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IMU-Trans: imputing missing motion capture data with unsupervised transformers

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第7期37卷 5699-5717页

作者： Avdan, Goksu Onal, Sinan Lu, Chao Department of Engineering Technology Missouri Western State University St. JosephMO64507 United States Department of Industrial Engineering Southern Illinois University Edwardsville EdwardsvilleIL62026 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Southern Illinois University Carbondale CarbondaleIL62901 United States

Motion capture (mocap) systems are extensively utilized in healthcare for monitoring rehabilitation programs, facilitating clinical gait assessments for early Alzheimer’s diagnosis, managing walking disorders, and developing exoskeleton suits. However, like many other healthcare technologies, mocap systems have some flaws, like missing markers and occlusions. Given mocap data’s sequential and temporal nature, understanding marker relationships and capturing global dependencies are crucial for effective human motion recovery applications. To address these challenges, we proposed an unsupervised transformers framework for human motion recovery, called IMU-Trans. We evaluated our framework’s generalizability across two clinical datasets and tested its robustness by adjusting the missing marker rates, comparing its performance against low-dimensional Kalman filtering, long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models. Our experimental results demonstrated that IMU-Trans outperforms state-of-the-art models by training in an unsupervised manner. The closest competitor, GRU, demonstrated an RMSE of 1.35 ± 0.82, 2.36 ± 1.26, 3.43 ± 1.73, and 4.39 ± 2.18 cm for 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% missing rates, respectively. IMU-Trans outperformed GRU with an RMSE of 1.26 ± 0.60, 2.06 ± 0.88, 2.68 ± 1.04, and 3.05 ± 1.22 for the same rates. Notably, our framework performs well even with higher missing data rates, creating opportunities for advancements in data analytics and indicating a promising future for motion capture in healthcare. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Exoskeleton (Robotics)

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FSIW Cavity-Based Self-Packaging Filtering Slot Antennas with Wide-Stopband and High Frequency Selectivity

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IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2025年第6期73卷 3503-3516页

作者： Zhou, Xin Zhang, Gang Tam, Kam-Weng Pang, Ziyu Zhang, Zhuowei Lin, Huawei Hong, Jiasheng University of Macau Faculty of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering China Nanjing Normal University School of Electrical and Automation Engineering Nanjing210046 China Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing School of Electrical and Automation Engineering Nanjing210046 China Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering EdinburghEH14 4AS United Kingdom

This article proposes a novel design approach for miniaturized, highly selective, self-packaged, and wide-stopband filtering slot antennas based on C- and T-type folded substrate integrated waveguide (C-/T-FSIW) cavities. Firstly, two forms of FSIW cavity are explored and analyzed. A new coupled C-type half-mode FSIW (C-HMFSIW) cavities are developed. A filtering antenna is proposed, employing a C-HMFSIW cavity for feeding and a slot-loaded C-FSIW cavity for radiation. By introducing cross-coupling between different resonators, a radiation null (RN) is achieved. To further enhance bandwidth and frequency selectivity, a new antenna configuration is developed using a C-HMFSIW cavity for feeding and a slot-loaded T-FSIW cavity for radiation. After loading the radiation slot, the T-FSIW cavity serves as two parts: one as the main radiator and the other as a parasitic radiator opposite to it. This configuration increases antenna bandwidth and generates an additional RN. Interestingly, adjusting the position of the radiation slot allows the RN to switch between the upper and lower stopbands. The antennas proposed in this work exhibit good stopband performance and compact size. Three filtering antenna prototypes are designed, fabricated, and measured, showing consistent results between measurements and simulations. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Radiators

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Fabrication Techniques for Multilayer Printed Flexible Hybrid Sensor Systems

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2024年第5期3卷 181-189页

作者： Pravin Kachhadiya, Jeneel Tewani, Hridyesh Prabhakar, Pavana Andrews, Joesph B. University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MadisonWI53706 United States University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering MadisonWI53706 United States University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering MadisonWI53706 United States University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MadisonWI53706 United States

