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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Packy, Anna L. Jayahankar, Jayesh Teymourlouei, Arya Stone, Joshua Oh, Hyuk Katz, Garrett E. Reggia, James A. Gentili, Rodolphe J. University of Maryland Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Computer Science College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Kinesiology College Park United States Syracuse University Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Syracuse United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Human-robot teaming has become increasingly important with the advent of intelligent machines. Prior efforts suggest that performance, mental workload, and trust are critical elements of human-robot dynamics that can be altered by the robot's behavior. Most prior human-robot teaming studies used behavioral analyses, but a limited number used neural markers, without the use of physical robots and complex tasks. Here we combine behavioral and EEG cortical dynamics to examine cognitive-motor processes when individuals complete a complex task under various team environments with a robot. The results revealed that altering the robot quality affected both behavioral and EEG dynamics. Task completion with an experienced robot led to greater team performance and human trust along with lower mental workload compared to an inexperienced teammate or when individuals performed alone. EEG changes suggest that different attentional processes were engaged when humans worked with the robot and performed alone, and that visual processing was more prominent when teaming with an inexperienced teammate. This work can inform human cognitive-motor processes and the design of robotic controllers in human-robot teams. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Man machine systems

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Three-dimensional integral imaging low light polarimetric image restoration

Three-dimensional integral imaging low light polarimetric im...

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3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications, 3D, COSI, DH, FLatOptics, IS, pcAOP 2023 - Part of Imaging and Applied Optics Congress 2023

作者： Usmani, Kashif Wani, Pranav O’Connor, Timothy Javidi, Bahram Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Connecticut 371 Fairfield Road StorrsCT06269 United States Biomedical Engineering Department University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States

We overview the enhancement of polarimetric imaging in degraded environments using denoising convolutional neural network model with 3D integral imaging. The experimental results were compared with total variation den... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171289

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Analysis of Gait Data Based on Deep Learning to Predict Multiple Balance Scale Scores

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2024年第1期24卷 920-930页

作者： Lin, Chueh-Ho Peng, Chih-Wei Lee, I-Jung Wu, Chi-Ming Lin, Bor-Shing Taipei Medical University International Ph.D. Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care Taipei City110 Taiwan Taipei Medical University Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice Wan Fang Hospital Taipei City110 Taiwan Taipei Medical University School of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei City110 Taiwan Taipei Medical University School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care College of Nursing Taipei City110 Taiwan National Taipei University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering New Taipei City237 Taiwan National Taipei University College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science New Taipei City237 Taiwan

Unbalanced walking is increasingly common among older adults;therefore, routinely assessing the balance of older adults is crucial. The traditional method of assessing balance uses scales, requires the supervision of a physical therapist (PT), and is time-consuming. The present study, therefore, proposes a deep learning (DL) model architecture that combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network model to predict the scores of three scales, namely the Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go (TUG), and single-leg stance (SLS). The gait data of 15 m of walking were collected from seven inertial measurement units (IMUs) and input into the CNN-LSTM model for evaluation. The BBS and TUG only require the participants to wear two IMUs on the left and right thighs, respectively, for accurate predictions. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) of predicting the scores of the BBS and TUG are 1.2562 and 1.4016 s, respectively;however, the MAE of score predictions of SLS is higher than that of the BBS and TUG, indicating that gait data cannot be used for assessing SLS;moreover, participants only wear one IMU on the right calf for BBS and TUG evaluations, which yield MAEs of 1.4334 and 1.5229 s, respectively. The proposed system can quickly and accurately predict the scores of the BBS and TUG. The proposed model can assist PTs with making clinical decisions. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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A Biasing Scheme for the Gain Compression Point Optimization of HBT Cascode D-Band LNAs

A Biasing Scheme for the Gain Compression Point Optimization...

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BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS)

作者： Lorenzo Serra Guglielmo De Filippi Lorenzo Piotto Andrea Mazzanti Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798331541248

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541255

Cascode amplifiers with a matching network between the common-emitter (CE) and the common-base (CB) HBTs are popular in the sub-THz band for their enhanced gain. The stage is analyzed in this paper with focus on the large-signal behavior. It is first observed that the CE-CB interstage network can push the CB out of the linear class-A regime, limiting the input power at 1 dB gain compression. It is then shown that the issue can be avoided with a suitable biasing scheme, leading to enhanced dynamic range with superior power efficiency. The concept is applied to the design of a D-band LNA in BiCMOS technology. With a quiescent power consumption of 20 mW from 2 V supply, the LNA shows 17.5 dB gain and 5.5 dB NF at 170 GHz. The output-referred 1dB compression point is 4.2dBm with 9% power efficiency at 175 GHz. Compared to previously reported LNAs in the same band, measured results demonstrate a remarkable dynamic range improvement with the the highest power efficiency.

