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Intrinsic Entropy: A Novel Adaptive Method for Measuring the Instantaneous Complexity of Time Series

IEEE Signal Processing Letters 2023年 30卷 160-164页

作者： Huang, Po-Hsun Hsiao, Tzu-Chien Hsinchu300 Taiwan Nycu Department of Computer Science College of Cs and Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu300 Taiwan

The determination of appropriate parameters and an appropriate window size in most entropy-based measurements of time-series complexity is a challenging problem. Inappropriate settings can lead to the loss of intrinsic information within a time series. Therefore, two parameter-free methods, namely the intrinsic entropy (IE) and ensemble IE (eIE) methods, are proposed in this paper. The eIE method requires two parameters, which can be easily determined through an orthogonality test. The proposed approaches can measure instantaneous complexity;thus, they do not require a predetermined window size. White noise and three other varieties of colored noise were used to test the stability of the proposed methods, and five types of synthetic signals and logistic maps were applied for measuring instantaneous complexity and regularity. The results revealed that the IE and eIE methods exhibit satisfactory stability. Both methods provide point-by-point entropy measures for time series. The eIE method is useful for measuring the complexity of frequency and amplitude modulation. Furthermore, the periodicity of time series can be detected using the two proposed methods. © 1994-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Empirical mode decomposition

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Integrating the Internet of Things to Protect Electric Vehicle Control Systems from Cyber Attacks

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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2024年第3期54卷 433-440页

作者： Bhukya, Baddu Naik Venkataiah, V. Kuchibhatla, S. Mani Koteswari, S. Kumari, R.V.S. Lakshmi Raju, Yallapragada Ravi Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada India Department of Computer Science Engineering CMR College of Engineering & Technology Telangana Hyderabad India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ACE Engineering College Telangana Hyderabad India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Pragati Engineering College Kakinada India Andhra Pradesh Surampalem India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering for Women Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam India Department of Computer Science and Technology Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science Andhra Pradesh India

The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates the delivery of intelligent services by sensing, gathering, processing, and exchanging data from millions of linked smart devices. The Internet of Things (IoT), which is based on communication infrastructure, provides real-time cyber-physical device monitoring, control, and sensing, such as electric autos. Traditional communication infrastructure's vulnerability to cyberattacks hampered IoT's capacity to investigate these potential applications. This study proposes an algorithm for monitoring and controlling electric vehicles through the Internet of Things communication network to prevent fake data injection attacks. A state-space model depicts a fully autonomous electric car equipped with a vision system. Intelligent sensors and actuators from the Internet of Things are utilized to monitor and change system conditions, compensating for the large distance between the electric car and the control center. Sensing data is delivered from the vehicle to the central command center via an insecure, attack-prone communication path. The mean square error approach is used to derive states in the most effective state estimation system for comprehending and showing autos. A semi-definite programming approach is used to create an optimal control algorithm to manage the vehicle states. The simulation results show how precisely and successfully the proposed algorithms can foresee and regulate a vehicle's state. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Internet of things

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MLCD: Machine Learning-Based Code Version and Device Selection for Heterogeneous Systems

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IEEE Transactions on computers 2025年第7期74卷 2417-2430页

作者： Cao, Kaiwen Ye, Hanchen Pang, Yihan Chen, Deming University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UrbanaIL61801 United States University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Computer Science UrbanaIL61801 United States

Heterogeneous systems with hardware accelerators are increasingly common, and various optimized implementations/algorithms exist for computation kernels. However, no single best combination of code version and device (C&D) can outperform others across all input cases, demanding a method to select the best C&D pair based on input. We present machine learning-based code version and device selection method, named MLCD, that uses input data characteristics to select the best C&D pair dynamically. We also apply active learning to reduce the number of samples needed to construct the model. Demonstrated on two different CPU-GPU systems, MLCD achieves near-optimal speed-up regardless of which systems tested. Concretely, reporting results from system one with mid-end hardwares, it achieves 99.9%, 95.6%, 99.9%, and 98.6% of the optimal acceleration attainable through the ideal choice of C&D pairs in General Matrix Multiply, PageRank, N-body Simulation, and K-Motif Counting, respectively. MLCD achieves a speed-up of 2.57× 1.58×, 2.68×, and 1.09× compared to baselines without MLCD. Additionally, MLCD handles end-to-end applications, achieving up to 10% and 46% speed-up over GPU-only and CPU-only solutions with Graph Neural Networks. Furthermore, it achieves 7.28× average speed-up in execution latency over the state-of-the-art approach and determines suitable code versions for unseen input 108-1010 × faster. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Program processors

