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2023 Medical Technologies Congress, TIPTEKNO 2023

作者： Baysoy, Engin Ayan, Bugra Kaleli-Can, Gizem Buyuksarac, Bora Liu, Chunlei Bahçeşehir University Department of Biomedical Engineering İstanbul34353 Turkey Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery StanfordCA94305 United States İzmir Democracy University Department of Biomedical Engineering İzmir35140 Turkey University of California Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences BerkeleyCA94720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328967

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents an alternative imaging method over conventional X-ray based modalities for guiding minimal invasive surgeries. However, lack of commercial MRI safe and functional interventional instruments and devices is the main obstacle for the realization of interventional procedures under MRI. Herein, as a novel passive tracking method, Fe3+ ions binded melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) were used as a coating to enhance the visibility of a commercial MRI safe nitinol guidewire. Fe3+ chelating ability of MNPs was found to be approximately 95% using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The spherical shapes of MNPs were evaluated and measured by scanning electron analysis with a mean diameter of 134± 21 nm for MNPs before $Fe3+ chelation and $144 ± 34$ nm after. NIH 3T3 cells incubated with MNPs-Fe3+ solutions at levels up to 1000 ng/ml and MNPs-Fe3+ solutions indicated negligible cytotoxic effect. The traceability of MNPs-Fe+ coated surgical nitinol guidewire was confirmed inside a custom-made hydrogel phantom model in a 3T MRI scanner. A conspicuous bright signal from coated nitinol guidewire was obtained for axial, sagittal, and coronal planes with MRI. This pilot study showed that both the tracking of an interventional guidewire and the degradation level of a hydrogel used for the therapeutic response of a drug can be imaged by MRI during minimal invasive operations. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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High-quality Mid-infrared Chalcogenide Ring Resonator

High-quality Mid-infrared Chalcogenide Ring Resonator

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Lu, Bright Xu, Bo Krueper, Greg Zohrabi, Mo Gopinath, Juliet T. Park, Wounjhang Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

We report Ge23Sb7S70 chalcogenide ring resonators with up to 8 × 104 quality factors operating around 3.6 µm wavelength fabricated through e-beam lithography. Their rib waveguide geometry can be engineered to support close-to-zero dispersion modes needed for mid-infrared microcomb generation. CLEO 2024 © Optica Publishing Group 2024 © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Ring lasers

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Measuring the Minimum Power Requirement of FPGA Architectural Specifications 25

Measuring the Minimum Power Requirement of FPGA Architectura...

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Proceedings of the 2025 ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field programmable Gate Arrays

作者： Andy Ye Anas Razzaq Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto Ontario Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713965

Bypass capacitances bridge the gap between momentary surges of power demand caused by switching transistors and the ability of power supplies to respond to these surges. Even though bypass capacitances are not explicitly specified in FPGA architectural specifications, the gate capacitances of quiescent transistors in an FPGA architecture can act as symbiotic bypass capacitances. Since any additional dedicated bypass capacitances can increase the implementation area of an FPGA, it is important to measure the ability of the quiescent bypass capacitances in maintaining stable operating voltages while the FPGA is powered by voltage sources with limited power outputs. This work measures the ability of the quiescent bypass capacitances in maintaining stable supply voltages under limited power in the context of FPGA architectural investigations. We found that, for the 12-LUT logic cluster investigated in this work, to limit VDD value droop to 5% of the nominal VDD value, the power source must be able to produce 3 times of the average power consumed by the same logic cluster powered by an ideal voltage source. When the power output is further reduced, VDD value droop increases, resulting in significantly increased delay and reduced noise margin. In addition, the degree of parallel execution also has a significant effect on VDD value. In particular, at the nominal VDD value of 0.9 volts and the maximum power output of 28.1 uW, executing all 12 LUTs in parallel results in VDD value drooping to a minimum value of 0.370 volts while executing 1 LUT at a time results in VDD value drooping to a minimum of 0.690 volts, with both cases achieving similar computing time. These results suggest that FPGA architectural evaluations should take bypass capacitances and the power limit of voltage sources into consideration in order to design efficient FPGA architectures for low power applications.

