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Improving Thyroid Disorder Diagnosis via Ensemble Stacking and Bidirectional Feature Selection

computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4225-4241页

作者： Muhammad Armghan Latif Zohaib Mushtaq Saad Arif Sara Rehman Muhammad Farrukh Qureshi Nagwan Abdel Samee Maali Alabdulhafith Yeong Hyeon Gu Mohammed A.Al-masni Department of Computer and Information System Cleveland State UniversityOhio44115USA Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer SystemsCollege of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Biomedical Engineering Riphah International UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Riphah International UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Artificial Intelligence College of Software and Convergence TechnologySejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

Thyroid disorders represent a significant global health challenge with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism as two common conditions arising from dysfunction in the thyroid *** and timely diagnosis of these disorders is crucial for effective treatment and patient *** research introduces a comprehensive approach to improve the accuracy of thyroid disorder diagnosis through the integration of ensemble stacking and advanced feature selection *** forward feature selection,sequential backward feature elimination,and bidirectional feature elimination are investigated in this *** ensemble learning,random forest,adaptive boosting,and bagging classifiers are *** effectiveness of these techniques is evaluated using two different datasets obtained from the University of California Irvine-Machine Learning Repository,both of which undergo preprocessing steps,including outlier removal,addressing missing data,data cleansing,and feature *** experimentation demonstrates the remarkable success of proposed ensemble stacking and bidirectional feature elimination achieving 100%and 99.86%accuracy in identifying hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism,*** enhancing detection accuracy,the ensemble stacking model also demonstrated a streamlined computational complexity which is pivotal for practical medical *** significantly outperformed existing studies with similar objectives underscoring the viability and effectiveness of the proposed *** research offers an innovative perspective and sets the platform for improved thyroid disorder diagnosis with broader implications for healthcare and patient well-being.

关键词： Ensemble learning random forests boosting dimensionality reduction machine learning smart healthcare computer aided diagnosis

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Knowledge-Driven Possibilistic Clustering with Automatic Cluster Elimination

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4917-4945页

作者： Xianghui Hu Yiming Tang Witold Pedrycz Jiuchuan Jiang Yichuan Jiang The School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing211189China The School of Computer and Information Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230601China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6R 2V4Canada The Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw00-901Poland The School of Information Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjing210023China

Traditional Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)and Possibilistic C-Means(PCM)clustering algorithms are data-driven,and their objective function minimization process is based on the available numeric ***,knowledge hints have been introduced to formknowledge-driven clustering algorithms,which reveal a data structure that considers not only the relationships between data but also the compatibility with knowledge ***,these algorithms cannot produce the optimal number of clusters by the clustering algorithm itself;they require the assistance of evaluation ***,knowledge hints are usually used as part of the data structure(directly replacing some clustering centers),which severely limits the flexibility of the algorithm and can lead to *** solve this problem,this study designs a newknowledge-driven clustering algorithmcalled the PCM clusteringwith High-density Points(HP-PCM),in which domain knowledge is represented in the form of so-called high-density ***,a newdatadensitycalculation function is *** Density Knowledge Points Extraction(DKPE)method is established to filter out high-density points from the dataset to form knowledge ***,these hints are incorporated into the PCM objective function so that the clustering algorithm is guided by high-density points to discover the natural data ***,the initial number of clusters is set to be greater than the true one based on the number of knowledge ***,the HP-PCM algorithm automatically determines the final number of clusters during the clustering process by considering the cluster elimination *** experimental studies,including some comparative analyses,the results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,such as the increased success rate in clustering,the ability to determine the optimal cluster number,and the faster convergence speed.

