional embeddings via a BERT model and subsequently projected into a two-dimensional space using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Isomap, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). The Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is utilized to cluster the embeddings and compute the convex hull for each selected cluster. The experimental results indicate that the uncertainty of the model for LLMs depends on the prompt complexity, the model, and the temperature setting. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Embeddings

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Decentralized Federated Deep Learning Image Recognition Models 4

Decentralized Federated Deep Learning Image Recognition Mode...

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4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Control, AIRC 2023

作者： Kugan, Sharun Islam, Md Quyyum Ul Kashef, Rasha Toronto Metropolitan University Department of Electrical Computer Biomedical Engineering Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348248

In the era of IoT, numerous frameworks and cutting-edge models have been introduced to enhance user experience and privacy and reduce the risk of data breaches. Over time, IoT device usage has grown tremendously, and a flood of data has been sent to servers for processing. Federated learning has been deployed for efficient decentralization while preserving privacy. Federated learning has been applied in various IoT-related applications such as image classification, object segmentation, object detection, and sensor analytics. Existing centralized image recognition models fall short of providing accurate image classification with acceptable processing time for real-time deployment while preserving privacy. In this paper, we designed two decentralized deep learning models using federated learning, the CNN-TFF and the VGG16-TFF. With around 250 training iterations, we achieved a high accuracy rate of up to 90% with a decrease in the loss value for the CIFAR-100 dataset using the VGG16-TFF model while maintaining data privacy using federated learning. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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Compton Camera for 3D SPECT Imaging 15

Compton Camera for 3D SPECT Imaging

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15th SPIE Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography

作者： Liang, Yuxuan Li, Mengzhou Han, Shuo Yu, Hengyong Wang, Ge Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 12180 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell01854 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679641

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is commonly used with radioiodine scintigraphy to evaluate patients with multiple diseases such as thyroid cancer. The clinical gamma camera for SPECT contains a mechanical collimator that greatly compromises dose efficiency and limits diagnostic performance. The Compton camera is emerging as a promising alternative for mapping the distribution of radio-pharmaceuticals in the thyroid, since the Compton camera does not require mechanical collimation and in principle does not reject gamma ray photons. In this study, a high-efficiency tomographic imaging system is designed with a Compton camera for thyroid cancer imaging. A Timepix3-based Compton camera is selected for collecting gamma photons emitted from an I-131 phantom, and the backprojection filtration algorithm is applied for image reconstruction. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the Compton camera for high efficiency SPECT imaging and also the limitations that need further efforts to address. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Single photon emission computed tomography

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