Additive manufacturing holds the potential to revolutionize circuit fabrication and enable the widespread adoption of printed electronics, particularly in flexible applications, such as wearable or conformable electronic sensing systems. However, realizing practical circuits with multilayer interconnects or vertical interconnect accesses (VIAs) using additive methods, flexible substrates pose significant challenges. In this study, we systematically evaluate four different methods for fabricating VIAs in flexible printed circuits: soldered, printed, conductive epoxy, and zero-ohm jumper VIAs. Through comprehensive testing involving various levels of bending strains, we measure changes in conductive properties and mechanical integrity to validate each method. Our results indicate that printed VIAs exhibit the most desirable properties compared to other methods, with a baseline resistance of approximately 0.9~\Omega and a change of approximately 7% when subjected to a bending radius of 12 mm. Additionally, cyclic bending tests and tensile strength test were exclusively carried out on the printed VIAs to evaluate their resilience under bending and tensile strains. Leveraging the superior performance of printed VIAs, we successfully manufacture a fully conformable impact sensing system capable of adhering to a sports ball, thereby demonstrating their effectiveness in practical applications. This study underscores the utility and potential of multilayer flexible PCB fabrication using additive printing technology, highlighting its significance in advancing the development of innovative electronic systems with enhanced flexibility and reliability. The findings presented herein offer valuable insights into the optimization of VIA fabrication methods and their implications for the design and deployment of flexible electronic devices in diverse real-world scenarios. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Flexible electronics

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Ultrasound-based AI for COVID-19 detection: a comprehensive review of public and private lung ultrasound datasets and studies

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-55页

作者： Morshed, Abrar Al Shihab, Abdulla Jahin, Md Abrar Al Nahian, Md Jaber Hossain Sarker, Md Murad Ibne Wadud, Md Sharjis Uddin, Mohammad Istiaq Imtiaz Siraji, Muntequa Anjum, Nafisa Shristy, Sumiya Rajjab Rahman, Tanvin Khatun, Mahmuda Rubel Dewan, Md Hossain, Mosaddeq Sultana, Razia Chakma, Ripel Emon, Sonet Barua Islam, Towhidul Hussain, Mohammad Arafat Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Dhaka1208 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Telecommunication Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Khulna9203 Bangladesh Okinawa904-0412 Japan Department of Information and Communication Technology Bangladesh University of Professionals Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology Comilla University Cumilla3506 Bangladesh Department of Biomedical Physics and Technology University of Dhaka Dhaka1000 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong Chittagong4318 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Islamic University of Technology Gazipur1704 Bangladesh Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong4349 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Notre Dame University Bangladesh Dhaka1000 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology Khulna9203 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka1209 Bangladesh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka1209 Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Jahangirnagar University Dhaka1342 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology Gazipur1707 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali3814 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Northern University Bangladesh Dhaka1230 Bangladesh Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA02

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people globally, with respiratory organs being strongly affected in individuals with comorbidities. Medical imaging-based diagnosis and prognosis have become increasingly popular in clinical settings for detecting COVID-19 lung infections. Among various medical imaging modalities, ultrasound stands out as a low-cost, mobile, and radiation-safe imaging technology. In this comprehensive review, we focus on AI-driven studies utilizing lung ultrasound (LUS) for COVID-19 detection and analysis. We provide a detailed overview of both publicly available and private LUS datasets and categorize the AI studies according to the dataset they used. Additionally, we systematically analyzed and tabulated the studies across various dimensions, including data preprocessing methods, AI models, cross-validation techniques, and evaluation metrics. In total, we reviewed 60 articles, 41 of which utilized public datasets, while the remaining employed private data. Our findings suggest that ultrasound-based AI studies for COVID-19 detection have great potential for clinical use, especially for children and pregnant women. Our review also provides a useful summary for future researchers and clinicians who may be interested in the field. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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A Study on the Modeling of the 154 kV Power System and the Prevention of Reverse Transmission in the Incheon Airport Area