关键词： Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) possibilistic clustering optimal number of clusters knowledge-driven machine learning fuzzy logic

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Could Anticipating Gaming Incentivize Improvement in (Fair) Strategic Classification? 63

Could Anticipating Gaming Incentivize Improvement in (Fair) ...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Alhanouti, Sura Naghizadeh, Parinaz The Ohio State University Department of Integrated Systems Engineering United States University of California Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering San Diego United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

As machine learning algorithms increasingly influence crucial decisions in areas like loan approvals and hiring, understanding human strategic behavior in response to these systems becomes vital. We explore strategic manipulation and improvement actions by individuals facing algorithmic decisions, the algorithm designer's role in shaping these strategic responses, and the fairness implications. We formulate these interactions as a Stackelberg game, where a firm deploys a (fair) classifier, and individuals strategically respond. Unlike previous research, our model incorporates both different costs and stochastic efficacy for manipulation and improvement. The analysis reveals different potential classes of agent responses, and characterizes optimal classifiers. Based on these, we highlight the impact of the firm's anticipation of strategic behavior, identifying cases when a (fair) strategic policy can motivate improvement while reducing manipulation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Automated and controlled patch generation for enhanced fixing of communication software vulnerabilities

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第3期5卷 222-236页

作者： Shuo Feng Shuai Yuan Zhitao Guan Xiaojiang Du School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 100029China Department of Finance Operationsand Information SystemsBrock UniversitySt.Catharines L2S3A1Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA

Software is a crucial component in the communication systems,and its security is of paramount ***,it is susceptible to different types of attacks due to potential ***,significant time and effort is required to fix such *** propose an automated program repair method based on controlled text generation ***,we utilize a fine-tuned language model for patch generation and introduce a discriminator to evaluate the generation process,selecting results that contribute most to vulnerability ***,we perform static syntax analysis to expedite the patch verification *** effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using QuixBugs and Defects4J datasets,demonstrating significant improvements in generating correct patches compared to other existing methods.

关键词： automatic program repair controlled text generation communication software security program language model

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Reducing Barriers in Analyzing Eye Tracking Data: The Development of a GUI to Preprocess Eye Tracking Data

Reducing Barriers in Analyzing Eye Tracking Data: The Develo...

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2024 systems and Information engineering Design Symposium, SIEDS 2024

作者： Atweh, Jad A. Tabbara, Ihab Nasrallah, Ghady Riggs, Sara L. University of Virginia Department of Systems and Information Engineering CharlottesvilleVA United States American University of Beirut Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Beirut Lebanon

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385144

By capturing gaze points and eye movement patterns, eye tracking technology enables researchers to gain insights into visual attention, cognitive processes, and human behavior. Raw eye tracking data is inherently noisy, containing coordinates with occasional invalid entries. Researchers commonly face the challenge of cleaning and refining this data before proceeding to calculate essential eye tracking metrics. Critical preprocessing steps involve filtering out noise, detecting events such as fixations and saccades, and deriving metrics such as fixation duration, saccade amplitude, and more. This paper introduces a tool that provides users with the ability to preprocess data from both Gazepoint and FOVIO eye trackers. The methodology adopted for this line of work is based on Nyström and Holmqvist's (2010) data and velocity-driven algorithm. Preliminary results show the methodology developed as part of this line of work is promising in terms of improved accuracy and reliability in detecting fixations and saccades. Furthermore, this code and its versatile Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been successfully employed in multiple studies. Finally, we present supplementary code for calculating various eye tracking metrics and percent gaze overlap, extending the utility of our tool for in-depth analysis of visual attention and collaborative gaze behavior. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Eye tracking

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Using Metaheuristic OFA Algorithm for Service Placement in Fog Computing

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第12期77卷 2881-2897页

作者： Riza Altunay Omer Faruk Bay Department of Information Systems Gazi UniversityAnkara06680Turkey Department of Computer Technologies Ondokuz Mayis UniversitySamsun55100Turkey Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering Gazi UniversityAnkara06560Turkey

