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A Novel Uplink Positioning and SVD-Based Physical Layer Security Scheme for VLC systems

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1706-1720页

作者： Zia-Ul-Mustafa, Rida Le Minh, Hoa Ghassemlooy, Zabih Zvánovec, Stanislav Isam Younus, Othman Li, Xicong Pham, Anh T. Northumbria University Faculty of Engineering and Environment Optical Communications Research Group Department of Mathematics Physics and Electrical Engineering Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST United Kingdom Czech Technical University in Prague Department of Electromagnetic Field Prague160 00 Czech Republic University of Cambridge Electrical Division Department of Engineering CambridgeCB2 1TN United Kingdom The University of Aizu Computer Communications Laboratory Aizuwakamatsu965-8580 Japan

In this paper, two techniques including uplink positioning and multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) singular value decomposition (SVD) beamforming are proposed and utilized to provide a novel physical layer security (PLS) scheme for visible light communication (VLC) systems, which much enhance the integrated location-sensing and data security strength. The paper first develops a closed-form mathematical model for ubiquitous uplink positioning using a single light-emitting diode with the trilateration algorithm, considering the field-of-view constraints due to the user’s optical transmitter and access point receivers. SVD in MIMO VLC is subsequently introduced to exploit the acquired user’s location to form a pair of public and private keys for secure data transfer over the physical medium. The proposed system performance is evaluated in terms of the root mean square positioning error ΕX and the achieved bit error rate (BER) for the uplink positioning and the downlink data transmission, respectively. Results show that the effective area of the photodiode significantly impacts ΕX, with smaller areas resulting in higher ΕX. It is also observed that the ΕX directly relates to the strength of ambient light inducing noise in the system. However, the proposed uplink positioning is less prone to natural ambient light as compared to the traditional downlink visible light positioning. The BER analysis of the downlink data transmission shows that the proposed SVD-based PLS enhances the system’s confidentiality by significantly narrowing the communication zone area by over 90% in comparison to the zero-forcing beamforming scheme and achieves reasonable secrecy capacity. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Mean square error

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A Proof of Concept Resource Management Scheme for Augmented Reality Applications in 5G systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Nikolaidis, Panagiotis Mostafavi, Samie Gross, James Baras, John Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland United States School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

Augmented reality applications are bitrate intensive, delay-sensitive, and computationally demanding. To support them, mobile edge computing systems need to carefully manage both their networking and computing resources. To this end, we present a proof of concept resource management scheme that adapts the bandwidth at the base station and the GPU frequency at the edge to efficiently fulfill roundtrip delay constrains. Resource adaptation is performed using a Multi-Armed Bandit algorithm that accounts for the monotonic relationship between allocated resources and performance. We evaluate our scheme by experimentation on an OpenAirInterface 5G testbed where the considered application is OpenRTiST. The results indicate that our resource management scheme can substantially reduce both bandwidth usage and power consumption while delivering high quality of service. Overall, this work demonstrates that intelligent resource control can potentially establish systems that are not only more efficient but also more sustainable. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Quality of service

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Grid Services Demonstration Using Service-Oriented DERMS

Grid Services Demonstration Using Service-Oriented DERMS

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Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge), IEEE PES

作者： Midrar Adham Sean J. Keene Tylor Slay Jaime T. Kolln Robert B. Bass Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR Distributed Systems Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA

ISBN: (数字)9798350352528

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352535

This work demonstrates four grid service use cases using a service-oriented DER Management System within an Energy Grid of Things network. Imposed by a set of rules referred to as the Energy Service Interface, the DER Management System uses IEEE 2030.5 as its primary communication protocol. To simulate the efforts of Grid Operators, Grid Service Providers, and consumers to provide grid services, a co-simulation environment that leverages the GridAPPS-D simulation platform was developed. The results show that a service-oriented DER Management System provides a means of achieving reliable and impactful grid services while protecting customers' privacy and ensuring their agency over their Distributed Energy Resources.

关键词： Privacy Protocols Real-time systems Distributed power generation Servers Reliability Information exchange

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A technical assessment of latent diffusion for Alzheimer's Disease progression

A technical assessment of latent diffusion for Alzheimer's D...

