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Anneal-free ultra-low loss silicon nitride integrated photonics

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1565-1577页

作者： Debapam Bose Mark W.Harrington Andrei Isichenko Kaikai Liu Jiawei Wang Nitesh Chauhan Zachary L.Newman Daniel J.Blumenthal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Octave Photonics LouisvilleCO 80027USA

Heterogeneous and monolithic integration of the versatile low-loss silicon nitride platform with low-temperature materials such as silicon electronics and photonics,III–V compound semiconductors,lithium niobate,organics,and glasses has been inhibited by the need for high-temperature annealing as well as the need for different process flows for thin and thick *** techniques are needed to maintain the state-of-the-art losses,nonlinear properties,and CMOS-compatible processes while enabling this next generation of 3D silicon nitride *** report a significant advance in silicon nitride integrated photonics,demonstrating the lowest losses to date for an anneal-free process at a maximum temperature 250℃,with the same deuterated silane based fabrication flow,for nitride and oxide,for an order of magnitude range in nitride thickness without requiring stress mitigation or *** report record low anneal-free losses for both nitride core and oxide cladding,enabling 1.77 dBm^(-1) loss and 14.9 million Q for 80 nm nitride core waveguides,more than half an order magnitude lower loss than previously reported sub 300℃ *** 800 nm-thick nitride,we achieve as good as 8.66 dBm^(-1) loss and 4.03 million Q,the highest reported Q for a low temperature processed resonator with equivalent device area,with a median of loss and Q of 13.9 dBm^(-1) and 2.59 million each *** demonstrate laser stabilization with over 4 orders of magnitude frequency noise reduction using a thin nitride reference cavity,and using a thick nitride micro-resonator we demonstrate OPO,over two octave supercontinuum generation,and four-wave mixing and parametric gain with the lowest reported optical parametric oscillation threshold per unit resonator *** results represent a significant step towards a uniform ultra-low loss silicon nitride homogeneous and heterogeneous platform for both thin and thick waveguides capable of linear and nonlinear photonic circuits and

关键词： resonator thick free

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Discrepancy in Execution Time: Static vs. Dynamic Reconfigurable Hardware

Discrepancy in Execution Time: Static vs. Dynamic Reconfigur...

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2024 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, computers and Signal Processing, PACRIM 2024

作者： Perera, Darshika G. Li, Kin F. University of Colorado Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado SpringsCO United States University of Victoria Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362312

Utilization of FPGAs has increased dramatically in various application domains, mainly due to their unique traits. Especially, FPGAs' dynamic partial reconfiguration feature enables multiple and complex/large applications to be executed on a single chip, regardless of them fitting on chip. From our previous work on dynamic partial reconfigurable hardware for complex applications, we observed a discrepancy in execution time between static reconfigurable hardware (SRH) versus dynamic reconfigurable hardware (DRH). In this paper, we perform additional experiments/analysis to investigate this discrepancy, using a simple adder and a multiplier to compose our SRH and DRH designs. Our experimental results and analysis demonstrate that this discrepancy is not due to actual add/multiply operations, but due to difference in read/write operations to/from SDRAM for SRH vs. DRH, and difference between the two hardware versions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reconfigurable hardware

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Noisy-intermediate-scale quantum power system state estimation

iEnergy

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iEnergy 2024年第3期3卷 135-141页

作者： Fei Feng Peng Zhang Yifan Zhou Yacov A.Shamash Department of Engineering SUNY Maritime CollegeBronxNY 10465USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794-2350USA

Quantum power system state estimation(QPSSE)offers an inspiring direction for tackling the challenge of state estimation through quantum ***,the current bottlenecks originate from the scarcity of practical and scalable QPSSE methodologies in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)*** paper devises a NISQ−QPSSE algorithm that facilitates state estimation on real NISQ *** new contributions include:(1)A variational quantum circuit(VQC)-based QPSSE formulation that empowers QPSSE analysis utilizing shallow-depth quantum circuits;(2)A variational quantum linear solver(VQLS)-based QPSSE solver integrating QPSSE iterations with VQC optimization;(3)An advanced NISQ-compatible QPSSE methodology for tackling the measurement and coefficient matrix issues on real quantum computers;(4)A noise-resilient method to alleviate the detrimental effects of noise *** encouraging test results on the simulator and real-scale systems affirm the precision,universal-ity,and scalability of our QPSSE algorithm and demonstrate the vast potential of QPSSE in the thriving NISQ era.

