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Modeling of UV NLoS Communication Channels: From Atmospheric Scattering and Obstacle Reflection Perspectives

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1590-1606页

作者： Wu, Tianfeng Yang, Fang Cao, Tian Cheng, Ling Chen, Yupeng Song, Jian Cheng, Julian Han, Zhu Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Widegap Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Beijing100084 China Xidian University School of Telecommunications Engineering Xi’an710071 China University of the Witwatersrand School of Electrical and Information Engineering Johannesburg2000 South Africa Southern University of Science and Technology School of Microelectronics Shenzhen518055 China Tsinghua University Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Tsinghua University Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen518055 China The University of British Columbia School of Engineering KelownaBCV1V 1V7 Canada University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Houston77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

As transceiver elevation angles increase from small to large, existing ultraviolet (UV) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) models encounter two challenges: 1) cannot estimate the channel characteristics of UV NLoS communication scenarios when there exists an obstacle in the overlap volume between the transmitter beam and the receiver field-of-view (FoV), and 2) cannot evaluate the channel path loss for the wide beam and wide FoV scenarios with existing simplified single-scattering path loss models. To address these challenges, a UV NLoS scattering model incorporating an obstacle was investigated, where the obstacle’s orientation angle, coordinates, and geometric dimensions were taken into account to approach actual application environments. Then, a UV NLoS reflection model was developed combined with specific geometric diagrams. Further, a simplified single-scattering path loss model was proposed with a closed-form expression. Finally, the proposed models were validated by comparing them with the Monte-Carlo photon-tracing model, the exact single-scattering model, and the latest simplified single-scattering model. Numerical results show that the path loss curves obtained by the proposed models agree well with those attained by related NLoS models under identical parameter settings, and avoiding obstacles is not always a good option for UV NLoS communications. Moreover, the accuracy of the proposed simplified model is superior to that of the existing simplified model for all kinds of transceiver FoV angles. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Radio transceivers

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Gupacker: Generalized Unpacking Framework for Android Malware

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 4338-4352页

作者： Zheng, Tao Hou, Qiyu Chen, Xingshu Ren, Hao Li, Meng Li, Hongwei Shen, Changxiang Sichuan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Chengdu610065 China Sichuan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Cyber Science Research Institute Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Chengdu610065 China Hefei University of Technology Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data Ministry of Education Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei230002 China University of Padua Department of Mathematics HIT Center Padua35131 Italy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Sichuan University Cyber Science Research Institute Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Ministry of Education Chengdu610065 China

Android malware authors often use packers to evade analysis. Although many unpacking tools have been proposed, they face two significant challenges: 1) They are easily impeded by anti-analysis techniques employed by packers, preventing efficient collection of hidden Dex data. 2) They are typically designed to unpack a specific packer and cannot handle malware packed with mixed packers. Consequently, many packed malware samples evade detection. To bridge this gap, we propose Gupacker , a novel generalized unpacking framework. Gupacker offers a generic solution for first-generation holistic packer by customizing the Android system source code. It identifies the type of packer and selects an appropriate unpacking function, constructs a deeper active call chain to achieve generic unpacking of second-generation function extraction packers, and uses JNI function and instruction monitoring to handle third-generation virtual obfuscation packer. On this basis, we counteract a diverse array of anti-analysis techniques. We conduct extensive experiments on 5K packed Android malware samples, comparing Gupacker with 2 commercial and 4 state-of-the-art academic unpacking tools. The results demonstrate that Gupacker significantly improves the efficiency of Android malware unpacking with acceptable system overhead. We analyze real packed applications based on Gupacker and found several are second-packed by attackers, including WPS for Android, with tens of millions of users. We receive and responsibly report 13 0day vulnerabilities and also assist in the remediation of all vulnerabilities. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Android malware

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Respiratory Anomaly and Disease Detection using Multi-Level Temporal Convolutional Networks

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IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： Le, Kim-Ngoc T. Byun, Gyurin Raza, Syed M. Le, Duc-Tai Choo, Hyunseung The Department of AI Systems Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of The James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of The Department of AI Systems Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of