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Medical Imaging 2025: Image Processing

作者： McMaster, Elyssa Puglisi, Lemuel Gao, Chenyu Krishnan, Aravind R. Saunders, Adam M. Ravi, Daniele Beason-Held, Lori L. Resnick, Susan M. Zuo, Lianrui Moyer, Daniel Landman, Bennett A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Department of Computer Science University of Catania Catania Italy School of Physics Engineering and CS University of Hertfordshire United Kingdom Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health BaltimoreMD United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685901

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) introduce exciting opportunities in medical imaging, from disease progression prediction to interpolation to generate entire datasets of rare data. The stochastic nature of generative models makes it challenging to validate their outputs and assess their robustness across diverse datasets. BrLP, a state-of-the-art LDM for T1-weighted (T1w) images that incorporates auxiliary brain volume information, has been evaluated on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) progression, and achieves structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.91 ± 0.03. In this work, we conducted a pilot study of the BrLP model using the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) dataset. Our objectives are to (1) evaluate the model performance on an external dataset using pretrained image-based and brain image-based metrics such as mean squared error (MSE), similarity index, and mean absolute error (MAE) between conditional and unconditional brain regions;and (2) determine if a harmonization step, in addition to the proposed model's preprocessing steps, is required to improve performance. We found that the BrLP is robust to T1w imaging scanner effects, and harmonization is not required. However, there exists a bias toward a younger population compared to the BLSA cohort (BrLP reported 0.91 ± 0.03 SSIM in a cohort with age range 74 ±7 years;SSIM in our experiment is 0.91 ± 0.03 in cognitively normal subjects with age range 79.47 years ± 7.35 and AD cohort 0.90 ± 0.012 with age range 83.73 years ± 6.01). Interestingly, when the model's input was changed to simulate AD progression instead of normal aging, a higher SSIM of 0.91 ± 0.0012 was achieved compared to a ground truth non-AD scan, suggesting a potential mismatch. However, the resulting lower conditional volume regions function as expected. The model's architecture shows promise for longitudinal T1w imaging studies. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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An Injection Circuit Coupling Low-DC Voltage Impedance Matching System with Flexible Resonance Points for Square-Wave Voltage Power Amplifier in EM Exploration

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年第8期40卷 11032-11050页

作者： Pang, Ying Zhu, Yongji Ji, Yanju Li, Gang Xiang, Zeng Gong, Cheng Han, Rong Tian, Wei Guo, Qun Wong, Man-Chung Lin, Jun State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Exploration and Imaging College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Jilin University Chаngсhun China College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Jilin University Changchun China Tongda Electromagnetic Energy Company Ltd. Changsha China State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI University of Macau Macao China Institute of Microelectronics University of Macau Macao China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macao China School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science Dalian University of Technology Dalian China School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China College of Marine Electrical Engineering Dalian Maritime University Dalian China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Macao China

This paper focuses on reactive power compensation and impedance matching of square-wave voltages. Square-wave voltage is the operating voltage in electromagnetic method (EM) exploration. The characteristics of a square-wave voltage are very different from those of a sinusoidal voltage in the power grid. Although some papers proposed impedance matching converters for square-wave voltages, they solved the high DC voltage requirement problem. The problem is caused by square-wave voltage having multiple and variable spectral components. An impedance-matching converter with an injection circuit (IMFR) for square-wave voltage is proposed. IMFR is composed of a thyristor-controlled inductor and capacitor (TCLC) part and injection circuit coupling active Hbridge part. TCLC can be controlled to resonate at the highest energy fundamental frequency for damping the largest part of the DC voltage requirement. The use of TCLC offsets the varying fundamental frequency demand on the DC voltage. First, this paper gives a joint design and optimization approach for the lowest DC voltage requirement. Second, a synergistic control method of proposed IMFR is provided implementing IMFR. Third, two groups of comparative experiments show the proposed IMFR can enlarge the current by 11.8% – 38.5%. The effect on the current increase is 4.4% – 7.9% higher than using only the H-bridge of the previous method when they are operated with the same DC voltage. ©1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Sources of nonlinearity and mitigation of phase noise in MUTC photodetectors at comb-line frequencies

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Optics Express 2025年第11期33卷 24130-24140页

作者： Ishraq Md Anjum Ergun Simsek Seyed Ehsan Jamali Mahabadi Thomas F Carruthers Curtis R Menyuk Joe C Campbell David A Tulchinsky Keith J Williams Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA

We calculate the phase noise for the first 100 comb line frequencies of two modified uni-traveling-carrier (MUTC) photodetectors. The frequency comb is generated by one-picosecond pulses with a 2-GHz repetition frequency. We observe a non-monotonic increase in the phase noise and investigate its origins. Our model identifies the interplay among the space charge effect, the heterostructure design, and the nonlinear relationship between the electric field and the electron drift current that leads to a complex variation of the phase noise as a function of the comb line frequency. Based on the findings, we present ways to reduce the phase noise of the photodetectors. While the optimal design depends on the desired frequency range of operation, we find a design that can reduce the phase noise over a wide range of comb-line frequencies.

