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OFDM with Generalized Cascade Index Modulation for Secure Communications

China Communications 2024年第10期21卷 210-225页

作者： Hu Zeng Jin Xiaopin Yao Yudong Chen Fangjiong Wan Dehuan Liu Yun College of Information Science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225China College of Information Engineering China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ 07030USA School of Electronic and Information Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Guangdong University of FinanceGuangzhou 510521China

Cascade index modulation(CIM) is a recently proposed improvement of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation(OFDM-IM) and achieves better error *** CIM, at least two different IM operations construct a super IM operation or achieve new functionality. First, we propose a OFDM with generalized CIM(OFDM-GCIM) scheme to achieve a joint IM of subcarrier selection and multiple-mode(MM)permutations by using a multilevel digital ***, two schemes, called double CIM(D-CIM) and multiple-layer CIM(M-CIM), are proposed for secure communication, which combine new IM operation for disrupting the original order of bits and symbols with conventional OFDM-IM, to protect the legitimate users from eavesdropping in the wireless communications. A subcarrier-wise maximum likelihood(ML) detector and a low complexity log-likelihood ratio(LLR) detector are proposed for the legitimate users. A tight upper bound on the bit error rate(BER) of the proposed OFDM-GCIM, D-CIM and MCIM at the legitimate users are derived in closed form by employing the ML criteria detection. computer simulations and numerical results show that the proposed OFDM-GCIM achieves superior error performance than OFDM-IM, and the error performance at the eavesdroppers demonstrates the security of D-CIM and M-CIM.

关键词： cascade index modulation low-complexity detector maximum likelihood OFDM physical layer security

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Hyperbolic Pattern Detection in Ground Penetrating Radar Images Using Faster R-CNN 20

Hyperbolic Pattern Detection in Ground Penetrating Radar Ima...

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20th International Conference on electrical engineering/Electronics, computer, Telecommunications and Information technology, ECTI-CON 2023

作者： Srimuk, Pachara Boonpoonga, Akkarat Kaemarungsi, Kamol Athikulwongse, Krit Torrungrueng, Danai Chantasen, Nattawat King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bangkok Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency National Electronics and Computer Technology Center Pathumthani Thailand Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering Bangkok Thailand Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350310467

This study presents the application of Faster RCNN, a popular Region Based Convolutional Neural Network, for detecting hyperbolic patterns in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) images. GPR is an important tool for subsurface imaging in various fields such as geology, archaeology, and engineering. However, the analysis of GPR images can be challenging due to noise, small objects, and variations in object sizes. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, 369 simulated GPR B-scan images were generated using GprMax simulation software. These images included single, double, and triple hyperbolic patterns. The results showed that preprocessing improved the detection accuracy and led to higher Intersection over Union (IoU) scores. The experimental results demonstrate that Faster R-CNN is an effective tool for hyperbolic pattern detection in GPR images and provides a promising direction for future research in the field. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Ground penetrating radar systems

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Characterizing Memory Access Patterns of Various Convolutional Neural Networks for Utilizing Processing-in-Memory

Characterizing Memory Access Patterns of Various Convolution...

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2023 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication, ICEIC 2023

作者： Jang, Jihoon Kim, Hyun Lee, Hyokeun Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology Seoul National University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320213

Convolutional neural network (CNN) models require deeper networks and more training data for better performance, which in turn results in greater computational and memory requirements. In this paper, we analyze the memory access patterns that occur in main memory during the training processes of various CNN models. CNN training is a linear procedure consisting of a forward pass (FP) and a backward pass (BP). As a result of the analysis, we found that BP accounted for 83.4% of the total main memory accesses on average. Therefore, CNN training including FP and BP is much more memory-intensive than CNN inference using only FP. This demonstrates that CNN training is a suitable application for near-data processing to reduce memory bottlenecks and conserve computational resources. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Networks Memory access pattern Near data processing Network training Processing-in-Memory

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Modeling and Simulating more efficient and reliable fuel cell vehicles through enhancing the integration of the 6kW PEM fuel cell stack with DC/DC boost converter and BLDC motor 33

Modeling and Simulating more efficient and reliable fuel cel...

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33rd Southern African Universities Power engineering Conference, SAUPEC 2025

作者： Mtumka, Olona Krishnamurthy, Senthil Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville Center for Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Cape Town7530 South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535162

This study focuses on enhancing the integration of the PEM fuel cell, DC/DC boost converter, and BLDC motor, which help to develop more efficient and dependable fuel cell vehicles. The development of renewable energy sources for power generation has received much attention due to the depletion of fossil fuel supplies worldwide and economic difficulties. Fuel cells are one of the most efficient and cleanest power generation methods. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the preferred type of fuel cell for vehicles because of its high energy density, fast start-up, and lack of pollution. This paper aims to model and simulate a PEM fuel cell stack to power a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor for a fuel cell vehicle to reduce emissions in the transportation sectors. A boost converter is implemented to boost the output voltage of the PEM fuel cell stack to 100 V. The paper utilizes the trapezoidal commutation of the BLDC motor to drive the inverter. The trapezoidal commutation uses the six-switching technique to control the inverter's phase currents. The variation of fuel flow rate and drive cycle are included to observe the effect on the operation of the fuel cell stack. The paper presents the modeling and simulation of the PEM Fuel cell stack to improve power conversion, energy management, and vehicle control, helping to make fuel cell vehicles more viable for widespread adoption in the future. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Brushless DC motors

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A comparison study between Modbus and IEC 61850 MMS Protocols 33

A comparison study between Modbus and IEC 61850 MMS Protocol...