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Making Sense of Big Data in Intelligent Transportation Systems: Current Trends, Challenges and Future Directions

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ACM Computing Surveys 2025年第8期57卷 1-43页

作者： Ahmad Jan, Mian Adil, Muhammad Brik, Bouziane Harous, Saad Abbas, Sohail Department of Computer Science University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) generate massive amounts of Big Data through both sensory and non-sensory platforms. The data support batch processing as well as stream processing, which are essential for reliable operations on the roads and connected vehicles in ITS. Despite the immense potential of Big Data intelligence in ITS, autonomous vehicles are largely confined to testing and trial phases. The research community is working tirelessly to improve the reliability of ITS by designing new protocols, standards, and connectivity paradigms. In the recent past, several surveys have been conducted that focus on Big Data Intelligence for ITS, yet none of them have comprehensively addressed the fundamental challenges hindering the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles on the roads. Our survey aims to help readers better understand the technological advancements by delving deep into Big Data architecture, focusing on data acquisition, data storage, and data visualization. We reviewed sensory and non-sensory platforms for data acquisition, data storage repositories for archival and retrieval of large datasets, and data visualization for presenting the processed data in an interactive and comprehensible format. To this end, we discussed the current research progress by comprehensively covering the literature and highlighting challenges that urgently require the attention of the research community. Based on the concluding remarks, we argued that these challenges hinder the widespread presence of autonomous vehicles on the roads. Understanding these challenges is important for a more informed discussion on the future of self-driven technology. Moreover, we acknowledge that these challenges not only affect individual layers but also impact the functionality of subsequent layers. Finally, we outline our future work that explores how resolving these challenges could enable the realization of innovations such as smart charging systems on the roads and data centers

关键词： Intelligent transportation systems big data sensors storage visualization data centers on the wheels smart computers on the roads

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An effective intrusion detection system based on feature selection and regularized long short-term memory classifier

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-24页

作者： Chikkalwar, Sudha Rani Garapati, Yugandhar Department of Computer science and Engineering GITAM Deemed to be University Rudraram Hyderabad India Department of Computer science and Informatics Mahatma Gandhi University Telangana Nalgonda India

In recent days, the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) and the quick advancement of computer system applications contribute to the current phenomenon of data growth. The field of intrusion detection has expanded considerably as a result of the need to protect networks from various attacks. Previously, security has been provided by combining conventional intrusion monitoring systems with a high number of security measures. However, the ability of combined systems to analyze enormous amounts of data has been restricted. Therefore, in this research, open-source and freely available datasets known as NSL-KDD and CSE-CIC-IDS2018 datasets are analyzed. Those datasets contain a class column that splits the attack detection into two classes (normal and anomalous) and four categories (DoS, probe, R2L, and U2R). Then, feature encoding and scaling are used for pre-processing. After that, a SelectPercentile-based feature selection algorithm is suggested to identify the numerous various intrusion attacks and choose the best features. Later, the Regularized Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is employed to classify the data. The result analysis verified that Regularized LSTM surpasses the existing models in the NSL-KDD based on accuracy (99.95%), false alarm rate (0.05%), attack detection rate (99.82%), and f1-measure (99.94%). While in the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset, the Regularized LSTM method achieves better accuracy (99.33%), false alarm rate (0.07%), attack detection rate (99.96), and f1-measure (99.95%). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Design and Analysis of a UWB Slotted Vivaldi Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2023年第4期12卷 350-357页

作者： Paul, Liton Chandra Majumder, Akash Rani, Tithi Hossain, Md. Najmul Rahim, Md. Abdur Shin, Jungpil Yun, Keun Soo Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna6600 Bangladesh Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi6204 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Pabna University of Science and Technology Pabna6600 Bangladesh School of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Aizu / Fukushima Aizuwakamatsu965-8580 Japan School of Computer and Information Technology Ulsan College / Dong-gu Ulsan44610 Korea Republic of

