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A micromirror array with annular partitioning for high-speed random-access axial focusing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 241-255页

作者： Nathan Tessema Ersumo Cem Yalcin Nick Antipa Nicolas Pegard Laura Waller Daniel Lopez Rikky Muller The University of California Berkeley and University of CaliforniaSan Francisco Graduate Program in BioengineeringBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Electrical Engineering&Computer Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27514USA Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San FranciscoCA 94158USA Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA

Dynamic axial focusing functionality has recently experienced widespread incorporation in microscopy,augmented/virtual reality(AR/VR),adaptive optics and material ***,the limitations of existing varifocal tools continue to beset the performance capabilities and operating overhead of the optical systems that mobilize such *** varifocal tools that are the least burdensome to operate(*** crystal,elastomeric or optofluidic lenses)suffer from low(≈100 Hz)refresh ***,the fastest devices sacrifice either critical capabilities such as their dwelling capacity(*** gradient lenses or monolithic micromechanical mirrors)or low operating overhead(*** mirrors).Here,we present a general-purpose random-access axial focusing device that bridges these previously conflicting features of high speed,dwelling capacity and lightweight drive by employing lowrigidity micromirrors that exploit the robustness of defocusing phase ***,the device consists of an 8.2mm diameter array of piston-motion and 48-μm-pitch micromirror pixels that provide 2πphase shifting for wavelengths shorter than 1100 nm with 10-90% settling in 64.8μs(i.e.,15.44 kHz refresh rate).The pixels are electrically partitioned into 32 rings for a driving scheme that enables phase-wrapped operation with circular symmetry and requires<30 V per *** experiments demonstrated the array’s wide focusing range with a measured ability to target 29 distinct resolvable depth ***,the features of the proposed array offer the potential for compact,straightforward methods of tackling bottlenecked applications,including high-throughput single-cell targeting in neurobiology and the delivery of dense 3D visual information in AR/VR.

关键词： mirror axial random

AI-driven 3D Spatial Transcriptomics

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Almagro-Pérez, Cristina Song, Andrew H. Weishaupt, Luca Kim, Ahrong Jaume, Guillaume Williamson, Drew F.K. Hemker, Konstantin Lu, Ming Y. Singh, Kritika Chen, Bowen Le, Long Phi Baras, Alexander S. Jiang, Sizun Bashashati, Ali Liu, Jonathan T.C. Mahmood, Faisal Department of Pathology Mass General Brigham Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Cancer Program Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT CambridgeMA United States Data Science Program Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Pathology Pusan National University Busan Korea Republic of Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine AtlantaGA United States Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New BrunswickNJ United States Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins Hospital BaltimoreMD United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins Hospital BaltimoreMD United States Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT CambridgeMA United States Center for Virology and Vaccine Research Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Pathology Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering Bioengineering Laboratory Medicine & Pathology University of Washington SeattleWA United States Harvard Data Science Initiative Harvard University CambridgeMA United States

A comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) map of tissue architecture and gene expression is crucial for illuminating the complexity and heterogeneity of tissues across diverse biomedical applications1. However, most spatial transcriptomics (ST) approaches remain limited to two-dimensional (2D) sections of tissue2–4. Although current 3D ST methods hold promise, they typically require extensive tissue sectioning, are complex, are not compatible with non-destructive 3D tissue imaging technologies, and often lack scalability5–8. Here, we present VOlumetrically Resolved Transcriptomics EXpression (VORTEX), an AI framework that leverages 3D tissue morphology and minimal 2D ST to predict volumetric 3D ST. By pretraining on diverse 3D morphology–transcriptomic pairs from heterogeneous tissue samples and then fine-tuning on minimal 2D ST data from a specific volume of interest, VORTEX learns both generic tissue-related and sample-specific morphological correlates of gene expression. This approach enables dense, high-throughput, and fast 3D ST, scaling seamlessly to large tissue volumes far beyond the reach of existing 3D ST techniques. By offering a cost-effective and minimally destructive route to obtaining volumetric molecular insights, we anticipate that VORTEX will accelerate biomarker discovery and our understanding of morphomolecular associations and cell states in complex tissues. Interactive 3D ST volumes can be viewed at https://***/. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Vortex flow

Topological Metamaterials

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ni, Xiang Yves, Simon Krasnok, Alex Alu, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL33174 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College The City University of New York 160 Convent Avenue New York10031 United States Physics Program The Graduate Center The City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York10016 United States

Unlike geometrical features, such as shape or volume, the topological properties of an object do not change continuously, but only due to abrupt transitions associated with a change in the integer quantities that describe these properties - known as topological invariants. In turn, this resilience of topological features is associated with intrinsic robustness. For example, the topological invariant known as the Chern number, associated with the quantization of the Hall conductance in a two-dimensional electron gas, supports disorder-immune electron transport at the surface of topological insulators (TIs). One of the most significant breakthroughs in physics of the last decade has been the discovery that materials with non-trivial topological properties for electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical responses can be designed and manufactured at our will through engineered metamaterials (MMs). Here, we review the foundation and the state-of-the-art advances of topological photonics, acoustics and mechanical MMs. We discuss how topological MMs enable nontrivial wave phenomena in physics, engineering, of great interest for a broad range of interdisciplinary science disciplines such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the foundations of topological materials and the main concepts behind their peculiar features, including the concepts of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of electronic band structures in natural topological materials, like topological insulators and gapless Dirac and Weyl semimetals. Based on these concepts, we review the concept, design and response of topologically nontrivial MMs in photonics and phononics, including topological phases in 2D MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet TIs based on spatial and temporal modulation, topological phases in 3D MMs, higher-order topological phases in MMs, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs and the topological features of scatteri