关键词： power-limited fpga architecture

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Investigating the effect of cerebral atrophy on brain deformation using subject-specific models

Investigating the effect of cerebral atrophy on brain deform...

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Medical Imaging 2023: biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging

作者： Hong, Allen Carass, Aaron Zuo, Lianrui Prince, Jerry L. Alshareef, Ahmed Department of Biomedical Engineering The College of New Jersey EwingNJ08618 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health BaltimoreMD20892 United States Biomedical Engineering Program University of South Carolina ColumbiaSC29208 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510660410

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a major health risk that increases with age. Natural brain aging results in cerebral atrophy and the enlargement of the ventricular regions. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cerebral atrophy on brain biomechanics with subject-specific models to determine the risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Utilizing subjects from a longitudinal study of aging in healthy volunteers, we created subject-specific brain models of a small cohort with progressive age-related cerebral atrophy. We then simulate concussive loading conditions to study changes in brain deformation, a correlate to risk of TBI. The results display differing trends with increasing ventricle volume, with some subjects exhibiting increases and others showing decreasing strain. Additional subject simulations are needed to clarify these the causes of these trends. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Health risks

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Objective Sleep Quality Measurement based on Fuzzy Logic and Wearable Device 8

Objective Sleep Quality Measurement based on Fuzzy Logic and...

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8th International Conference on computer Science and Computational Intelligence, ICCSCI 2023

作者： Wijaya, Jason A. Andersen, Pauw D. Surantha, Nico Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Tokyo City University Japan

Sleep is the natural state of relaxation for human being. Sleep quality is an essential yet frequently neglected aspect of sleep in general. Sleep quality is essential because it allows the body to restore itself and prepare for the next day. The standard method for evaluating sleep quality was subjective evaluation. Actigraphy devices, which can measure the sleep cycle, are now widely available. This study developed a method using Fuzzy Logic and an actigraphy device to measure and classify sleep quality. The fuzzy logic method was developed in several stages, which are determining the sleep quality measurement parameters, constructing the fuzzy set for each input variable, and developing the fuzzy rules. To evaluate the proposed fuzzy model, five individuals were invited to participate in the experiment and required to complete the PSQI subjective sleep questionnaire. The evaluation result shows that our proposed Fuzzy model achieves lower error compared to the existing method. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： actigraphy artificial intelligences fuzzy logic sleep sleep quality

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A Comparative Study of Dynamic Comparators in Low-Voltage SAR ADC

A Comparative Study of Dynamic Comparators in Low-Voltage SA...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Fei Yuan Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350387179

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387186

This paper provides a comparative study of dynamic comparators in low-voltage successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The architecture, comparison time, and power consumption of four widely used dynamic comparators are studied first. It is followed with an investigation of kickback in these comparators. We show although clock kickback is common-mode, the impedance asymmetry of the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of SAR ADCs arising from the different channel resistances of DAC switches and manifesting itself only when supply voltage is low gives rise to a differential clock kickback that occurs earlier than output regeneration kickback with more strength and dictates the kickback of dynamic comparators. The dependence of the clock kickback on the input of SAR ADCs in least significant bit (LSB) conversion where the input is the smallest is investigated. The offset voltage of the dynamic comparators and its dependence on supply voltage are also investigated.

关键词： Low voltage Power demand Circuits and systems Digital-analog conversion Voltage Registers Impedance

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Bubble-pen lithography:Fundamentals and applications

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Aggregate 2022年第4期3卷 85-100页

作者： Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara Ritvik Mahendra Jingang Li Yuebing Zheng Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA Material Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials InstituteThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA

Developing on-chip functional devices requires reliable fabrication methods with high resolution for miniaturization,desired components for enhanced performance,and high throughput for fast prototyping and mass ***,laser-based bubble-pen lithography(BPL)has been developed to enable sub-micron linewidths,in situ synthesis of custom materials,and on-demand patterning for various functional components and *** exploits Marangoni convection induced by a laser-controlled microbubble to attract,accumulate,and immobilize particles,ions,and molecules onto different *** years have witnessed tremendous progress in theory,engineering,and application of BPL,which motivated us to write this ***,an overview of experimental demonstrations and theoretical understandings of BPL is ***,we discuss the advantages of BPL and its diverse applications in quantum dot displays,biological and chemical sensing,clinical diagnosis,nanoalloy synthesis,and *** conclude this review with our perspective on the challenges and future directions of BPL.