An ultra-wideband (UWB) slotted compact Vivaldi antenna with a microstrip line feed was evaluated for microwave imaging (MI) applications. The recommended FR4 substrate-based Vivaldi antenna is 50×50×1.5 mm3 in size. The proposed compact Vivaldi antenna showed good radiation characteristics and spanned an ultra-wide bandwidth of 10 GHz, ranging from 3.6 to 13.6 GHz, using a microstrip line feed with a radial stub, tapered slots, and resonant cavities. After analyzing the simulation findings, the proposed compact slotted UWB Vivaldi antenna was compared with the basic Vivaldi antenna. The maximum gain and efficiency were 7.35 dB and 82%, respectively. The antenna was simulated in the time domain using the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. The frequency domain solver was also used for cross-validation, and the results were equally good. In conclusion, the proposed compact Vivaldi antenna is a good option for microwave imaging applications. © 2023 The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers.

关键词： Cavity resonators

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Analysis of standard deviation normalization in segmented target detection algorithm 21

Analysis of standard deviation normalization in segmented ta...

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Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications XXI 2024

作者： Elisha, Haim Rotman, Stanley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781510681088

This article presents a novel method for point target detection in remote sensing imagery, focusing on the development of an innovative approach to enhance detection accuracy and reduce false positives. The core contribution of this research lies in the refinement of traditional point target detection algorithms by introducing a targeted strategy to exclude edge artifacts and seamlessly integrating the methodology into a segmented matched filter framework. In this research we will expand the matched filter standard deviation filter (1) to the segmented matched filter. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Matched filters

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An Efficient Federated Learning Framework for IoT Intrusion Detection 100

An Efficient Federated Learning Framework for IoT Intrusion ...

引用

100th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2024-Fall

作者： Chen, Yushen Fang, Fang Wang, Boyu Zhang, Lan Western University Department of Computer Science London Canada Western University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering London Canada Clemson University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517786

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems has raised significant cybersecurity concerns. Deep learning (DL)-based methods have shown promising performance in detecting potential cyber threats in IoT networks. However, as these methods often involve data centralization, they can pose serious data privacy issues for IoT users and increase the communication burden of local networks. Federated learning (FL), as a distributed learning paradigm, enables privacy-preserving training of IoT intrusion detection models by requiring only model updates from IoT devices. However, the resource-constrained nature of IoT devices can significantly decrease FL training efficiencies, such as increased training latency and delayed convergence speed. Moreover, the data heterogeneous issues of IoT devices can also impact the accuracy and robustness of the trained model. To address these challenges, we propose an efficient FL framework, FedKD-Prox, based on federated proximal (FedProx) and knowledge distillation (KD). To improve the prediction accuracy within a limited time budget, the proposed framework aims to efficiently exploit the computation capability of the IoT trainers, reduce the communication overhead of FL, and alleviate the impact of heterogeneous data issues. The simulation results show that FedKD-Prox achieves higher accuracy and improves the robustness of the trained intrusion detection model. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Secure Data Communication in a Clustered Network in Wireless Sensor Networks using AES Cipher 15

Secure Data Communication in a Clustered Network in Wireless...

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15th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, ACT 2024

作者： Manjunatha, A.S. Venkatramana Bhat, P. Department of Computer and Communication Engineering India Department of Computer Science and Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331300579

Data is collected and forwarded to the cluster head by sensor nodes in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the data that must be provided to the base station is tough. We recommend using a simple Caesar cipher and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique at the cluster head node level for effective communication from the cluster head to the base station with little power consumption. © Grenze Scientific Society, 2024.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Aberration-Aware Depth-From-Focus

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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2023年 PP卷 1-11页

作者： Yang, Xinge Fu, Qiang Elhoseiny, Mohamed Heidrich, Wolfgang King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia

computer vision methods for depth estimation usually use simple camera models with idealized optics. For modern machine learning approaches, this creates an issue when attempting to train deep networks with simulated data, especially for focus-sensitive tasks like Depth-from-Focus. In this work, we investigate the domain gap caused by off-axis aberrations that will affect the decision of the best-focused frame in a focal stack. We then explore bridging this domain gap through aberration-aware training (AAT). Our approach involves a lightweight network that models lens aberrations at different positions and focus distances, which is then integrated into the conventional network training pipeline. We evaluate the generality of network models on both synthetic and real-world data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AAT scheme can improve depth estimation accuracy without fine-tuning the model for different datasets. The code will be available in ***/vccimaging/Aberration-Aware-Depth-from-Focus. Author

关键词： Aberrations

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