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Expert-level sleep staging using an electrocardiography-only feed-forward neural network

computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 176卷 108545-108545页

作者： Jones, Adam M. Itti, Laurent Sheth, Bhavin R. Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX United States Center for NeuroEngineering and Cognitive Systems University of Houston HoustonTX United States

Reliable classification of sleep stages is crucial in sleep medicine and neuroscience research for providing valuable insights, diagnoses, and understanding of brain states. The current gold standard method for sleep stage classification is polysomnography (PSG). Unfortunately, PSG is an expensive and cumbersome process involving numerous electrodes, often conducted in an unfamiliar clinic and annotated by a professional. Although commercial devices like smartwatches track sleep, their performance is well below PSG. To address these disadvantages, we present a feed-forward neural network that achieves gold-standard levels of agreement using only a single lead of electrocardiography (ECG) data. Specifically, the median five-stage Cohen's kappa is 0.725 on a large, diverse dataset of 5 to 90-year-old subjects. Comparisons with a comprehensive meta-analysis of between-human inter-rater agreement confirm the non-inferior performance of our model. Finally, we developed a novel loss function to align the training objective with Cohen's kappa. Our method offers an inexpensive, automated, and convenient alternative for sleep stage classification—further enhanced by a real-time scoring option. Cardiosomnography, or a sleep study conducted with ECG only, could take expert-level sleep studies outside the confines of clinics and laboratories and into realistic settings. This advancement democratizes access to high-quality sleep studies, considerably enhancing the field of sleep medicine and neuroscience. It makes less-expensive, higher-quality studies accessible to a broader community, enabling improved sleep research and more personalized, accessible sleep-related healthcare interventions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Dual-modal Tactile E-skin: Enabling Bidirectional Human-Robot Interaction via Integrated Tactile Perception and Feedback

Dual-modal Tactile E-skin: Enabling Bidirectional Human-Robo...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Shilong Mu Runze Zhao Zenan Lin Yan Huang Shoujie Li Chenchang Li Xiao-Ping Zhang Wenbo Ding Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China School of Electronic Information Wuhan University Wuhan China Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

To foster an immersive and natural human-robot interaction (HRI), the implementation of tactile perception and feedback becomes imperative, effectively bridging the conventional sensory gap. In this paper, we propose a dual-modal electronic skin (e-skin) that integrates magnetic tactile sensing and vibration feedback for enhanced HRI. The dual-modal tactile e-skin offers multi-functional tactile sensing and programmable haptic feedback, underpinned by a layered structure comprised of flexible magnetic films, soft silicone elastomer, a Hall sensor and actuator array, and a microcontroller unit. The e-skin captures the magnetic field changes caused by subtle deformations through Hall sensors, employing deep learning for accurate tactile perception. Simultaneously, the actuator array generates mechanical vibrations to facilitate haptic feedback, delivering diverse mechanical stimuli. Notably, the dual-modal e-skin is capable of transmitting tactile information bidirectionally, enabling object recognition and fine-weighing operations. This bidirectional tactile interaction framework will enhance the immersion and efficiency of interactions between humans and robots.

关键词： Vibrations Actuators Microcontrollers Human-robot interaction Robot sensing systems Skin Sensors

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Demonstration of a polarization-agnostic geometric phase in nonlocal metasurfaces

Demonstration of a polarization-agnostic geometric phase in ...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Overvig, Adam C. Kasahara, Y. Alu, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate nonlocal metasurfaces rationally designed using symmetry-breaking principles to manipulate the optical wavefront with a geometric phase selective to custom ellip...

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

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Nonreciprocal coupling in space-time modulated systems at exceptional points

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Physical Review B 2022年第10期105卷 L100304-L100304页

作者： Junfei Li Yun Jing Steven A. Cummer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Graduate Program in Acoustics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA

Exceptional points (EPs) are critical points in the parameter space of non-Hermitian systems, where two or more eigenvalues and eigenvectors simultaneously coalesce. The remarkable physics and behavior of waves at these EPs have raised considerable attention. Previous research has accessed EPs in parity-time (PT) symmetric systems through spatially modulated parameters. Using acoustics, this Letter demonstrates a different family of EPs in classical wave systems that emerge from coordinated modulation of mass density and loss/gain in time. This condition can create nonreciprocal coupling between arbitrary modes at the EPs, leading to exotic behaviors such as unilateral frequency conversion and linear amplification of waves that are unattainable at conventional time-invariant systems. Moreover, these phenomena can be attained with only loss, and acoustic gain via modal energy transfer is demonstrated in a loss-only system at such EPs. Our work marries time-varying systems with EPs, which could open new avenues for wave manipulation.

关键词： Classical mechanics Continuum mechanics Dynamical systems Hamiltonian systems Traveling waves

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Investigating the Impact of Data Augmentation for Fine-Grained Grocery Product Classification Based on Vision Transformer

Investigating the Impact of Data Augmentation for Fine-Grain...