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of electrical Engineers 2023年第11期72卷 1502-1506页

作者： Kim, Kwonchul Kim, Insu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inha University Korea Republic of

Yeongjongdo Island, where Incheon Airport is located, has six 154 kV substations, including Yeongjong, Jungsan and Eurwang substations, which are under the control of Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), and A, B and C substations, which are under the control of Incheon Airport Corp. Since Incheon Airport Corp. is not a "district power supplier," it cannot supply power to KEPCO. Therefore, Incheon Airport Corp. has to pay the electricity bill, including the unused electricity, when the reverse transmission occurs. When the load of Eulwang substation, which is located at the end of the system, increases, reverse transmission of power from "C" to Eulwang substation may occur. To prevent reverse transmission power, power flow analysis and countermeasures are required. In this paper, ETAP, a power system analysis program, was used to present the modeling of six 154 kV substations and transmission lines in Yeongjongdo area, and to confirm the conditions and preventive measures for reverse power transmission. Copyright © The Korean Institute of electrical Engineers.

关键词： Airports

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3D Cooperative Positioning Via RIS and Sidelink Communications With Zero Access Points

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第7期24卷 6119-6136页

作者： Ammous, Mustafa Chen, Hui Wymeersch, Henk Valaee, Shahrokh University of Toronto Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TorontoONM5S 3G4 Canada Chalmers University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Gothenburg412 58 Sweden

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are expected to be a main component of future 6 G networks due to their capability to create a controllable wireless environment, achieve extended coverage, and improve localization accuracy. In this paper, we present a novel cooperative positioning use case of the RIS in mmWave frequencies and show that in the presence of RIS, together with sidelink communications, localization with zero access points (APs) is possible. We show that multiple (at least three) half-duplex single-antenna user equipments (UEs) can cooperatively estimate their positions through device-to-device communications with a single RIS as an anchor without the need for any APs. We start by formulating a three-dimensional positioning problem with Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) derived for performance analysis. After that, we discuss the RIS profile design and the power allocation strategy between the UEs. Then, we propose low-complexity estimators for estimating the channel parameters and UEs' positions. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators and RIS profiles in the considered scenario via extensive simulations and show that sub-meter level positioning accuracy can be achieved under multi-path propagation. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cooperative communication

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High data-rate two-three inputs all-optical and gate based on FWM in highly nonlinear fiber

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Journal of Optical Communications 2024年第3期45卷 513-522页

作者： Sabbar, Adnan Abdulnabi, Saif Hasan Fakhruldeen, Hassan Falah Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Kufa Kufa Iraq Computer Techniques Engineering Department Faculty of Information Technology Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Iraq Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Kufa Kufa Iraq Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq

In this paper, two-and-three channel all-optical AND logic gates based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber for 120 Gbps on-off keying signals were designed, simulated, and investigated. Simulation results show low bit error rate and consequently fairly high Q-factor at the receiving end in both two and three inputs AND gates, as well as the logic operation, is confirmed by the open eye diagrams with moderate power penalties for both designs. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Four wave mixing

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Aircraft Simulation in Game Development Using Reinforcement Learning 4

Aircraft Simulation in Game Development Using Reinforcement ...

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4th International Conference on Robotics, electrical and Signal Processing Techniques, ICREST 2025

作者： Redwan Talha, Md. Navid Hassan, Tonmoy Sabab, Al Mithila, Shaila Sharmin Ahmed, Syed Hasib Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Plot # 15 Dhaka1229 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bangladesh Dhaka1229 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sylhet Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530938

