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Detecting and classifying breast masses via YOLO-based deep learning

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Karaca Aydemir, Büşra Kübra Telatar, Ziya Güney, Selda Dengiz, Berna Department of Biomedical Engineering Baskent University Ankara Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Baskent University Ankara Turkey Department of Industrial Engineering Baskent University Ankara Turkey

Breast cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate in the female population. Mammography is the most reliable method for early and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer. Automated detection and classification of breast masses on mammograms is a challenging task and is essential to assist radiologists in accurately diagnosing breast masses. The aim of this study is to develop a computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system based on You Look Only Once (YOLO) for identifying breast masses and classifying them as benign or malignant. We propose a YOLOv5-CAD framework that uses a transfer learning approach. Two datasets, CBIS-DDSM and VinDr-Mammo, are utilized for training from scratch. The model weights and parameters are subsequently transferred and fine-tuned onto the smaller INBreast dataset. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted to assess the impact of various data augmentation techniques during the training phase on enhancing model performance. The proposed framework demonstrates encouraging fivefold cross-validation evaluation results. To conclude, transfer learning from CBIS-DDSM achieves 0.843 mAP, precision of 0.855, recall of 0.774, while transfer learning from VinDr- Mammo reaches 0.84 mAP, precision of 0.829, recall of 0.787. Furthermore, the performance of the two fine-tuned models was tested on both the MIAS dataset and the private dataset from Başkent University Ankara Hospital. Such promising performance could be useful for the CAD frameworks being developed to support radiologists as a second opinion reader for the detection and classification of breast masses. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Low-profile,low sidelobe array antenna with ultrawide beam coverage for UAV communication

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 444-454页

作者： Mei LI Zhiliang SHANG Lin PU Ming-Chun TANG Lei ZHU School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MacaoMacao SAR 999078China

This paper presents a design method to implement an antenna array characterized by ultra-wide beam coverage,low profile,and low Sidelobe Level(SLL)for the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)air-to-ground *** array consists of ten broadside-radiating,ultrawide-beamwidth elements that are cascaded by a central-symmetry series-fed network with tapered currents following Dolph-Chebyshev distribution to provide low ***,an innovative design of end-fire Huygens source antenna that is compatible with metal ground is presented.A low-profile,half-mode Microstrip Patch Antenna(MPA)is utilized to serve as the magnetic dipole and a monopole is utilized to serves as the electric dipole,constructing the compact,end-fire,grounded Huygens source ***,two opposite-oriented end-fire Huygens source antennas are seamlessly integrated into a single antenna element in the form of monopole-loaded MPA to accomplish the ultrawide,broadside-radiating *** consideration has been applied into the design of series-fed network as well as antenna element to compensate the adverse coupling effects between elements on the radiation *** indicates an ultrawide Half-Power Beamwidth(HPBW)of 161°and a low SLL of-25 dB with a high gain of 12 d Bi under a single-layer *** concurrent ultrawide beamwidth and low SLL make it particularly attractive for applications of UAV air-to-ground communication.

关键词： Array antenna Broad beam Fan beam Low sidelobe level Chebyshev synthesis UAV communication

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A community-based simulated annealing approach with a new structure-based neighborhood search to identify influential nodes in social networks

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Soft Computing 2025年第3期29卷 1567-1585页

作者： Abyaneh, Farzaneh Rajaee Charkari, Nasrollah Moghadam Roayaei, Mehdy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Shahid Chamran Highway Tehran Iran

Identifying influential nodes has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Because of the weak tradeoff between accuracy and running time, and ignoring the community structure by the proposed algorithms in the past research studies, further studies in this area are required. In this paper, we consider communities and also use a novel structure-based neighborhood search to improve exploration strategy of the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. Moreover, we use the k-shell method for generating a better initial solution instead of random generation. In the proposed algorithm called Ckshell-SA, first, the communities are detected, then the k-shell method is used in each community to find initial candidate nodes locally. Finally, SA algorithm is applied with a neighborhood search that considers the structural properties of the network, and three centralities to find the influential nodes globally. A derivative of the Ckshell-SA method called kshell-SA is also introduced in this paper to examine the impact of considering communities. Unlike the Ckshell-SA, the community structure is neglected, and the k-shell is performed on the whole network in kshell-SA algorithm. Extensive experiments are conducted on eight real-world networks under Independent Cascade Model (IC) and Weighted Independent Cascade Model (WC). The results show that the Ckshell-SA and kshell-SA algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms concerning influence spread. Furthermore, the results show that Ckshell-SA is more efficient in networks like Facebook with a high Power Law exponent and higher modularity. On the contrary, kshell-SA is more successful in networks like Slashdot or Epinions with lower modularity. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Simulated annealing