关键词： computer simulation Frequency combs Phase noise Photodetectors Quantum efficiency Shot noise

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Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing With Infrared Image Feedback

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ASME Letters in Translational Robotics 2025年第1期1卷 011004页

作者： He, Honglu Wen, John T. Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a metal 3D printing technology that rapidly prototypes by depositing molten metal wire onto a substrate. Traditionally, WAAM has relied on the open-loop control with carefully tuned parameters, a process that can be time-consuming and often results in inconsistent performance. Although laser line scanners and other 3D scanning techniques have been used to ensure geometric fidelity, they typically provide feedback through layer-by-layer scans, leaving imperfections from arc striking and extinguishing. This paper introduces a novel approach that incorporates infrared (IR) camera thermography to achieve more consistent and reliable WAAM printing with real-time feedback. By using IR live streaming to close the loop with in-layer updates, we demonstrate how this feedback mechanism can enhance control over bead width consistency and wire stick-out length, ultimately leading to higher-quality metal 3D-printed structures. Compared with open-loop preset constant welding parameters on a triangular wall geometry, our IR-guided WAAM process achieves 49% bead width variance reduction and 95% wire stick-out length tracking improvement.

关键词： industrial robot application-driven robot architectures and motion planning 3D printing multi-robot coordination case studies in manufacturing IR WAAM process control

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A Game-Theoretic Framework for Distributed Load Balancing: Static and Dynamic Game Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Fardno, Fatemeh Rasoul Etesami, S. The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States The Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

Motivated by applications in job scheduling, queuing networks, and load balancing in cyber-physical systems, we develop and analyze a game-theoretic framework to balance the load among servers in both static and dynamic settings. In these applications, jobs/tasks are often held by selfish entities that do not want to coordinate with each other, yet the goal is to balance the load among servers in a distributed manner. First, we provide a static game formulation in which each player holds a job with a certain processing requirement and wants to schedule it fractionally among a set of heterogeneous servers to minimize its average processing time. We show that this static game is a potential game and admits a pure Nash equilibrium (NE). In particular, the best-response dynamics converge to such an NE after n iterations, where n is the number of players. We then extend our results to a dynamic game setting, where jobs arrive and get processed in the system, and players observe the load (state) on the servers to decide how to schedule their jobs among the servers in order to minimize their averaged cumulative processing time. In this setting, we show that if the players update their strategies using dynamic best-response strategies, the system eventually becomes fully load-balanced and the players' strategies converge to the pure NE of the static game. In particular, we show that the convergence time scales only polynomially with respect to the game parameters. Finally, we provide numerical results to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms under both static and dynamic settings. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Queueing networks

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gcDLSeg: integrating graph-cut into deep learning for binary semantic segmentation

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Biomedical Optics Express 2025年第5期16卷 1999-2019页

作者： Xie, Hui Xu, Weiyu Wang, Ya Xing Buatti, John Wu, Xiaodong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital University of Medical Science Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing China Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States

Binary semantic segmentation in computer vision is a fundamental problem. As a model-based segmentation method, the graph-cut approach was one of the most successful binary segmentation methods thanks to its global optimality guarantee of the solutions and its practical polynomial-time complexity. Recently, many deep learning (DL) based methods have been developed for this task and yielded remarkable performance, resulting in a paradigm shift in this field. To combine the strengths of both approaches, we propose in this study to integrate the graph-cut approach into a deep learning network for end-to-end learning. Unfortunately, backward propagation through the graph-cut module in the DL network is challenging due to the combinatorial nature of the graph-cut algorithm. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel residual graph-cut loss and a quasi-residual connection, enabling the backward propagation of the gradients of the residual graph-cut loss for effective feature learning guided by the graph-cut segmentation model. In the inference phase, globally optimal segmentation is achieved with respect to the graph-cut energy defined on the optimized image features learned from DL networks. Experiments on the public AZH chronic wound data set and the pancreas cancer data set from the medical segmentation decathlon (MSD) demonstrated promising segmentation accuracy and improved robustness against adversarial attacks. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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An Optimization-Based HVAC Load and PV Disaggregation Methodology With Contextual Supervision

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Kim, Hyeoniin Yu, Min Gyung Wu, Di Lu, Ning Systems Center Electrical and Computer Engineering Department RaleighNC27606 United States Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99354 United States

This letter presents an optimization-based Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and PV disaggregation approach. This letter builds on the previous works of authors, which discuss HVAC disaggregation strategy for aggregated levels without requiring sub-metered information. This letter expands on previous works to discuss optimization-based HVAC disaggregation by varying PV penetration scenarios with joint disaggregation of HVAC load and PV. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Load disaggregation optimization-based blind source separation

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