关键词： Quantum computing state estimation variational quantum linear solver noisy-intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era

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Reliable Task Offloading for 6G-Based IoT Applications

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2255-2274页

作者： Usman Mahmood Malik Muhammad Awais Javed Ahmad Naseem Alvi Mohammed Alkhathami Department of Computer Software Engineering National University of Science and Technology(NUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Information Systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia

Fog computing is a key enabling technology of 6G systems as it provides quick and reliable computing,and data storage services which are required for several 6G *** Intelligence(AI)algorithms will be an integral part of 6G systems and efficient task offloading techniques using fog computing will improve their performance and *** this paper,the focus is on the scenario of Partial Offloading of a Task to Multiple Helpers(POMH)in which larger tasks are divided into smaller subtasks and processed in parallel,hence expediting task ***,using POMH presents challenges such as breaking tasks into subtasks and scaling these subtasks based on many interdependent factors to ensure that all subtasks of a task finish simultaneously,preventing resource ***,applying matching theory to POMH scenarios results in dynamic preference profiles of helping devices due to changing subtask sizes,resulting in a difficult-to-solve,externalities *** paper introduces a novel many-to-one matching-based algorithm,designed to address the externalities problem and optimize resource allocation within POMH ***,we propose a new time-efficient preference profiling technique that further enhances time optimization in POMH *** performance of the proposed technique is thoroughly evaluated in comparison to alternate baseline schemes,revealing many advantages of the proposed *** simulation findings indisputably show that the proposed matching-based offloading technique outperforms existing methodologies in the literature,yielding a remarkable 52 reduction in task latency,particularly under high workloads.

关键词： 6G IoT task offloading fog computing

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A Novel Tensor Decomposition-Based Efficient Detector for Low-Altitude Aerial Objects With Knowledge Distillation Scheme

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 487-501页

作者： Nianyin Zeng Xinyu Li Peishu Wu Han Li Xin Luo Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China IEEE College of Computer and Information Science Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) have gained significant attention in practical applications, especially the low-altitude aerial(LAA) object detection imposes stringent requirements on recognition accuracy and computational resources. In this paper, the LAA images-oriented tensor decomposition and knowledge distillation-based network(TDKD-Net) is proposed,where the TT-format TD(tensor decomposition) and equalweighted response-based KD(knowledge distillation) methods are designed to minimize redundant parameters while ensuring comparable performance. Moreover, some robust network structures are developed, including the small object detection head and the dual-domain attention mechanism, which enable the model to leverage the learned knowledge from small-scale targets and selectively focus on salient features. Considering the imbalance of bounding box regression samples and the inaccuracy of regression geometric factors, the focal and efficient IoU(intersection of union) loss with optimal transport assignment(F-EIoU-OTA)mechanism is proposed to improve the detection accuracy. The proposed TDKD-Net is comprehensively evaluated through extensive experiments, and the results have demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the developed methods in comparison to other advanced detection algorithms, which also present high generalization and strong robustness. As a resource-efficient precise network, the complex detection of small and occluded LAA objects is also well addressed by TDKD-Net, which provides useful insights on handling imbalanced issues and realizing domain adaptation.