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Artificial Intelligence Robotics, Signal and Image Processing (AIRoSIP), International Conference on

作者： Rissa Rahmania Yaya Heryadi Lukas Lukas Wayan Suparta Ilvico Sonata Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Cognitive Engineering Group (CEG) Faculty of Engineering Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya Jakarta Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798350327472

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327489

The existence of fine-grained image classification supporting smart retail provides effectiveness in recognizing products with high similarity. However, the generic classification method performs poorly in identifying products from a subordinate category. This paper aims to identify augmentation techniques to leverage the Vision Transformer (ViT) model to classify the fine-grained grocery product, which involves embedding patches and transformer encoders to extract the main features. First, we develop a fine-grained image dataset with ColorJitter, CutOut, and combining both augmentations. Secondly, we perform experiments and analysis of ViT size, embedded patch size and image size in the patch embedding process. Lastly, the ViT model are evaluated according to the image sizes 224, 384, and 512 in accuracy, loss, and confusion matrix. The highest accuracy was obtained at 0.9922. The ColorJitter and CutOut improved the confusion matrix in ViT-B/16 and ViT-L/16 with an image size of 384 and 512. The results show that both augmentations in the ViT model are able to distinguish fine-grained grocery products.

关键词： Surveys computer vision Accuracy Image recognition Transformers Feature extraction Data augmentation Artificial intelligence Image classification

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In Regard to Morris et al.

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International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2023年第1期116卷 199-200页

作者： Huang, Yu-Wen Huang, Wei-Ting Dong, Chen Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai Kao, Yung-Shuo School of Medicine Chung-Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPennsylvania United States Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan

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Curriculum-Based Reinforcement Learning for an Effective Multi-Agent Path Planning Algorithm in Warehouse Scenarios

Curriculum-Based Reinforcement Learning for an Effective Mul...

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IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON)

作者： Iure Rosa L. De Oliveira Kevin B. De Carvalho Alexandre S. Brandão Graduate Program in Computer Science Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brazil Electrical Engineering Department Universidade Federal de Vicosa Viçosa Brazil

Multi-robot systems can provide substantial increase in efficiency and/or flexibility in different scenarios. Applications in various settings have been studied in the literature, such as disaster management, surveillance, object transportation as well as search-and-rescue. A particular case that can highly benefit from the employment of multiple agents is the logistics in a warehouse scenario. This work proposes an multi-agent Q-learning based algorithm with curriculum learning and transfer learning to perform the path planning process. With progressively more complex stages of training as well as knowledge transfer from one stage to another, the algorithm is capable of achieve high success rates. In order to validate the proposed method, simulations were done to compare it to other combinations of the used techniques, as well as using Q-learning only. Scalability tests were also performed. The proposed method achieved up to 94% success rate after training.

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Fusion of Mixture of Experts and Generative Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Edge Metaverse

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Xiong, Zehui Jamalipour, Abbas Mao, Shiwen Kim, Dong In The College of Computing and Data Science The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University Auburn United States The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Sydney Australia The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

In the digital transformation era, Metaverse offers a fusion of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and web technologies to create immersive digital experiences. However, the evolution of the Metaverse is slowed down by the challenges of content creation, scalability, and dynamic user interaction. Our study investigates an integration of Mixture of Experts (MoE) models with Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) for mobile edge computing to revolutionize content creation and interaction in the Metaverse. Specifically, we harness an MoE model's ability to efficiently manage complex data and complex tasks by dynamically selecting the most relevant experts running various sub-models to enhance the capabilities of GAI. We then present a novel framework that improves video content generation quality and consistency, and demonstrate its application through case studies. Our findings underscore the efficacy of MoE and GAI integration to redefine virtual experiences by offering a scalable, efficient pathway to harvest the Metaverse's full potential. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Stabilizing Control Design by Integrable Differential Passive Outputs*

Stabilizing Control Design by Integrable Differential Passiv...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Morteza Nazari Monfared Yu Kawano Michele Cucuzzella Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-hiroshima Japan Jan C. Willems Center for Systems and Control ENTEG Faculty of Science and Engineering (FSE) University of Groningen (UG) Nijenborgh 4 Groningen AG the Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

Differential passivity of a nonlinear system has been introduced as passivity of its variational system. Applying standard passivity-based control techniques to differentially passive systems leads to controllers for the corresponding variational systems. However, it is challenging to construct controllers for the original nonlinear systems if the differential passive outputs are non-exact differential one-forms. In this letter, our objective is to provide a systematic procedure to address this issue when differential passive outputs are integrable, i.e., when non-exact differential passive outputs can be made exact by multiplying them by suitable integrating factors. In particular, under suitable detectability assumptions, we propose one static and two dynamic state feedback stabilizing controllers, where each dynamic controller has a form of input-and output-shaping, respectively. We illustrate their effectiveness by stabilization of counter-current heat exchangers.

关键词： Heating systems State feedback Systematics Control design Color Nonlinear systems Standards

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Sensing Beyond the Exceptional Point for High Detectivity

Sensing Beyond the Exceptional Point for High Detectivity

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Zhichao Li Ciril S. Prasad Xielin Wang Ding Zhang Gururaj V. Naik Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA

Exceptional point (EP)-based optical sensors exhibit exceptional sensitivity but poor detectivity. Slightly off EP operation boosts detectivity without much loss in sensitivity. We experimentally demonstrate a high-de... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Proteins Optical losses Sensitivity Optical device fabrication Measurement by laser beam Lasers and electrooptics Optical sensors Laser applications Electro-optical waveguides

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