An automated analysis of respiratory sounds using Deep Learning (DL) plays a pivotal role in the early detection of lung diseases. However, current DL methods often examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of respiratory sounds in isolation, which inherently limit their potential. This study proposes a novel DL framework that captures spatial features through convolution operations and exploits the spatiotemporal correlations of these features using temporal convolution networks. The proposed framework incorporates MultiLevel Temporal Convolutional Networks (ML-TCN) to considerably enhance the model accuracy in detecting anomaly breathing cycles and respiratory recordings from lung sound audio. Moreover, a transfer learning technique is also employed to extract semantic features efficiently from limited and imbalanced data in this domain. Thorough experiments on the well-known ICBHI 2017 challenge dataset show that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both binary and multi-class classification tasks for respiratory anomaly and disease detection. In particular, improvements of up to 2.29% and 2.27% in terms of the Score metric, average sensitivity and specificity, are demonstrated in binary and multi-class anomaly breathing cycle detection tasks, respectively. In respiratory recording classification tasks, the classification accuracy is improved by 2.69% for healthy-unhealthy binary classification and 1.47% for healthy, chronic, and non-chronic diagnosis These results highlight the marked advantage of the ML-TCN over existing techniques, showcasing its potential to drive future innovations in respiratory healthcare technology. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Lung cancer

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StreamTag: A Platform for Flexible Tagged Data Management 11

StreamTag: A Platform for Flexible Tagged Data Management

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11th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health, ICT4AWE 2025

作者： Díaz-Jiménez, David Mata-Mata, Francisco López, José L. Pérez-Cordón, Luis G. Serrano, José-María Martínez-Cruz, Carmen Morcillo-Martínez, Juana M. Verdejo-Espinosa, Ángeles Cuevas-Martínez, Juan C. Viciana-Abad, Raquel Reche-López, Pedro J. Pérez-Lorenzo, José M. Gaitán-Guerrero, Juan F. Espinilla, Macarena Department of Computer Science University of Jaén Jaén23071 Spain Department of Languages and Computer Systems University of Granada Granada18071 Spain Psycology Department Faculty of Social Work University of Jaén Jaén23071 Spain Electrical Engineering Department University of Jaén Jaén23071 Spain Telecommunication Engineering Department University of Jaén Jaén23071 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587436

This paper presents StreamTag, a platform designed for the efficient management of labeled data in healthcare environments, particularly for activity recognition systems in residential and nursing home settings. Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is crucial for monitoring patient behaviors and supporting personalized care, and this field has evolved significantly with advances in IoT and AI. StreamTag integrates a flexible data labeling structure and a modular architecture, enabling data collection, labeling, and secure management of activity data. The system leverages non-relational databases for scalable data handling, along with secure protocols to ensure data integrity and privacy. This work examines existing approaches in HAR, including data-driven, knowledge-based, and hybrid models, and situates StreamTag as a versatile solution that combines flexible user-controlled labeling with high adaptability for diverse healthcare contexts. Future directions are suggested for enhancing system functionality and integration with more advanced analytical tools. Copyright © 2025 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Information management

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Understanding and Identifying Technical Debt in the Co-Evolution of Production and Test Code

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IEEE Transactions on Software engineering 2025年第5期51卷 1415-1436页

作者： Guo, Yimeng Chen, Zhifei Xiao, Lu Chen, Lin Li, Yanhui Zhou, Yuming Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Systems and Enterprises Charles V. Schaefer Jr. School of Engineering and Science HobokenNJ07030 United States

The co-evolution of production and test code (PT co-evolution) has received increasing attention in recent years. However, we found that existing work did not comprehensively study various PT co-evolution scenarios, such as the qualification and persistence of their effects on software. Inspired by technical debt (TD), we refer to TD generated during the co-evolution between production and test code as PT co-evolution technical debt (PTCoTD). To better understand PT co-evolution, we first conducted an exploratory study on its characteristics on 15 open-source projects, finding unbalanced PT co-evolution prevalent and summarizing five potential PT flaws. Then we proposed an approach to identify and quantify PTCoTDs of these flaw patterns, considering evolutionary and structural relationships. We also built prediction models to describe cost trajectories and rank all PTCoTDs to prioritize expensive ones. The evaluation on the 15 projects shows that our approach can identify PTCoTDs that deserve attention. The identified PTCoTDs account for about half of the project's total maintenance costs, and the cost proportion of the expensive Top-5 is 1.8x more than the file proportion they contain. Almost all covered maintenance costs persist as PTCoTD in the future, with an average increase of 6.8% between the last two releases. Our approach also accurately predicts the costs of PTCoTD with an average prediction deviation of only 8.3%. Our study provides valuable insights into PT co-evolution scenarios and their effects, which can guide practices and inspire future work on software testing and maintenance. © 1976-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Software testing

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Human-Guided Artificial Intelligence (HGAI), a Framework for Overcoming AI's Blind Spots

Human-Guided Artificial Intelligence (HGAI), a Framework for...