关键词： additive manufacturing capillary flow lithography marangoni convection microbubbles sensing

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Gated Ring Oscillator Time Amplifier with Pico-Second Sensitivity and Applications in All-Digital Variable-Gain Time Integrator

Gated Ring Oscillator Time Amplifier with Pico-Second Sensit...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Fei Yuan Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350330991

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331004

A gated ring oscillator time amplifier (GROTA) featuring a well-defined programmable gain, the ability to amplify a pico-second input, an unlimited range of gain, and full compatibility with technology is proposed. The transfer characteristics of the GROTA and a time offset tuning mechanism enabling the amplification of a pico-second input are presented. The characteristics and impact of supply noise and device noise are studied. A variable-gain time integrator consisting of the proposed GROTA and a bi-directional gated ring oscillator (BD-GRO) time integrator is developed and its silicon implementation in TSMC 120 nm 1.2 V CMOS is provided with simulation results.

关键词： Ring oscillators Sensitivity Circuits and systems Simulation Noise Bidirectional control Logic gates

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Efficient Digital Twin Data Processing for Low-Latency Multicast Short Video Streaming

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Xinyu Hu, Shisheng Li, Mushu Huang, Cheng Shen, Xuemin Sherman Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada Department of Electrical Computer & Biomedical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University Canada School of Computer Science Fudan University China

In this paper, we propose a novel efficient digital twin (DT) data processing scheme to reduce service latency for multicast short video streaming. Particularly, DT is constructed to emulate and analyze user status for multicast group update and swipe feature abstraction. Then, a precise measurement model of DT data processing is developed to characterize the relationship among DT model size, user dynamics, and user clustering accuracy. A service latency model, consisting of DT data processing delay, video transcoding delay, and multicast transmission delay, is constructed by incorporating the impact of user clustering accuracy. Finally, a joint optimization problem of DT model size selection and bandwidth allocation is formulated to minimize the service latency. To efficiently solve this problem, a diffusion-based resource management algorithm is proposed, which utilizes the denoising technique to improve the action-generation process in the deep reinforcement learning algorithm. Simulation results based on the real-world dataset demonstrate that the proposed DT data processing scheme outperforms benchmark schemes in terms of service latency. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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FlexSATE: Flexible and Distributed Traffic engineering with Supervised Learning in Ultra-Dense Low-Earth-Orbit Satellite Networks

FlexSATE: Flexible and Distributed Traffic Engineering with ...

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2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Liu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Zitian Qin, Xiaohan Zhou, Haibo Zhao, Lian Nanjing University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing210023 China Zhejiang Gongshang University School of Information and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou China Toronto Metropolitan University Department of Electrical Computer Biomedical Engineering TorontoONM5B 2K3 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

The ultra-dense low earth orbit (UD-LEO) satellite network is being vigorously developed due to its great potential in providing global coverage and services. For the sake of improved network performance in resource-constrained satellite networks, multipath schemes are being explored. However, state-of-the-art multipath routing algorithms face the challenge when dealing with highly dynamic satellite network features (i.e., frequent traffic variation, link failures) and fail to exploit the simple grid topology to design fast yet efficient traffic engineering (TE) approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed TE scheme called Flexible Satellite Traffic engineering (FlexSATE), which leverages global path computation coupled with distributed local routing decisions to improve the overall load balancing performance for ultra-dense LEO satellite networks. By constructing a minimum-hop binary tree (MHBT), we propose an MHBT-based k-segment Routing algorithm, which is capable of promptly discovering routing paths with low latency, high diversity, and good load balancing. To further enhance network transmission performance, we employ supervised learning into dynamic rate adaption, where FlexSATE employs centralized offline learning to derive insights from the globally optimal routing strategy and utilizes distributed deployment to predict the optimal distribution of traffic in real time. Our simulation results on a real-world typical Walker-delta type LEO constellation with 720 satellites show that FlexSATE outperforms some existing approaches with superior robustness and flexibility. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Binary trees

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