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A Mathematical and Dynamical Model for Analyzing H-Shaped PM Vernier Motor for Electric Motorcycle Mid-Drive Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 529-543页

作者： Ghods, Mehrage Faiz, Jawad Bazrafshan, Mohammad Amin Gorginpour, Hamed Toulabi, Mohammad Sedigh University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran*** Iran Persian Gulf University Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Bushehr*** Iran Oakland University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RochesterMI48309 United States

The permanent magnet (PM) Vernier machines enhance torque density and decrease cogging torque compared to conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor. This paper presents a novel fractional-slot H-shaped PM Vernier machines, which incorporates unique design for the PM housing and rotor core construction. These designs are specifically optimized for the small-scale electric vehicles application. The choice of the PM arrangement is based on the combination of V-shaped and spoke-array PM topologies. The aim is to achieve a higher torque density than V-shaped PM machines, while reducing cogging torque compared to spoke-array PM machines. By using this methodology, leakage fluxes in the terminal region of the PMs reduce, resulting in an augmentation of both flux-linkage and power factor. A prototype 680 W motor was fabricated with 12 slots and 8 poles to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. Mathematical model and dynamical analysis are proposed for the analytical prediction of machine performance. Due to the unique shape feature of the machine, the conformal mapping approach is applied to design the rotor core. To validate the model, the predicted performance of the motor was compared with those obtained by finite element analysis and experiments. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Nonlinear observer-based state-of-charge balancing of networked battery energy storage systems

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Journal of Control and Decision 2025年第1期12卷 49-64页

作者： Tingyang Meng Zongli Lin Yan Wan Yacov A.Shamash Charles L.Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas at ArlingtonFort WorthTXUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA

In this paper,we propose an observer-based algorithm for balancing the state-of-charge(SoC)among battery units in a battery energy storage system(BESS).The dynamical behaviour of a battery unit is approximated by an equivalent circuit model,based on which a nonlinear SoC observer can be *** distribution laws are designed for the battery units according to the states of the battery units,the average battery state,and the average power *** estimation algorithms for the average battery state and the average power demand,as well as SoC observers,are constructed to implement *** BESS is shown to achieve SoC balancing among all its battery units while satisfying the power demand,as long as mild conditions on the underlying communication network and on the power demand are *** results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Microgrids networked battery energy storage systems power distribution state-of-charge balancing equivalent circuit model nonlinear observer

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Impact of birefringence loss on quartz-based optical waveguides in the mid-infrared spectrum

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第5期57卷 1-17页

作者： Hummam, Zahraa Vahed, Hamid Pourziad, Ali Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Mustansiriyah University Baghdad Iraq

The research investigates the impact of birefringence loss in quartz-based mid-infrared photonic waveguides over various wavelength ranges. The analysis of three specified wavelength ranges from 1 to 12 µm assesses critical optical parameters such as effective index, loss, group index, TE polarization percentage, and effective area. Polarizing balancing results in increased losses in modes with reduced TE polarization fractions, hence significantly diminishing the scattering loss rates. By employing suitable area modifications, one can enhance mode confinement and hence mitigate loss escalation induced by the magnetic field. Field dispersion is affected by birefringence phenomena about the appropriate area size. The waveguides exhibit low dispersion and minimal pulse broadening while maintaining a nearly uniform group index across all supported modes. Quartz-based waveguides are suitable for optical communication, sensing applications, and spectroscopic solutions, operating within a wavelength range of 1.55–3 µm. The numerical simulation of optical properties is conducted to ensure precise evaluation of waveguide performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Fiber to the x

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Polarization-encodable photonic memory cells using nextgeneration 2D phase-change materials

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Nano Research 2025年第3期18卷 510-518页