关键词： Attention mechanism knowledge distillation(KD) object detection tensor decomposition(TD) unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)

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A Voltage-supportive Controller for Ultra-fast Electric Vehicle Chargers in Islanded DC Microgrids

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第3期11卷 896-906页

作者： Noushin Poursafar Seyedfoad Taghizadeh M.Jahangir Hossain Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani School of Engineering Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneySydneyNSW 2007Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippiMS 39762USA IEEE

This paper presents a controller for fast and ultrafast electric vehicle(EV)charging *** affecting the charging efficiency,the proposed controller enables the charger to provide support to the interconnection voltage to counter and damp its *** solutions are either hardware-based such as using supercapacitors and flywheels which increase the cost and bulkiness of the charging station,or software-based such as P/V droop methods which are still unable to provide a robust and strong voltage *** paper proposes an emulated supercapacitor concept in the control system of the ultra-fast EV charger in an islanded DC ***,it converts the EV from a static load to a bus voltage supportive load,leading to reduced bus voltage oscillations during single and multiple ultra-fast EV charging operations,and rides through and provides supports during extreme external *** analysis and design guidelines of the proposed controller are presented,and its effectiveness and improved performance compared with conventional techniques are shown for different case studies.

关键词： Electric vehicle(EV) charging station ultrafast charging DC microgrid voltage support capacitor emulation

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BOOST: Microgrid Sizing Using Ordinal Optimization

BOOST: Microgrid Sizing Using Ordinal Optimization

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2025 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference, TPEC 2025

作者： Chehade, Mohamad Fares El Hajj Karaki, Sami The University of Texas at Austin Chandra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AustinTX United States American University of Beirut Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Beirut Lebanon

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541125

The transition to sustainable energy systems has highlighted the critical need for efficient sizing of renewable energy resources in microgrids. In particular, designing photovoltaic (PV) and battery systems to meet residential loads is challenging due to trade-offs between cost, reliability, and environmental impact. While previous studies have employed dynamic programming and heuristic techniques for microgrid sizing, these approaches often fail to balance computational efficiency and accuracy. In this work, we propose BOOST, or Battery-solar Ordinal Optimization Sizing Technique, a novel framework for optimizing the sizing of PV and battery components in microgrids. Ordinal optimization enables computationally efficient evaluations of potential designs while preserving accuracy through robust ranking of solutions. To determine the optimal operation of the system at any given time, we introduce a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach, which achieves lower costs than the commonly used dynamic programming methods. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework identifies optimal designs that achieve a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) as low as 8.84 ¢/kWh, underscoring its potential for cost-effective microgrid design. The implications of our work are significant: BOOST provides a scalable and accurate methodology for integrating renewable energy into residential microgrids, addressing economic and environmental goals simultaneously. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mixed-integer linear programming

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Multi-Scale Network with Integrated Attention Unit for Crowd Counting

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3879-3903页

作者： Adel Hafeezallah Ahlam Al-Dhamari Syed Abd Rahman Abu-Bakar Department of Electrical Engineering Taibah UniversityMadinahSaudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering School of Electrical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310JohorMalaysia Department of Computer Engineering Hodeidah UniversityHodeidahYemen

Estimating the crowd count and density of highly dense scenes witnessed in Muslim gatherings at religious sites in Makkah and Madinah is critical for developing control strategies and organizing such a large ***,since the crowd images in this case can range from low density to high density,detection-based approaches are hard to apply for crowd ***,deep learning-based regression has become the prominent approach for crowd counting problems,where a density-map is estimated,and its integral is further computed to acquire the final count *** this paper,we put forward a novel multi-scale network(named 2U-Net)for crowd counting in sparse and dense *** proposed framework,which employs the U-Net architecture,is straightforward to implement,computationally efficient,and has single-step *** layers are used to retrieve the pooling layers’erased information and learn hierarchically pixelwise spatial *** helps in obtaining feature values,retaining spatial locations,and maximizing data integrity to avoid data *** addition,a modified attention unit is introduced and integrated into the proposed 2UNet model to focus on specific crowd *** proposed model concentrates on balancing the number of model parameters,model size,computational cost,and counting accuracy compared with other works,which may involve acquiring one criterion at the expense of other *** on five challenging datasets for density estimation and crowd counting have shown that the proposed model is very effective and outperforms comparable mainstream ***,it counts very well in both sparse and congested crowd *** 2U-Net model has the lowest MAE in both parts(Part A and Part B)of the ShanghaiTech,UCSD,and Mall benchmarks,with 63.3,7.4,1.5,and 1.6,***,it obtains the lowest MSE in the ShanghaiTech-Part B,UCSD,and Mall benchmarks with 12.0,1.9,and 2.1,respectively.

