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9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2023

作者： Keerthana, S. Elango, S. Judgi, T. Vivek, S.K. Ponmurugan, P. Kumar, Neelam Sanjeev J K K Nataraja College of Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Komarapalayam638183 India Nandha Engineering College Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tamilnadu Erode India Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering India Shree Venkateshwara Hi-Tech Engineering College Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Gobichettipalayam638455 India Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research Department of Research Chennai600078 India Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Department of Biomedical Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350397376

It is critical to manage water supply in a safe and efficient manner. Significant amounts of water are lost each year as a result of leaks in water distribution systems (WDN). As a result, locating leaks in a reliable manner is critical. Water leaks can be detected using monitoring software that analyses the flow of water. Apps that track the user's location can be extremely useful. If this technology is widely adopted, it will aid in the resolution of water management issues such as human error and waste of limited water resources. Water leaks can be located predictably using the Internet of Things (Internet of Things). Many countries struggle to get enough water, but the situation is not hopeless. It is critical to accurately locate water leaks in order to reduce system resistance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Water distribution systems

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Prospector Heads: Generalized Feature Attribution for Large Models & Data 41

Prospector Heads: Generalized Feature Attribution for Large ...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Machiraju, Gautam Derry, Alexander Desai, Arjun Guha, Neel Karimi, Amir-Hossein Zou, James Altman, Russ B. Ré, Christopher Mallick, Parag Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University United States Cartesia AI United States Department of Computer Science Stanford University United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada Department of Radiology Stanford University United States

Feature attribution, the ability to localize regions of the input data that are relevant for classification, is an important capability for ML models in scientific and biomedical domains. Current methods for feature attribution, which rely on "explaining" the predictions of end-to-end classifiers, suffer from imprecise feature localization and are inadequate for use with small sample sizes and high-dimensional datasets due to computational challenges. We introduce prospector heads, an efficient and interpretable alternative to explanation-based attribution methods that can be applied to any encoder and any data modality. Prospector heads generalize across modalities through experiments on sequences (text), images (pathology), and graphs (protein structures), outperforming baseline attribution methods by up to 26.3 points in mean localization AUPRC. We also demonstrate how prospector heads enable improved interpretation and discovery of class-specific patterns in input data. Through their high performance, flexibility, and generalizability, prospectors provide a framework for improving trust and transparency for ML models in complex domains. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Data assimilation

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Textual Training for the Hassle-Free Removal of Unwanted Visual Data: Case Studies on OOD and Hateful Image Detection 38

Textual Training for the Hassle-Free Removal of Unwanted Vis...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Lee, Saehyung Mok, Jisoo Park, Sangha Shin, Yongho Jung, Dahuin Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Qualcomm Korea YH Seoul Korea Republic of School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of

In our study, we explore methods for detecting unwanted content lurking in visual datasets. We provide a theoretical analysis demonstrating that a model capable of successfully partitioning visual data can be obtained using only textual data. Based on the analysis, we propose Hassle-Free Textual Training (HFTT), a streamlined method capable of acquiring detectors for unwanted visual content, using only synthetic textual data in conjunction with pre-trained vision-language models. HFTT features an innovative objective function that significantly reduces the necessity for human involvement in data annotation. Furthermore, HFTT employs a clever textual data synthesis method, effectively emulating the integration of unknown visual data distribution into the training process at no extra cost. The unique characteristics of HFTT extend its utility beyond traditional out-of-distribution detection, making it applicable to tasks that address more abstract concepts. We complement our analyses with experiments in out-of-distribution detection and hateful image detection. Our codes are available at https://***/Saehyung-Lee/HFTT. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Dynamic Control of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: An IC-Based MOS Varactor Approach

Dynamic Control of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: An I...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Loukas Petrou Marco A. Antoniades Julius Georgiou Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University Ontario Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350330991

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331004

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are recognized as a fundamental enabler for improving energy efficiency in 6G and future networks. However, the power consumption and the reconfiguration delay still need improvement for what is required at GHz frequencies, thus delaying their commercial adaptation. On that regard, this study proposes the incorporation of Integrated Circuits (ICs) with MOS varactor loadings as part of the RIS framework, to improve power consumption and speed, while having precise tuning of the reflection phase for individual unit-cells. The presented circuit design features an asynchronous digital circuit responsible for transmitting binary streams to digital-to-analogue converters, which in turn, bias MOS varactors that are directly connected to each unit-cell within the RIS. The use of asynchronous digital control circuits facilitates the development of ultra-low power, high-speed ICs, thereby enhancing the dynamic scalability of the RIS system. Simulated results of the asynchronous circuit are presented on a mature, cost-effective, CMOS 0.18 μm process technology, showing static power consumption of 40,63 μW, dynamic energy consumption of 474.43 pJ and reconfiguration delay of 23.38 ns. The simulations are accompanied by a scalability analysis and a discussion of potential capabilities, offering valuable insights for the future of ICs on RIS systems. The proposed approach and circuit provide flexibility and performance to RIS systems not achievable with conventional control systems due to their benefits of using clockless networking communication.