作者： Amin Shafiee Linhong Chen Mahdi Nikdast Jie Yao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Integration of phase-change materials(PCMs)created a unique opportunity to implement reconfigurable photonics devices that their performance can be tuned depending on the target *** PCMs such as Ge-Sb-Te(GST)and Ge-Sb-Se-Te(GSST)rely on melt-quench and high temperature annealing processes to change the organization of the molecules in the materials’*** a reorganization leads to different optical,electrical,and thermal properties which can be exploited to implement photonic memory cells that are able to store the data at different resistance or optical transmission *** the great promise of conventional PCMs for realizing reconfigurable photonic memories,their slow and extremely power-hungry thermal mechanisms make scaling the systems based on such devices *** addition,such materials do not offer a stable multi-level response over a long period of *** address these shortcomings,the research carried out in this study shows the proof of concept to implement next-generation photonic memory cells based on two-dimensional(2D)birefringence PCMs such as SnSe,which offer anisotropic optical properties that can be switched *** demonstrate that by leveraging the ultrafast and low-power crystallographic direction change of the material,the optical polarization state of the input optical signal can be *** enables the implementation of next-generation high-speed polarization-encodable photonic memory cells for future photonic computing *** to the conventional PCMs,the proposed SnSe-based photonic memory cells offer an ultrafast switching and low-loss optical response relying on ferroelectric property of SnSe to encode the data on the polarization state of the input optical *** a polarization encoding scheme also reduces memory read-out errors and alleviates the scalability limitations due to the optical insertion loss often seen in optical transmission encoding.

关键词： ferroelectric materials phase-change materials photonic memory optical storage cells polarization encodable photonic memories optical polarization

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Representing a Model for the Anonymization of Big Data Stream Using In-Memory Processing

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Annals of Data Science 2025年第1期12卷 223-252页

作者： Shamsinejad, Elham Banirostam, Touraj Pedram, Mir Mohsen Rahmani, Amir Masoud Department of Computer Engineering Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kharazmi University Tehran Iran Department of Computer Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

In light of the escalating privacy risks in the big data era, this paper introduces an innovative model for the anonymization of big data streams, leveraging in-memory processing within the Spark framework. The approach is founded on the principle of K-anonymity and propels the field forward by critically evaluating various anonymization methods and algorithms, benchmarking their performance with respect to time and space complexities. A distinctive formula for optimized cluster determination in the K-means algorithm is presented, along with a novel tuple expiration time strategy for the efficient purging of clusters. The integration of these components into Spark’s RDD and MLlib modules results in a significant decrease in execution time and data loss rates, even with increasing data volumes. The paper’s notable contributions are its methodological advancements that offer a robust, scalable solution for data anonymization, safeguarding user privacy without sacrificing data utility or processing efficiency. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Big data

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A Review of Anonymization Algorithms and Methods in Big Data

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Annals of Data Science 2025年第1期12卷 253-279页

In the era of big data, with the increase in volume and complexity of data, the main challenge is how to use big data while preserving the privacy of users. This study was conducted with the aim of finding a solution to this challenge. In this study, we examined various data anonymization methods, including differential privacy, advanced encryption, and strong access controls. In addition, the operation, advantages, disadvantages, and use of these methods, the challenges of adapting these methods to big data, and possible solutions for them were also examined. Our results show that traditional data anonymization methods lack scalability, leading to privacy breaches and data loss. When faced with large volumes of data, these methods may not be able to fully process the data. Also, these methods may be ineffective against re-identification attacks, linkage attacks, and inference attacks. We introduced emerging methods that are capable of providing improved privacy with minimal data loss. These methods have scalability for big data. Finally, we examined future research works and raised important questions that can help improve existing algorithms or develop new methods, better manage the complexity and scale of unstructured data. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Big data

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TPUXtract: An Exhaustive Hyperparameter Extraction Framework

IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Sys...

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IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems 2025年第1期2025卷 78-103页

作者： Kurian, Ashley Dubey, Anuj Yaman, Ferhat Aysu, Aydin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University United States

Model stealing attacks on AI/ML devices undermine intellectual property rights, compromise the competitive advantage of the original model developers, and potentially expose sensitive data embedded in the model’s behavior to unauthorized parties. While previous research works have demonstrated successful side-channelbased model recovery in embedded microcontrollers and FPGA-based accelerators, the exploration of attacks on commercial ML accelerators remains largely unexplored. Moreover, prior side-channel attacks fail when they encounter previously unknown models. This paper demonstrates the first successful model extraction attack on the Google Edge Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), an off-the-shelf ML accelerator. Specifically, we show a hyperparameter stealing attack that can extract al l layer configurations including the layer type, number of nodes, kernel/filter sizes, number of filters, strides, padding, and activation function. Most notably, our attack is the first comprehensive attack that can extract previously unseen models. This is achieved through an online template-building approach instead of a pre-trained ML-based approach used in prior works. Our results on a black-box Google Edge TPU evaluation show that, through obtained electromagnetic traces, our proposed framework can achieve 99.91% accuracy, making it the most accurate one to date. Our findings indicate that attackers can successfully extract various types of models on a black-box commercial TPU with utmost detail and call for countermeasures. © 2025, Ruhr-University of Bochum. All rights reserved.

关键词： Network security

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