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33rd Southern African Universities Power engineering Conference, SAUPEC 2025

作者： Johnson, Rayner Krishnamurthy, Senthil Mataifa, Haltor Esmail, Mohammed Cape Peninsula University of Technology Center for Substation Automation and Energy Management Systems Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Cape Town7530 South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535162

The growing adoption of renewable energy primary plants has been seen globally. South Africa has seen a significant development in utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) farms in recent years due to the alleviated regulations stipulated in the latest Electricity Regulation Amendment Act. Connecting the PV plants to the power grid has also undergone a technical evolution by incorporating modern embedded computers known as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). The International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) 61850 standard defines a suite of protocols used in modern power systems. This study compares the IEC 61850 Manufacturing Messaging Specification (MMS) with the well-known MODBUS protocol. The comparison is achieved by simulating a solar farm's Power Plant Controller (PPC). © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Solar power plants

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UCR-SSL: Uncertainty-Based Consistency Regularization for Semi-Supervised Learning

UCR-SSL: Uncertainty-Based Consistency Regularization for Se...

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2023 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication, ICEIC 2023

作者： Lee, Seungil Kim, Hyun Chun, Dayoung Seoul National University of Science and Technology Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of Seoul National University Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320213

Recently, semi-supervised learning methods are being actively developed to increase the performance of neural networks by using large amounts of unlabeled data. Among these techniques, pseudo-labeling methods have the advantage of low computational complexity, but are vulnerable to missing annotations. To solve this problem, we propose a method called uncertainty-based consistency regularization (UCR). UCR models a detection head to obtain different outputs for input images and computes a feature map of each. Subsequently, these feature maps are matched with the original and filtered ground truth (GT), and are classified as positive and negative samples, respectively. In this process, missing samples are generated by the filtered GT;therefore, we use a specialized loss function designed to reduce the logit difference of the samples for robustness against missing annotations. We also use the uncertainty extracted through Gaussian modeling as a criterion for annotation filtering to train the network to focus on reliable results. As a result of experiments with an SSD model on the Pascal VOC dataset, the proposed approach achieved an improvement of 0.7% in terms of mAP compared to a baseline method. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Consistency Regularization Convolutional Neural Network Semi-Supervised Object Detection Uncertainty

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A Parallel Color Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a 2-D Logistic-Rulkov Neuron Map

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 18115-18124页

作者： Gao, Suo Zhang, Zheyi Iu, Herbert Ho-Ching Ding, Siqi Mou, Jun Erkan, Uğur Toktas, Abdurrahim Li, Qi Wang, Chunpeng Cao, Yinghong Dalian Polytechnic University School of Information Science and Engineering Dalian116034 China The University of Western Australia School of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering PerthWA6009 Australia Dalian University of Technology School of Mathematical Sciences Dalian116024 China Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Karaman70200 Turkey Ankara University Engineering Faculty Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering Ankara06830 Turkey Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250000 China

Images are widely used in social networks, necessitating efficient and secure transmission, especially in bandwidth-constrained environments. This article aims to develop a color image encryption algorithm that enhances security while optimizing computational efficiency. A novel parallel color image encryption algorithm based on the 2-D logistic-Rulkov neuron map (2D-LRNM) is proposed. In this approach, the three channels of the color image are first separated. Cross-channel information interaction is introduced to form three new channels, which are then processed in parallel. During the encryption process of each channel, a block-wise parallel encryption mechanism is applied, ensuring simultaneous encryption of each block. This block-wise strategy effectively leverages parallel computing resources and balances the task load. To meet the demand for a large number of keystreams during encryption, the 2D-LRNM is introduced. It combines the simplicity and chaotic properties of the Logistic map with the multitimescale dynamics and neurodynamic behaviors of the Rulkov map. By overcoming the dimensional limitations inherent in the single Logistic map, this approach extends the system to a 2-D framework, significantly increasing the complexity of chaotic behavior and improving its unpredictability. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed encryption algorithm achieves high security and reduces computation time by approximately 83.3%. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Encryption algorithms

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Prediction of Geopolymer Concrete Compressive Strength Using Convolutional Neural Networks

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1455-1486页

作者： Kolli Ramujee Pooja Sadula Golla Madhu Sandeep Kautish Abdulaziz S.Almazyad Guojiang Xiong Ali Wagdy Mohamed Department of Civil Engineering VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelangana500090India Department of Information Technology VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelangana500090India Department of Computer Science LBEF Campus(Asia Pacific University of Technology&InnovationMalaysia)Kathmandu44600Nepal Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Guizhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology in Power System College of Electrical EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmmanJordan

Geopolymer concrete emerges as a promising avenue for sustainable development and offers an effective solution to environmental *** attributes as a non-toxic,low-carbon,and economical substitute for conventional cement concrete,coupled with its elevated compressive strength and reduced shrinkage properties,position it as a pivotal material for diverse applications spanning from architectural structures to transportation *** this context,this study sets out the task of using machine learning(ML)algorithms to increase the accuracy and interpretability of predicting the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete in the civil engineering *** achieve this goal,a new approach using convolutional neural networks(CNNs)has been *** study focuses on creating a comprehensive dataset consisting of compositional and strength parameters of 162 geopolymer concrete mixes,all containing Class F fly *** selection of optimal input parameters is guided by two distinct *** first criterion leverages insights garnered from previous research on the influence of individual features on compressive *** second criterion scrutinizes the impact of these features within the model’s predictive *** to enhancing the CNN model’s performance is the meticulous determination of the optimal *** a systematic trial-and-error process,the study ascertains the ideal number of epochs for data division and the optimal value of k for k-fold cross-validation—a technique vital to the model’s *** model’s predictive prowess is rigorously assessed via a suite of performance metrics and comprehensive score ***,the model’s adaptability is gauged by integrating a secondary dataset into its predictive framework,facilitating a comparative evaluation against conventional prediction *** unravel the intricacies of the CNN model’s learning trajectory,a loss plot is deployed to elucidate its learning rat

关键词： Class F fly ash compressive strength geopolymer concrete prediction deep learning convolutional neural network

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Performance Analysis of Energy and Secure Efficient Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

Performance Analysis of Energy and Secure Efficient Routing ...

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2024 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications, DASA 2024

作者： Ahmed, Amjed Abbas Hussein, Zainab Mohammed Najim, Ali Hamza Ali Alheeti, Khattab M. Mohd Satar, Nurhizam Safie Abdallah Hashim, Aisha Hassan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and Technology Bangi Malaysia Department of Computer Techniques Engineering Baghdad Iraq Baghdad Iraq Department of Computer Technical Engineering Al-Diwaniyah Iraq College of Computer and Information Technology Computer Networking Systems Department University of Anbar Anbar Iraq Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and Technology Bangi43600 Malaysia International Islamic University Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Selangor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369106

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are essential for various applications, but their architecture makes them vulnerable to attacks. While traditional security methods like authentication and encryption offer some protection, they often fall short against specific node attacks. This paper introduces the Secure Energy Aware Routing (SEAR) strategy, which uses trust-based assessments to exclude malicious nodes while optimizing energy consumption. SEAR factors in node trust, hop time, and residual energy to ensure reliable data transmission through trustworthy nodes. MATLAB simulations on networks of varying sizes (100-500) compare SEAR with existing methods (EAD and EASER), demonstrating SEAR's superior performance. Results show significant improvements in packet delivery ratio (13-16%), network throughput (19-24 %), energy consumption (32-36%), packet loss (16-190/0), and end-to-end latency (21-26%), proving SEAR's effectiveness in enhancing WSN security, energy efficiency, and performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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Multi-hop emergency message dissemination through optimal cooperative forwarder in grid-based 5G-VANETs

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第4期14卷 4461-4476页

作者： Ullah, Sami Abbas, Ghulam Waqas, Muhammad Abbas, Ziaul Haq Halim, Zahid Telecommunications and Networking Research Center GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi23460 Pakistan Department of Computer Science Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Upper Dir Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi23460 Pakistan School of Engineering Edith Cowan University PerthWA6027 Australia Department of Computer Engineering College of Information Technology University of Bahrain Zallaq32038 Bahrain Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi23460 Pakistan

Emergency message (EM) dissemination is a significant process in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and plays a vital role in road safety. Nonetheless, EMs’ dissemination while avoiding broadcast storms poses a considerable challenge. Moreover, selecting optimal cooperative forwarders is also challenging because of unreliability, high end-to-end delay, and packet loss caused by localization errors. Besides, the conventional broadcast-based schemes usually choose forwarder vehicles based on distance, neglecting the influence of links’ qualities. To that end, we propose multi-hop EM dissemination (MEMD) through optimal cooperative forwarder in grid-based fifth-generation (5G) VANET environment. To ensure reliable EMs’ dissemination, we incorporate vehicle-to-everything communication instead of the conventional short-range vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The proposed scheme obtains vehicle positions by integrating GPS measurements with a map-matching technique to avoid vehicle localization errors. Instead of a single parameter, the proposed scheme selects an optimal cooperative forwarder by using our proposed fitness function, which considers different mobility and social parameters. The proposed scheme categorizes EMs’ dissemination into single-hop and multi-hop broadcasting to avoid unnecessary rebroadcasting and communication congestion in the network. Simulation results demonstrate that for varying density, the proposed scheme achieves an average increase of 12%, 9%, and 8.9% in coverage, and 7.95%, 4%, and 3.4% in PDR, and an average reduction of 13.5%, 7.2%, and 12.7% in E2E delay, and 20.9%, 11.3%, and 4% in rebroadcast ratio, as compared to LCL, REMD, and EMDZoI, respectively. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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