关键词： Integrated circuits Semiconductor device measurement Power measurement Power demand Limiting Dynamic range BiCMOS integrated circuits Noise measurement Gain Optimization

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Brain Fingerprinting-Based Community Structure

Brain Fingerprinting-Based Community Structure

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IEEE International Symposium on biomedical Imaging

作者： Sema Athamnah Selin Aviyente Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

The ability to uniquely characterize individual subjects based on their functional connectome (FC), i.e., fingerprinting, is key for progress toward precision medicine. Over the past few years, a variety of methods have been proposed for fingerprinting. While early approaches focused on using either the whole brain connec-tivity or pre-defined subnetwork connectivity to discriminate between subjects, more recently different feature extraction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) have been used to ex-tract discriminative features. However, these methods do not iden-tify functionally interpretable network components, i.e., commu-nities, that contribute most to discrimination across subjects. In this paper, we introduce a fingerprinting approach based on community structure. In particular, we introduce a signed multilayer modularity optimization approach to identify the community structure across a group of subjects from resting state fMRI FCs. The optimal community structure for identifying subjects and discrimi-nating between different tasks is learned through a community in-dicator vector which quantifies the relevance of each community for a subject. The proposed framework is tested on the Midnight Scan Club (MSC) data across different tasks. High identification rates between resting state and different tasks indicate that an indi-vidual's community indicator vector is intrinsic to that individual independent of the task. The proposed framework also provides interpretability to fingerprinting by determining the most discrimi-native brain regions between task pairs.

关键词： Brain Precision medicine Fingerprint recognition Functional magnetic resonance imaging Nonhomogeneous media Feature extraction Vectors Optimization Principal component analysis biomedical imaging

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Majorization theoretical approach to entanglement enhancement via local filtration

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Physical Review A 2024年第4期110卷 042430页

作者： Zacharie Van Herstraeten Nicolas J. Cerf Saikat Guha Christos N. Gagatsos Wyant College of Optical Sciences The Centre for Quantum Information and Communication École Polytechnique de Bruxelles CP 165 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Program in Applied Mathematics The

From the perspective of majorization theory, we study how to enhance the entanglement of a two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) state by using local filtration operations. We present several schemes achieving entanglement enhancement with photon addition and subtraction, and then consider filtration as a general probabilistic procedure consisting in acting with local (nonunitary) operators on each mode. From this, we identify a sufficient set of two conditions for these filtration operators to successfully enhance the entanglement of a TMSV state, namely, the operators must be Fock orthogonal (i.e., preserving the orthogonality of Fock states) and Fock amplifying (i.e., giving larger amplitudes to larger Fock states). Our results notably prove that ideal photon addition, subtraction, and any concatenation thereof always enhance the entanglement of a TMSV state in the sense of majorization theory. We further investigate the case of realistic photon addition (subtraction) and are able to upper bound the distance between a realistic photon-added (-subtracted) TMSV state and a nearby state that is provably more entangled than the TMSV, thus extending entanglement enhancement to practical schemes via the use of a notion of approximate majorization. Finally, we consider the state resulting from k-photon addition (on each of the two modes) on a TMSV state. We prove analytically that the state corresponding to k=1 majorizes any state corresponding to 2≤k≤8 and we conjecture the validity of the statement for all k≥9.

关键词： Entanglement production Measures of continuous variables entanglement Quantum correlations, foundations & formalism Quantum entanglement

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Simulated deep CT characterization of liver metastases with high-resolution filtered back projection reconstruction

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2024年第1期7卷 257-271页

作者： Christopher Wiedeman Peter Lorraine Ge Wang Richard Do Amber Simpson Jacob Peoples Bruno De Man Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA GE Research-Healthcare NiskayunaNY 12309USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Radiology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Biomedical Computing and Informatics Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada

Early diagnosis and accurate prognosis of colorectal cancer is critical for determining optimal treatment plans and maximizing patient outcomes,especially as the disease progresses into liver *** tomography(CT)is a frontline tool for this task;however,the preservation of predictive radiomic features is highly dependent on the scanning protocol and reconstruction *** hypothesized that image reconstruction with a highfrequency kernel could result in a better characterization of liver metastases features via deep neural *** kernel produces images that appear noisier but preserve more sinogram information.A simulation pipeline was developed to study the effects of imaging parameters on the ability to characterize the features of liver *** pipeline utilizes a fractal approach to generate a diverse population of shapes representing virtual metastases,and then it superimposes them on a realistic CT liver region to perform a virtual CT scan using *** of 10,000 liver metastases were generated,scanned,and reconstructed using either standard or high-frequency *** data were used to train and validate deep neural networks to recover crafted metastases characteristics,such as internal heterogeneity,edge sharpness,and edge fractal *** the absence of noise,models scored,on average,12.2%(α=0.012)and 7.5%(α=0.049)lower squared error for characterizing edge sharpness and fractal dimension,respectively,when using high-frequency reconstructions compared to ***,the differences in performance were statistically insignificant when a typical level of CT noise was simulated in the clinical *** results suggest that high-frequency reconstruction kernels can better preserve information for downstream artificial intelligence-based radiomic characterization,provided that noise is *** work should investigate the informationpreserving kernels in datasets with clinical labels.