关键词： Varactors Wireless communication Power demand Scalability Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Energy efficiency Delays

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Evaluating Dry Electrodes and Bioinstrumentation for Wearable Arm ECG Acquisition

Evaluating Dry Electrodes and Bioinstrumentation for Wearabl...

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2024 International Conference on the Challenges, Opportunities, Innovations and Applications in Electronic Textiles, E-Textiles 2024

作者： Veeturi, Suparna Ravichandran, Vignesh Cerullo, Alex Chomal, Shubham Shahriari, Yalda Carreiro, Stephanie Venkatasubramanian, Krishna Mankodiya, Kunal Solanki, Dhaval University of Rhode Island Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering United States University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Department of Emergency Medicine United States University of Rhode Island Department of Mechanical Industrial and Systems Engineering KingstonRI United States University of Rhode Island Department of Computer Science and Statistics United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783000804298

Arm-based electrocardiogram (ECG) offers a more comfortable and user-friendly alternative to traditional chest ECG for wearable cardiac monitoring in daily health applications. However, arm ECG faces challenges such as capturing extremely low-amplitude signals in the microvolt range and significant electromyogram (EMG) noise contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of dry electrodes for arm and chest ECG monitoring using gold standard BIOPAC and proposed mDAQ systems. This study consisted of two phases. In Phase 1, we evaluated different dry electrode materials, including silver knit fabric and gold-plated electrodes, with six healthy adult participants (N = males and N =3 females) having upper arm circumference ranging from 27 to 42 cm. We used a BIOPAC system as a gold standard to collect arm ECG, upper arm EMG, and reference chest ECG during standardized movement tasks. Results showed that silver knit electrodes demonstrated superior QRS energy (0.705 ± 0.151), surpassing chest gel floating ECG QRS energy (0.328 ± 0.026), with lower EMG interference across movement conditions. In Phase 2, we developed a bioinstrumentation system (mDAQ) optimized for dry electrodes, demonstrating reliable ECG acquisition in both chest Lead I and arm configurations. -We validated our bioinstrumentation with sixteen healthy adult participants (N = 8 male and N = female. The mDAQ system maintained high signal consistency with a skewness effect size of 0.963 and showed a mean heart rate bias of only -1.842 bpm compared to the BIOPAC system, confirming its viability for wearable ECG monitoring applications. © 2024 Fraunhofer IZM.

关键词： Gold plating

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Using textile capacitive sensors to train synchronized movement of hands

Using textile capacitive sensors to train synchronized movem...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, ICCE 2024

作者： Yang, Chang-Ming Wu, Shu-Cing Chen, Shih-Hung Wu, Ze-We Liao, Kuo-Cheng Chen, Chi-Chun Ming Young Biomedical Corp. Miaoli Taiwan National Chin-Yi University of Technology Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taichung Taiwan National Chin-Yi University of Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung Taiwan National Chin-Yi University of Technology Dept. of Electronic Engineering Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324136

This study introduced a capacitive sensing interactive game platform aimed at promoting emotional stability, which we have named the 'Sunrise and Sunset' game. This game primarily consists of two pieces of regular textile fabric enveloping conductive silver fabric. A microcontroller was employed to extract the sensed capacitive values, and a game named 'Sunrise and Sunset' is designed to complement the slow raising and lowering of both hands. The development of this gaming platform has the potential to offer a novel method of emotional management, particularly in high-stress living environments. It can serve as an effective relaxation tool, aiding individuals in emotional balance, anxiety reduction, and stress alleviation. Simultaneously, this platform can contribute to the promotion of mental well-being, providing an engaging and beneficial means for people to manage their emotions and moods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： capacitive sensing emotional stability game relaxation tool silver fabric

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Robotic Knee Tracking Control to Mimic the Intact Human Knee Profile Based on Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第1期9卷 19-30页

作者： Ruofan Wu Zhikai Yao Jennie Si He(Helen)Huang School of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695 USA University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC 27599 USA

