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Dynamic Evolutionary Game-based Modeling,Analysis and Performance Enhancement of Blockchain Channels

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第1期10卷 188-202页

作者： PeiYun Zhang MengChu Zhou ChenXi Li Abdullah Abusorrah IEEE the School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China the Helen and John C.Hartmann Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102 USA the School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241003China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineeringand Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power SystemsKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21481Saudi Arabia

The recent development of channel technology has promised to reduce the transaction verification time in blockchain *** transactions are transmitted through the channels created by nodes,the nodes need to cooperate with each *** one party refuses to do so,the channel is unstable.A stable channel is thus *** nodes may show uncooperative behavior,they may have a negative impact on the stability of such *** order to address this issue,this work proposes a dynamic evolutionary game model based on node *** model considers various defense strategies'cost and attack success ratio under *** can dynamically adjust their strategies according to the behavior of attackers to achieve their effective *** equilibrium stability of the proposed model can be *** proposed model can be applied to general channel *** is compared with two state-of-the-art blockchain channels:Lightning network and Spirit *** experimental results show that the proposed model can be used to improve a channel's stability and keep it in a good cooperative stable *** its use enables a blockchain to enjoy higher transaction success ratio and lower transaction transmission delay than the use of its two peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel network evolutionary game malicious behavior secure computing stability analysis

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Metasurfaces for next-generation wireless communication systems

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 17-19页

作者： Younes Ra'di Nikita Nefedkin Petar Popovski Andrea Alù Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York

The pace of development in the world of 5G communication systems has proven to be much more demanding than previous generations, with 5G-Advanced seemingly around the corner [1]. Extensive research is already underway to structure the next generation of wireless systems(i.e. 6G), which may potentially enable an unprecedented level of human–machine interaction [2].

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Process Monitoring Based on Temporal Feature Agglomeration and Enhancement

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第3期10卷 825-827页

作者： Xiao Liang Weiwu Yan Yusun Fu Huihe Shao Department of Automation the School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Automation the School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai 200240China

Dear Editor,This letter proposes a process-monitoring method based on temporal feature agglomeration and enhancement,in which a novel feature extractor called contrastive feature extractor(CFE)extracts the temporal and relational features among process *** the feature representations are enhanced by maximizing the separation among different classes while minimizing the scatter within each class.

关键词： among while letter

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Generalized hybrid LiFi-WiFi UniPHY learning framework towards intelligent UAV-based indoor networks

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International Journal of Intelligent Networks 2024年第1期5卷 255-266页

作者： Ahmad, Rizwana Anwar, Dil Nashin Bany Salameh, Haythem Elgala, Hany Ayyash, Moussa Almajali, Sufyan El-Khazali, Reyad Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department University of Cambridge United Kingdom Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University at Albany-State University of New York United States Artificial Intelligence Research Center Al Ain University Al Ain United Arab Emirates Telecommunications Engineering Department Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan Department of Computing Information and Technology Chicago State University ChicagoIL United States Department of Computer Science Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman Jordan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, along with indoor hybrid LiFi-WiFi networks (HLWN), promise the development of cost-effective, energy-efficient, adaptable, reliable, rapid, and on-demand HLWN-capable indoor flying networks (IFNs). To achieve this, a unified physical layer (UniPHY) capable of simultaneous control communication, data transfer, and sensing is crucial. However, traditional block-based decoders, designed independently for LiFi and WiFi, perform poorly in complex and hybrid LiFi-WiFi-enabled UniPHY systems. In this study, we propose an end-to-end learning framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for UniPHY, which can be trained to serve hybrid LiFi-WiFi transmissions to improve error performance and simplify UAV hardware. In this work, the performance of the proposed framework is assessed and compared with that of the conventional independent block-based communication system. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of optimal hyper-parameters for efficient training of our learning framework has been provided. It is shown that, with optimal hyper-parameters, the proposed CNN-based framework outperforms the conventional block-based approach by providing a signal-to-noise ratio gain of approximately 7 dB for the LiFi channel and 23 dB for the WiFi channel. In addition, we evaluate the complexity and training convergence for loss and accuracy. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Data transfer

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Isolation Enhancement in a Compact Four-Element MIMO Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 911-925页

作者： Awais Khan Shahid Bashir Salman Ghafoor Hatem Rmili Jawad Mirza Ammar Ahmad Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Science and TechnologyBannu28100Pakistan School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science(SEECS) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia SEECS Photonic Research Group National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan

Mutual coupling reduction or isolation enhancement in antenna arrays is an important area of research as it severely affects the performance of an *** this paper,a new type of compact and highly isolated Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output(MIMO)antenna for ultra-wideband(UWB)applications is *** design consists of four radiators that are orthogonally positioned and confined to a compact 40×40×0.8 mm3 *** final antenna design uses an inverted L shape partial ground to produce an acceptable reflection coefficient(S11<−10 dB)in an entire UWB band(3.1–10.6)giga hertz(GHz).Moreover,the inter-element isolation has also been enhanced to>20 db for majority of the UWB *** antenna was fabricated and tested with the vector network analyzer(VNA)and in an anechoic chamber for scattering parameters and radiation ***,different MIMO diversity performance metrics are also measured to validate the proposed *** simulation results and the experimental results from the constructed model agree quite *** proposed antenna is compared with similar designs in recently published literature for various performance *** of its low envelope correlation coefficient(ECC<0.1),high diversity gain(DG>9.99 dB),peak gain of 4.6 dB,reduced channel capacity loss(CCL<0.4 b/s/Hz),and average radiation efficiency of over 85%,the proposed MIMO antenna is ideally suited for practical UWB applications.

关键词： Multiple input multiple output antennas envelope correlation coefficient defected ground structure ultra wide band diversity gain

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A 16 nm 140 TOPS/W 5 μj/Inference Keyword Spotting Engine Based on 1D-BCNN

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 2023年第12期70卷 4564-4568页

作者： Lin, Tay-Jyi Ting, Yi-Hsuan Hsu, Meng-Ze Lin, Kuan-Han Huang, Chung-Ming Tsai, Fu-Cheng Sheu, Shyh-Shyuan Chang, Shih-Chieh Yeh, Chingwei Wang, Jinn-Shyan SoC Research Center AIM-HI Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chiayi621 Taiwan SoC Research Center AIM-HI Department of Electrical Engineering Chiayi621 Taiwan Hsinchu300 Taiwan Hsinchu310 Taiwan

This brief presents an event-driven keyword spotting (KWS) system for reducing the significant but usually ignored energy dissipations on the 'always-on' A/D converter and microphone. 'Low energy per inference' and 'fast responsiveness' are new design goals of such KWS engine. A 7-layer 1-dimensional binarized convolutional neural network (1D-BCNN) was designed to achieve 95% inference accuracy for detecting 10 keywords, plus silence and unknown, from raw speech, and 64 32-element signed binary inner product units were allocated in the engine to deliver the 4,096 operations/cycle maximum throughput. The 16nm implementation consumes only 0.1mm2 silicon area and 5μJ /inference energy (including memory accesses), while achieving 1.72ms response time. The performance is comparable to state-of-the-art KWS designs without sacrificing number of detectable keywords or inference accuracy. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Evolutionary Optimization Methods for High-Dimensional Expensive Problems:A Survey

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第5期11卷 1092-1105页

作者： MengChu Zhou Meiji Cui Dian Xu Shuwei Zhu Ziyan Zhao Abdullah Abusorrah Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102 USA School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China School of Intelligent Manufacturing Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Institute of Systems Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

Evolutionary computation is a rapidly evolving field and the related algorithms have been successfully used to solve various real-world optimization *** past decade has also witnessed their fast progress to solve a class of challenging optimization problems called high-dimensional expensive problems(HEPs).The evaluation of their objective fitness requires expensive resource due to their use of time-consuming physical experiments or computer ***,it is hard to traverse the huge search space within reasonable resource as problem dimension *** evolutionary algorithms(EAs)tend to fail to solve HEPs competently because they need to conduct many such expensive evaluations before achieving satisfactory *** reduce such evaluations,many novel surrogate-assisted algorithms emerge to cope with HEPs in recent *** there lacks a thorough review of the state of the art in this specific and important *** paper provides a comprehensive survey of these evolutionary algorithms for *** start with a brief introduction to the research status and the basic concepts of ***,we present surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms for HEPs from four main *** also give comparative results of some representative algorithms and application ***,we indicate open challenges and several promising directions to advance the progress in evolutionary optimization algorithms for HEPs.