关键词： Radiomics Deep learning Computed tomography Colorectal liver metastases Virtual clinical trials Image reconstruction

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Adversarial Environment Design via Regret-Guided Diffusion Models 38

Adversarial Environment Design via Regret-Guided Diffusion M...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Chung, Hojun Lee, Junseo Kim, Minsoo Kim, Dohyeong Oh, Songhwai Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence ASRI Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ASRI Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Training agents that are robust to environmental changes remains a significant challenge in deep reinforcement learning (RL). Unsupervised environment design (UED) has recently emerged to address this issue by generating a set of training environments tailored to the agent's capabilities. While prior works demonstrate that UED has the potential to learn a robust policy, their performance is constrained by the capabilities of the environment generation. To this end, we propose a novel UED algorithm, adversarial environment design via regret-guided diffusion models (ADD). The proposed method guides the diffusion-based environment generator with the regret of the agent to produce environments that the agent finds challenging but conducive to further improvement. By exploiting the representation power of diffusion models, ADD can directly generate adversarial environments while maintaining the diversity of training environments, enabling the agent to effectively learn a robust policy. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully generates an instructive curriculum of environments, outperforming UED baselines in zero-shot generalization across novel, out-of-distribution environments. Project page: https://***/projects/ADD. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Challenges of Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis - Improving Explainability and Trust

IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

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IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 2023年第1期4卷 68-75页

作者： Dhar, Tribikram Dey, Nilanjan Borra, Surekha Simon Sherratt, R. Jadavpur University Department of Electrical Engineering Kolkata712235 India Techno International New Town Department of Computer Science Engineering Kolkata700156 India K. S. Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bengaluru560109 India University of Reading Department of Biomedical Engineering ReadingRG6 6AH United Kingdom

Deep learning has revolutionized the detection of diseases and is helping the healthcare sector break barriers in terms of accuracy and robustness to achieve efficient and robust computer-aided diagnostic systems. The application of deep learning techniques empowers automated AI-based utilities requiring minimal human supervision to perform any task related to medical diagnosis of fractures, tumors, and internal hemorrhage;preoperative planning;intra-operative guidance, etc. However, deep learning faces some major threats to the flourishing healthcare domain. This paper traverses the major challenges that the deep learning community of researchers and engineers faces, particularly in medical image diagnosis, like the unavailability of balanced annotated medical image data, adversarial attacks faced by deep neural networks and architectures due to noisy medical image data, a lack of trustability among users and patients, and ethical and privacy issues related to medical data. This study explores the possibilities of AI autonomy in healthcare by overcoming the concerns about trust that society has in autonomous intelligent systems. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Swallowing Assessment using High-Resolution Cervical Auscultations and Transformer-based Neural Networks 46

Swallowing Assessment using High-Resolution Cervical Auscult...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Anwar, Ayman Khalifa, Yassin Lucatorto, Erin Coyle, James L. Sejdic, Ervin University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TorontoON Canada University of Pittsburgh Center for Research Computing and Information Technology Analytics PittsburghPA United States Cairo University Faculty of Engineering Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department Giza Egypt University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Department of Communication Science and Disorders PittsburghPA United States University of Toronto North York General Hospital Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TorontoON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Swallowing assessment is a crucial task to reveal swallowing abnormalities. There are multiple modalities to analyze swallowing kinematics, such as videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS), which is the gold standard method, and high-resolution cervical auscultation (HRCA), which is a noninvasive technique that uses a triaxial accelerometer attached to the patient's neck. Deep learning models play an essential role in data driven analysis of swallowing landmarks using VFSS and/or HRCA as input data. Most of these models utilize convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Here, we investigate the ability of transformers to analyze swallowing kinematics;specifically upper esophageal sphincter opening and laryngeal vestibule closure using HRCA signals. We tested the model using an independent test dataset to assess the generalizability of the proposed network. The proposed network achieved an average detection accuracy higher than 90% and 85% for both segmentation tasks, which outperform the hybrid neural networks from the literature, and the model obtained high-performance measures for the independent dataset, showing the transformers' ability to generalize on unseen data. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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