We address a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning(RL)control approach to automatically configure robotic pros-thesis impedance parameters to enable end-to-end,continuous locomotion intended for transfemoral amputee ***,our actor-critic based RL provides tracking control of a robotic knee prosthesis to mimic the intact knee *** is a significant advance from our previous RL based automatic tuning of prosthesis control parameters which have centered on regulation control with a designer prescribed robotic knee profile as the *** addition to presenting the tracking control algorithm based on direct heuristic dynamic programming(dHDP),we provide a control performance guarantee including the case of constrained *** show that our proposed tracking control possesses several important properties,such as weight convergence of the learning networks,Bellman(sub)optimality of the cost-to-go value function and control input,and practical stability of the human-robot *** further provide a systematic simulation of the proposed tracking control using a realistic human-robot system simulator,the OpenSim,to emulate how the dHDP enables level ground walking,walking on different terrains and at different *** results show that our proposed dHDP based tracking control is not only theoretically suitable,but also practically useful.

关键词： Automatic tracking of intact knee configuration of robotic knee prosthesis direct heuristic dynamic programming(dHDP) reinforcement learning control

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Computational defocus correction in spatial frequency domain imaging 16

Computational defocus correction in spatial frequency domain...

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Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue XVI 2025

作者： Dao, Dylan Jiao, Jie Kuramoto, Lindsay Levi, Ofer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Canada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683761

In spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI), tissue optical properties are estimated by projecting spatial frequencies on the tissue and measuring back-scattered reflectance. We characterize the measurement error in camera-defocused SFDI and evaluate 1) dividing the defocus response and 2) cubic phase mask approaches in recovering SFDI performance. Camera-defocused SFDI underestimates tissue optical properties and loses spatial resolution. Both methods are shown to double the object distance range over which optical property measurements are within 25% of best focus values, though spatial resolution is lost. This work extends SFDI’s potential applications to remotely monitoring cardiovascular health in clinics and homes. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Aberrations

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Visual Quality Enhancement of Low-Dose Dental CBCT Images 9

Visual Quality Enhancement of Low-Dose Dental CBCT Images

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9th International Conference on Frontiers of Signal Processing, ICFSP 2024

作者： Mirzaei, Simin Mahdizadeh, Ailar Yazdani, Milad Tohidypour, Hamid Reza Vora, Siddharth R. Mirabbasi, Shahriar Nasiopoulos, Panos Shahriari, Dena University of British Columbia Electrical & Computer Engineering VancouverBC Canada University of British Columbia Oral Health Sciences VancouverBC Canada School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia Department of Orthopedics VancouverBC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353235

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) provides superior image quality in dentistry, but involves higher radiation exposure. To address this, lower radiation levels in CBCT imaging are used, resulting in higher noise levels. Although numerous efforts have been made to improve the visual quality of low-dose CBCT images, they often fail to achieve an optimal balance between noise reduction and edge preservation. This paper introduces a novel denoising algorithm surpassing previous methods, aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy by improving visual quality. Our approach begins with an adaptive median filter, followed by a fusion of frequency and spatial domain filtering techniques, supplemented by nonlocal means (NLM) smoothing and Laplacian sharpening. Subjective evaluations show a significant performance improvement over current state-of-the-art methods, marking a substantial progress toward achieving visual fidelity parity between low and high radiation CBCT scans. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Median filters

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Advances in Finite Element Analysis for Cancer Therapy Focusing on Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia

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Multiscale Science and engineering 2024年第2期6卷 113-123页

作者： Raouf, Izaz Gas, Piotr Kim, Heung Soo Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy Engineering Dongguk University-Seoul Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Power Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering AGH University of Krakow Krakow Poland

This mini review provides a thorough examination of recent advances in finite element analysis (FEA) for cancer therapy, with a focus on magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) hyperthermia. The paper begins by discussing the fundamental principles of FEA and their applications in biomedical sciences. It then describes the application of FEA to the in vitro and in vivo modeling of MNP hyperthermia, including the development and validation of computational models that simulate magnetic nanoparticles behavior under alternating magnetic field (AMF), heat generation, its transfer, and cellular/tissue responses. The review further explores the emerging trends and future directions in the application of FEA for MNP hyperthermia, including the integration of experimental data, incorporation of patient-specific parameters, and optimization of treatment protocols. The paper also discusses the key challenges and limitations of current FEA models, shedding light on potential areas for future research and development. By synthesizing the most recent advances in this field, the review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and engineers working on the optimization and clinical translation of MNP hyperthermia for effective cancer therapy.

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