关键词： Metamaterials

Beyond Bounds on Light Scattering with Complex Frequency Excitations

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kim, Seunghwi Lepeshov, Sergey Krasnok, Alex Alù, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States DTU Electro Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads 343 Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL33174 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

Light scattering is one of the most established wave phenomena in optics, lying at the heart of light-matter interactions and of crucial importance for nanophotonic applications. Passivity, causality and energy conservation imply strict bounds on the degree of control over scattering from small particles, with implications on the performance of many optical devices. Here, we demonstrate that these bounds can be surpassed by considering excitations at complex frequencies, yielding extreme scattering responses as tailored nanoparticles reach a quasi-steady-state regime. These mechanisms can be used to engineer light scattering of nanostructures beyond conventional limits for noninvasive sensing, imaging, and nanoscale light manipulation. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light scattering

High-Resolution Imaging of Human Cancer Proteins Using Microprocessor Materials

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ChemBioChem 2022年第17期23卷 e202200310页

作者： Solares, Maria J. Jonaid, G.M. Luqiu, William Y. Berry, Samantha Khadela, Janki Liang, Yanping Evans, Madison C. Pridham, Kevin J. Dearnaley, William J. Sheng, Zhi Kelly, Deborah F. Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States Bioinformatics and Genomics Graduate Program Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States Center for Structural Oncology Pennsylvania State University University Park 16802 PA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham 27708 NC United States Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC Virginia Tech Roanoke 24016 VA United States

Mutations in tumor suppressor genes, such as Tumor Protein 53 (TP53), are heavily implicated in aggressive cancers giving rise to gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes. While individual domains of the p53 protein have been studied extensively, structural information for full-length p53 remains incomplete. Functionalized microprocessor chips (microchips) with properties amenable to electron microscopy permitted us to visualize complete p53 assemblies for the first time. The new structures revealed p53 in an inactive dimeric state independent of DNA binding. Residues located at the protein-protein interface corresponded with modification sites in cancer-related hot spots. Changes in these regions may amplify the toxic effects of clinical mutations. Taken together, these results contribute advances in technology and imaging approaches to decode native protein models in different states of activation. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： cancer electron microscopy microchips p53, molecular modeling

Model Technology Service E-Participation - Voting (E-PV) for Political Communication between the Council of Regional Representatives (DPRD) and the Citizens Using the Framework Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL V.3) Transition Domain Service 7

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Model Technology Service E-Participation - Voting (E-PV) for...

7th International Conference on ICT for Smart Society, ICISS 2020

作者： Hilabi, Shofa Shofiah Harso Supangat, Suhono Hendric Spits Warnars, Harco Leslie Prabowo, Harjanto Mursitama, Tirta Nugraha Universitas Buana Perjuangan Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Karawang Indonesia Institute of Technology Bandung School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Indonesia Nusantara University Doctor of Computer Science Bina Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Jakarta11530 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Doctor of Computer Science Jakarta11530 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Faculty of Humanities International Relations Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404228

E-voting is an electronic voting information technology service, while E-participation is an information technology service for citizens of the public to provide reports, polls, or suggestions on government policies electronically. The Technology Services E-Participation-VOT (EPV) model is a combined E-Participation and E-Voting service model. The concept of this service model is that citizens transform from E-participation and E-voting services into an EPV model. The purpose of this model is to provide information to participants (citizens) about online-based voting services. This method of developing the EP-Voting Anticipation (EPV) technology model uses agile methods that are effective and flexible in various cases of designing Information Technology models for Information Technology (IT) services that apply a Framework Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). The results obtained from this study are an Information Technology service system model that provides recommendations for participation in conducting electronic elections (E-Voting). © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Surveys

Muscle coactivation analysis for neuromuscular control assessment of lower limb stretch-shortening cycle

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Gait & Posture 2023年 106卷 S175-S176页

作者： Rodrigues, Carlos Correia, Miguel Abrantes, João Benedetti, Marco Nadal, Jurandir Faculty of Engineering- University of Porto Biomedical Engineering Program Porto Portugal INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering- Technology and Science C-BER - Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research Porto Portugal Faculty of Engineering- University of Porto Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Porto Portugal CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication- Culture and New Technologies MovLab - Laboratory of Technologies for Interactions and Interfaces Lisbon Portugal Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Electronic and Systems Recife Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Biomedical Engineering Program Rio de Janeiro Brazil