关键词： computer optimization evolutionary

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Rethinking Data Heterogeneity in Federated Learning: Introducing a New Notion and Standard Benchmarks

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第3期5卷 1386-1397页

作者： Vahidian, Saeed Morafah, Mahdi Chen, Chen Shah, Mubarak Lin, Bill Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Center for Research in Computer Vision University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816-2365 United States Center for Research in ComputerVision University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States

Though successful, federated learning (FL) presents new challenges for machine learning, especially when the issue of data heterogeneity, also known as Non-IID data, arises. To cope with the statistical heterogeneity, previous works incorporated a proximal term in local optimization or modified the model aggregation scheme at the server side or advocated clustered federated learning approaches, where the central server groups agent population into clusters with jointly trainable data distributions to take the advantage of a certain level of personalization. While effective, they lack a deep elaboration on what kind of data heterogeneity and how the data heterogeneity impacts the accuracy performance of the participating clients. In contrast to many of the prior FL approaches,wedemonstrate not only the issue of data heterogeneity in current setups is not necessarily a problem but also in fact it can be beneficial for *** are intuitive: 1) Dissimilar labels of clients (label skew) are not necessarily considered data heterogeneity, and 2) the principal angle between the clients' data subspaces spanned by their corresponding principal vectors of data is a better estimate of the data heterogeneity. Impact Statement-FL is becoming a compelling learning paradigm in the artificial intelligence (AI) area. However, FL suffers from a notorious issue which is the existence of statistical Non-IID data across different distributed clients. Due to diverse participants, severe data heterogeneity can be present in different clients data, which has been demonstrated to result in unstable and slow convergence. For instance, training a global model across hospitals to identify brain/cancer tumors where every hospitals? images come froma different domain/distribution. To simulate this statistical data heterogeneity, data heterogeneity has been simply modeled as Non-IID label skewwhich tends to be a rigid data partitioning and is hardly representative and th

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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research on Cogging Torque of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Caused by Manufacturing Tolerances 4

Research on Cogging Torque of Interior Permanent-Magnet Sync...

引用

4th International Symposium on electrical, Electronics and Information engineering, ISEEIE 2024

作者： Zhong, Xin Liu, Yingzhen Ou, Jing Liang, Dawei Chen, Liang Xu, Dianguo School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Corporate Research Center Midea Group Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355772

The Interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used in servo motors due to its high-power density and excellent dynamic performance. However, the high cogging torque and torque ripple reduce the control accuracy of the servo system. Manufacturing tolerances inevitably exist during the manufacture of the stator and rotor, which makes the stator and rotor not an idealized symmetrical structure and results in higher cogging torque and torque ripple. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of manufacturing tolerance on the cogging torque of IPMSM through theoretical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA). Firstly, the cogging torque is analyzed theoretically based on the energy method. In order to clearly show the relationship between the magnitude of different cogging torque components and the number of poles and slots of the motor, mathematical formulas for cogging torque taking into account manufacturing tolerances are derived. Secondly, through finite element analysis, it is verified that the rotor and stator manufacturing tolerance generate the low-frequency harmonic components of the cogging torque. The sensitivity of different types of motors and pole and slot combination of manufacturing tolerances to the cogging torque is analyzed, which provides motor designers with methods and directions for reducing cogging torque. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Modified Integrated Regulator Strategy for High Density Interleaved DC-DC Converter with Enhancement Conversion Ratio and Losses Mitigation 50

Modified Integrated Regulator Strategy for High Density Inte...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Karimi, Mohsen Farsijani, Mohammad Jamil, Mohsin Iranian Research Institute for Electrical Engineering Academic Center for Education Culture and Research Tehran Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland Newfoundland St John’sNL Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Chicago ChicagoIL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

The high power DC-DC converters are widely used in industrial and renewable application due to variable dc source. For this purpose, the interleaved dual cascade DCDC converter (IDCC) is the most advantageous due to its and low ripple with high boosting factor and high potential efficiency. To optimize IDCC performance, an integrated regulator ensures equal current sharing between levels, with voltage cascading to boost the output voltage. The integrated regulator technique (IRT) is designed to control all regulators at each level to maintain an optimal switching period, thereby reducing switching dissipation and decreasing ripple. Its ability to handle high voltages conversion with a consistent low ripple output and modular structure enhance performance. It has demonstrated a 1.5% current ripple and up to 94% efficiency in high-power density applications. Simulation and experimental results of a 2 kW prototype validate the IRT's performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： DC-DC converters

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