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2025 IEEE SoutheastCon, SoutheastCon 2025

作者： Chen, Ziyu Kelil, Selam B. Naser, Mohammad Y. M. Metcalfe, Jason S. Bhattacharya, Sylvia Kennesaw State University Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Marietta United States Kennesaw State University Computer Science Department Marietta United States Us Devcom Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Aberdeen United States Kennesaw State University Engineering Technology Department Marietta United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504847

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems frequently exhibit systematic blind spots, often referred to as hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), posing risks in high-stakes applications such as autonomous systems, security, and military operations. This paper explores how human intuitive responses, along with conscious reasoning processes, can be integrated to mitigate AI blind spots and enhance decision-making effectiveness within Human-AI teams. We introduce Human-Guided Artificial Intelligence (HGAI) as a framework for achieving this goal. Specifically, we examine the role of System-1 intuitive processing, as captured through physiological signals such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG), System-2 reasoning-based decision-making, and Multi-Modal Fusion (MMF) mechanisms while assessing the knowledge required to develop more reliable, context-aware, and ethically aligned intelligent decision-making systems for highly complex environments. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence (AI) Human-AI Teams Multi-Modal Fusion (MMF) Physiological Signals

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Key Exchange in the Quantum Era: Evaluating a Hybrid System of Public-Key Cryptography and Physical-Layer Security 59

Key Exchange in the Quantum Era: Evaluating a Hybrid System ...

引用

59th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and systems, CISS 2025

作者： Staat, Paul Dorpinghaus, Meik Sheikholeslami, Azadeh Paar, Christof Fcllwcis, Gerhard Goeckel, Dennis Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy Bochum Germany Technische Universität Dresden Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems Dresden Germany Suffolk University Math and Computer Science Department Boston United States University of Massachusetts Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Amherst United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513269

Today's information society relies on cryptography to achieve security goals such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation for digital communications. Here, public-key cryptosystems play a pivotal role to share encryption keys and create digital signatures. However, quantum computers threaten the security of traditional public-key cryptosystems as they can tame computational problems underlying the schemes, i.e., discrete logarithm and integer factorization. The prospective arrival of capable-enough quantum computers already threatens today's secret communication in terms of their long-term secrecy when stored to be later decrypted. Therefore, researchers strive to develop and deploy alternative *** this work, we evaluate a key exchange protocol based on combining public-key schemes with physical-layer security, anticipating the prospect of quantum attacks: If a powerful quantum attacker cannot immediately obtain a private key, legitimate parties have a window of short-term secrecy to perform a physical-layer jamming key exchange (JKE) to establish a long-term shared secret. Thereby, the protocol constraints the computation time available to the attacker to break the employed public-key cryptography. In this paper, we outline the protocol, discuss its security, and point out challenges to be resolved. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum computers

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A Reliable Federated Learning Server Rotation Algorithm in IoV

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 15501-15513页

作者： Cai, Xuelian Yang, Junyi Chang, Tianyu Fu, Yuchuan Yu, F. Richard Cheng, Nan Li, Changle Hui, Yilong The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University Shaanxi 710071 China Research Institute of Smart Transportation Xidian University Shaanxi Xi’an710071 China The Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada

Federated Learning (FL) enables the collaborative training of models by users distributed across various locations, transforming traditional data sharing into model sharing. This paradigm holds the promise of facilitating the development of safe, reliable, and accurate driving models within Internet of Vehicles (IoV), with its performance contingent upon the stability of the training process. However, traditional FL relies on a central server for aggregation, which is susceptible to malicious attacks. Moreover, limited communication resources prevent the inclusion of all users in the training process. To resolve issues related to reliability and resource utilization, this paper proposes a reliable Rotating Server Federated Learning (RSFL) algorithm to enhance the security and efficiency of FL. Specifically, we first consider the vehicular topology and participation in FL during their transition, and introduce a server rotation algorithm that incorporates a weighted sum of multiple factors including model training activity, vehicle credibility, speed stability, and distance to augment system security. Additionally, addressing the limitation of server channel resources that can impede FL efficiency, this paper proposes a method to select high-quality users for channel resource allocation by comprehensively considering participation latency, contribution, energy, and channel state during the FL process. This optimizes resource usage at the FL server side and constructs an efficiency-maximization problem for FL to improve the convergence rate. Simulation results confirm that the proposed RSFL algorithm can significantly enhance the security and system efficiency of FL. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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A Comparative Study of Optimized-LSTM Models Using Tree-Structured Parzen Estimator for Traffic Flow Forecasting in Intelligent Transportation

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 3369-3388页

作者： Hamza Murad Khan Anwar Khan Santos Gracia Villar Luis Alonso DzulLopez Abdulaziz Almaleh Abdullah M.Al-Qahtani Department of Electronics University of PeshawarPeshawar25120KPKPakistan Department of Project Management(L.A.D.L) Higher Polytechnic School(S.G.V)Universidad Europea del AtlanticoSantander39011Spain Faculty of Engineering Universidad Internacional IberoamericanaCampeche24560Mexico Faculty of Engineering Universidade Internacional do CuanzaCuitoEN250BieAngola Department of Project Management Universidad Internacional IberoamericanaCampeche24560Mexico Department of Project Management Department of Management SciencesUniversid de La RomanaLa Romana22000Dominican Reublic Information Systems Department College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering College of Engineering&Computer ScienceJazan UniversityJazan45142Saudi Arabia

Traffic forecasting with high precision aids Intelligent Transport systems(ITS)in formulating and optimizing traffic management *** algorithms used for tuning the hyperparameters of the deep learning models often have accurate results at the expense of high computational *** address this problem,this paper uses the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator(TPE)to tune the hyperparameters of the Long Short-term Memory(LSTM)deep learning *** Tree-structured Parzen Estimator(TPE)uses a probabilistic approach with an adaptive searching mechanism by classifying the objective function values into good and bad *** ensures fast convergence in tuning the hyperparameter values in the deep learning model for performing prediction while still maintaining a certain degree of *** also overcomes the problem of converging to local optima and avoids timeconsuming random search and,therefore,avoids high computational complexity in prediction *** proposed scheme first performs data smoothing and normalization on the input data,which is then fed to the input of the TPE for tuning the *** traffic data is then input to the LSTM model with tuned parameters to perform the traffic *** three optimizers:Adaptive Moment Estimation(Adam),Root Mean Square Propagation(RMSProp),and Stochastic Gradient Descend with Momentum(SGDM)are also evaluated for accuracy prediction and the best optimizer is then chosen for final traffic prediction in TPE-LSTM *** results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of accuracy of prediction over the benchmark schemes.

关键词： Short-term traffic prediction sequential time series prediction TPE tree-structured parzen estimator LSTM hyperparameter tuning hybrid prediction model

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Robust Resource Sharing in Network Slicing via Hypothesis Testing

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年

作者： Nikolaidis, Panagiotis Baras, John University of Maryland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research College ParkMD20742 United States

In network slicing, the network operator needs to satisfy the service level agreements of multiple slices at the same time and on the same physical infrastructure. To do so with reduced provisioned resources, the operator may consider resource sharing mechanisms. However, each slice then becomes susceptible to traffic surges in other slices which degrades performance isolation. To maintain both high efficiency and high isolation, we propose the introduction of hypothesis testing in resource sharing. Our approach comprises two phases. In the trial phase, the operator obtains a stochastic model for each slice that describes its normal behavior, provisions resources and then signs the service level agreements. In the regular phase, whenever there is resource contention, hypothesis testing is conducted to check which slices follow their normal behavior. Slices that fail the test are excluded from resource sharing to protect the well-behaved ones. We test our approach on a mobile traffic dataset. Results show that our approach fortifies the service level agreements against unexpected traffic patterns and achieves high efficiency via resource sharing. Overall, our approach provides an appealing tradeoff between efficiency and isolation. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： 5G anomaly detection isolation LTE multiplexing network slicing overbooking resource sharing

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