IntroductionMuscle stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is a central mechanism with lower limb muscle contraction immediately preceded by muscle stretch for efficient submaximal activities such as gait and powerful maximal activities such as running and jumping [1,2]. Research questionAlthough muscle SSC can be observed at gait and running its higher expression and accessibility is performed on standard maximum vertical jump (MVJ) with an open issue on neuromuscular control assessment of lower limb muscle SSC [3]. MethodsFor this purpose, we present and applied noninvasive subject specific analysis of lower limb muscle coactivation for selected muscles with higher contribution during MVJ impulse based on corresponding conditioned surface electromyographic signals (sEMG). Selected muscles correspond to lower limb muscles vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and medial gastrocnemius (MG). Twenty-seven trials were assessed corresponding for each subject to the highest MVJ based on larger flight time with long SSC at countermovement jump (CMJ), short SSC at drop jump (DJ) and squat jump (SJ) with no SSC. Trial sample is composed by a group of six young adult volunteers’ students on sports and physical education degree with the ages (21.5 ± 1.4) years, (76.7 ± 9.3) kg mass and (1.79 ± 0.06) m height. Surface skin was prepared and Aqua-Wet gel Skintact F55 electrodes were applied at bipolar configuration as indicated by SENIAN. VM, RF, VL, LG and MG sEMG linear envelopes were paired plotted with the area under the curves computed as well as the coactivation pairs defined as the common area under the curves normalized to the sum of the corresponding pair individual areas under the curves. Coactivations were compared at CMJ, DJ and SJ as well as among CMJ, DJ and SJ, Fig. 1. ResultsStrongest coactivations with decreasing intensity were detected between VM-RF and LG-MG muscles at CMJ and SJ, whereas at DJ the strongest coacti

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Magneto-optical Spectroscopy with RAMBO: A Table-Top 30 T Magnet

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tay, Fuyang Baydin, Andrey Katsutani, Fumiya Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Optically probing materials in high magnetic fields can provide enlightening insight into field-modified electronic states and phases, while optically driving materials in high magnetic fields can induce novel nonequilibrium many-body dynamics of spin and charge carriers. While there are high-field magnets compatible with standard optical spectroscopy methods, they are generally bulky and have limited optical access, which prohibit performing state-of-the-art ultrafast and/or nonlinear optical experiments. The Rice Advanced Magnet with Broadband Optics (RAMBO), a unique 30-T pulsed mini-coil magnet system with direct optical access, has enabled previously challenging experiments using femtosecond optical pulses, including time-domain terahertz spectroscopy, in cutting-edge materials placed in strong magnetic fields. Here, we review recent experimental advances made possible by the first-generation RAMBO setup. After summarizing technological aspects of combining optical spectroscopic techniques with the mini-coil magnet, we describe results of magneto-optical studies of a wide variety of materials, providing new insight into the states and dynamics of four types of quasiparticles in solids – excitons, plasmons, magnons, and phonons – in high magnetic fields. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnets

Linearity assessment between lower limb joint angles and angular accelerations at standard maximum vertical jumps with long-short and no countermovement

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Gait & Posture 2023年 106卷 S174-S175页

IntroductionStandard maximum vertical jump (MVJ) has been applied to assess lower limb long countermovement (CM) on countermovement jump (CMJ) and short CM on drop jump (DJ) for comparison to squat jump (SJ) without CM [1,2]. Research questionNevertheless, the ability for lower limb joint accelerations depending on lower limb joint angles at long, short and no CM remains an open issue [3,4], in particular linearity assessment of these relations at long, short and no CM in association with MVJ whole-body impulsion. MethodsFor this reason, we applied piecewise linear detection of segmented subphases on lower limb joint angles ( θ)-angular acceleration ( α) diagrams for the hip (H), knee (K) and ankle (A) during impulse phases on CMJ, DJ and SJ. Selected sample corresponds to best MVJ trials based on higher flight-time of 3 CMJ, DJ and SJ repetitions for six healthy untrained subjects with ages (21.5±1.4) years, (76.7±9.3)kg mass and (1.79±0.06)m height. Adhesive reflective markers were applied at lower limb and torso, with sagittal hip, knee, and ankle θ, α obtained by inverse kinematics. H,K,A ( θ, α) diagrams were plotted and impulsion subphases segmented at selected instants of ∂ a/∂ q phase reversal with linear fit by the least-squares method, Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Hip, knee, ankle joint ( θ, α) diagrams at CMJ, DJ, SJ with segmented subphases time span(Δt), |∂α/∂θ| slope magnitudes and R² linear fit regression. ResultsSJ presented larger number of ( θ, α) subphases than DJ, both larger than CMJ with higher |∂ α/∂ θ| variation at DJ and SJ than CMJ, pointing to higher complexity of neuromuscular control and contributing to explain reduced SJ, DJ performance without CM (0.33±0.05)m and with short CM (0.27±0.03)m in relation to CMJ with long CM (0.36±0.04)m for untrained selected subjects, Fig. 1. Thus, despite the larger total time span Δt at CMJ (0.76±0.10)s in relation to SJ (0.36±0.08)s and DJ (0.23±0.05)s, CMJ presented lower number of subphases with longer time span

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