The progress in technology has provided opportunities for innovative solutions to intricate challenges. One possible method is employing reinforcement learning to model flying trajectories in intricate environments. Game development is a discipline that involves intricate reasoning and dynamic interplay between the user and the game environment. By employing several gaming engines, developers are now able to replicate real-life situations through the implementation of diverse machine learning methods. Aircraft simulation in game creation using reinforcement learning involves creating a visual depiction of real-life settings where aircraft may navigate complex environments without direct input from a human user. Currently, reinforcement learning is not widely applied in game development, particularly in simulation-based path finding techniques. This algorithm approaches possess the efficacy and capacity to generate sophisticated neural networks capable of directing an agent to do certain tasks. The aim of this project is to create aircraft simulations for game development by utilizing reinforcement-learning techniques, so that it can provide a foundational idea of the usage of this algorithm in path-detection based decision-making techniques. The goal is to demonstrate the effectiveness of reinforcement learning in a real-world scenario, where the aircraft independently assesses and selects its flying trajectory. The system will undergo testing in three distinct phases, involving the utilization of Blender3D, Unity 3D, and Anaconda prompts. The results will then be compared using TensorFlow. Several training sessions will be conducted in various environments using the Anaconda environment to optimize the outcomes. In the latter stages of development, a dynamic user interface will be implemented to enhance the user's experience. The method is anticipated to produce 152% improved AI-trained data, which can be utilized for constructing extensive simulation and game-proj

关键词： Flight simulators

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Correntropy-Based Data Selective Adaptive Filtering

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 2024年第2期71卷 754-766页

作者： Chien, Ying-Ren Wu, Sheng-Teng Tsao, Hen-Wai Diniz, Paulo S.R. Adaptive and Autonomous Communication Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering National Ilan University Yilan City260007 Taiwan College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Program of Electrical Engineering Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering COPPE/Poli Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro68504 Brazil

Data selection can be used in conjunction with adaptive filtering algorithms to avoid unnecessary weight updating and thereby reduce computational overhead. This paper presents a novel correntropy-based data selection method as an alternative to conventional data selection mechanisms based on squared error values. We developed a variable correntropy sensing algorithm to maximize the instantaneous correntropy function for the Gaussian kernel function to mitigate the impact of impulse noise and other forms of noise that can be disregarded in data selection. The proposed data selection mechanism can be implemented with any adaptive filtering algorithm. In simulations, the proposed method (implemented with the least mean squared algorithm) outperformed comparable error-based data selection schemes in terms of hit rate and miss rate, and the resulting weight updating ratio was close to the expected weight updating ratio. © 2023 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.

关键词： Adaptive filters

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Secured IIoT against trust deficit - A flexi cryptic approach

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 5625-5652页

作者： Padmapriya, V.M. Thenmozhi, K. Hemalatha, M. Thanikaiselvan, V. Lakshmi, C. Chidambaram, Nithya Rengarajan, Amirtharajan Department of Computer Sciences Marquette University MilwaukeeWI53233 United States School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur613401 India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah22254 Saudi Arabia School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore632014 India

This research allows the secure surveillance approach for the Internet of Things (IoT) methodology to be developed by integrating wireless signalling and image encryption strategy. Since the Cloud Service Telco (CST) is a semi-trusted body in cloud services, user data is encrypted before uploading to a cloud server for data protection from disclosure. The flexibility of encrypted data sharing is essential for cloud storage users. This study investigates the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) technique with modified Huffman compression and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). It encrypts and decrypts the data and enhances industrial security surveillance in transmission. It uses the wireless network’s next generation (5G or 6G) as uplink Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) strategies via the IoT. This study presented a novel approach to proposing hardware architecture for a secure web camera integrated with the Atmel in the mega AVR family (ATMEGA) microcontroller, suitable for IoT applications. The experimental results confirm the proposed model’s efficacy compared with existing robustness and security analysis algorithms. These systems are also used by implementing industry-standard protocols using IoTs to monitor industrial applications. The proposed framework can also minimise bandwidth, transmission cost, storage space, tracking data, and decisions about abnormal events such as potential fraud and extinguisher detection in surveilling applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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