关键词： computer vision crowd analysis crowd counting U-Net max-pooling index unpooling attention units

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An Evolutionary Approach for Multiple Flying Base Stations Deployment in NOMA-Based Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第6期74卷 9814-9827页

作者： Jabbari, Mohammad Reza Ni, Jianbing Lu, Ning Yam, Scott S.-H. Chan, Francois Queen's University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Royal Military College of Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering KingstonONK7K 7B4 Canada

This paper addresses the problem of deploying a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) using multiple Flying Base Stations (FBSs) to serve multiple Stationary Ground Users (SGUs). Our objectives are to minimize the number of active FBSs, reduce overlapping coverage areas, and increase data rates for SGUs. We formulate this as a multi-objective, non-convex Non-Linear Mixed Integer Programming (NLMIP) problem, incorporating both deployment and resource allocation practical constraints. To manage the problem's complexity, we decompose it into two sub-problems: FBS deployment and resource allocation optimization. To optimize the 2D deployment of FBSs in horizontal space, we propose a general, low-complexity heuristic method based on a statistical variant of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm, named Evolutionary Bayesian SOM (EBSOM). Then, utilizing a Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) communication scheme between FBSs and SGUs, we maximize the downlink sum rate while adhering to constraints on FBS positions, transmission power, and bandwidth availability. In this stage, the deployment of FBSs is further refined to enhance resource allocation by dividing the problem into two non-convex sub-problems, which are solved iteratively using Surrogate Optimization (SO). Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy, particularly in reducing the number of active FBSs, minimizing overlapping areas, and improving network sum rates. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Heuristic methods

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Parameters Estimation of Modified Triple Diode Model of PSCs Considering Charge Accumulations and Electric Field Effects Using Puma Optimizer

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第4期143卷 723-745页

作者： Amlak Abaza Ragab A.El-Sehiemy Mona Gafar Ahmed Bayoumi Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Department of Computer Engineering and Information College of Engineering inWadi AlddawasirPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityKharj16278Saudi Arabia Machine Learning and Information Retrieval Department Artificial IntelligenceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Electrical Department Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyBadr University in CairoBadr11829Egypt Physics and Mathematics Department Faculty of EngineeringKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt College of Engineering Al-Ayen UniversityThi-Qar64001Iraq

Promoting the high penetration of renewable energies like photovoltaic(PV)systems has become an urgent issue for expanding modern power grids and has accomplished several challenges compared to existing distribution *** study measures the effectiveness of the Puma optimizer(PO)algorithm in parameter estimation of PSC(perovskite solar cells)dynamic models with hysteresis consideration considering the electric field effects on *** models used in this study will incorporate hysteresis effects to capture the time-dependent behavior of PSCs *** PO optimizes the proposed modified triple diode model(TDM)with a variable voltage capacitor and resistances(VVCARs)considering the hysteresis *** suggested PO algorithm contrasts with other wellknown optimizers from the literature to demonstrate its *** results emphasize that the PO realizes a lower RMSE(Root mean square errors),which proves its capability and efficacy in parameter extraction for the *** statistical results emphasize the efficiency and supremacy of the proposed PO compared to the other well-known competing *** convergence rates show good,fast,and stable convergence rates with lower RMSE via PO compared to the other five competitive ***,the lowermean realized via the PO optimizer is illustrated by the box plot for all optimizers.

关键词： Dynamic model of PSCs puma optimizer parameter estimation triple diode model

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