The use of fog computing in the Internet of Things(IoT)has emerged as a crucial solution,bringing cloud services closer to end users to process large amounts of data generated within the *** its advantages,the increasing task demands from IoT objects often overload fog devices with limited resources,resulting in system delays,high network usage,and increased energy *** of the major challenges in fog computing for IoT applications is the efficient deployment of services between fog *** address this challenge,we propose a novel Optimal Foraging Algorithm(OFA)for task placement on appropriate fog devices,taking into account the limited resources of each fog *** OFA algorithm optimizes task sharing between fog devices by evaluating incoming task requests based on their types and allocating the services to the most suitable fog *** our study,we compare the performance of the OFA algorithm with two other popular algorithms:Genetic Algorithm(GA)and Randomized Search Algorithm(RA).Through extensive simulation experiments,our findings demonstrate significant improvements achieved by the OFA ***,it leads to up to 39.06%reduction in energy consumption for the Elektroensefalografi(EEG)application,up to 25.86%decrease in CPU utilization for the Intelligent surveillance through distributed camera networks(DCNS)application,up to 57.94%reduction in network utilization,and up to 23.83%improvement in runtime,outperforming other *** a result,the proposed OFA algorithm enhances the system’s efficiency by effectively allocating incoming task requests to the appropriate fog devices,mitigating the challenges posed by resource limitations and contributing to a more optimized IoT ecosystem.

关键词： Internet of Things cloud computing fog computing

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Interactive Framework for Cybersecurity Education and Future Workforce Development 54

Interactive Framework for Cybersecurity Education and Future...

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54th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 2024

作者： Ghimire, Sujan Chowdhury, Muhtasim Alam Tsang, Ryan Yarnell, Richard Heckert, Emma Carpenter, Jaeden Lin, Yu-Zheng Mamun, Muntasir Demara, Ronald F. Rafatirad, Setareh Satam, Pratik Salehi, Soheil University of Arizona Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering TucsonAZ85721 United States University of Arizona Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TucsonAZ85721 United States University of California Davis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DavisCA95616 United States University of Central Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering OrlandoFL32826 United States University of California Davis Department of Computer Science DavisCA95616 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351507

This research-to-practice paper presents a novel pedagogical tool for hardware cybersecurity education and workforce development. The growing importance of hardware security has made it essential for individuals and organizations to understand hardware security principles and best practices. However, the current educational curriculum falls short of fulfilling these emerging demands due to the rapidly changing hardware security landscape and limited opportunities for hands-on training. To address these challenges, we propose and have developed the Interactive Hardware and Cybersecurity (I-HaC) Educational Framework, a pedagogical educational framework that supplements existing courses by leveraging generative AI for individualized instruction related to hardware and cybersecurity, data mining, and applied Machine Learning (ML), as well as data visualization to enhance cybersecurity education and workforce development. The framework is designed to be utilized by graduate and undergraduate electrical and computer engineering (ECE) and computer Science (CS) students for a comprehensive introduction to cybersecurity exploits and countermeasures in an interactive manner with hands-on components. Using I-HaC, we have developed tailored lab components for a diverse range of students and intend to release I-HaC as open-source for the benefit of the ECE and CS education community. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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Deep Q-Learning-Based Resource Management in IRS-Assisted VLC systems

IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and ...

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IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking 2024年 2卷 34-48页

作者： Hammadi, Ahmed Al Bariah, Lina Muhaidat, Sami Al-Qutayri, Mahmoud Sofotasios, Paschalis C. Debbah, Merouane Technology Innovation Institute Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Khalifa University Center for Cyber-Physical Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaK1S 5B6 Canada Khalifa University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Tampere University Department of Electrical Engineering Tampere33014 Finland Khalifa University KU 6G Center Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a promising enabling technology for the next-generation wireless networks, as it complements radio-frequency (RF)-based communications by providing wider bandwidth, higher data rates, and immunity to interference from electromagnetic sources. However, due to its unique characteristics, VLC is highly sensitive to the line-of-sight (LoS) blockage. Recently, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been proposed as an innovative solution that dynamically reconfigures the wireless environment. The present contribution proposes a two-stage resource management framework in an indoor VLC system: In the first stage, a maximum possible fairness (MPF) algorithm is presented in order to maximize the fairness amongst the users. In the second stage, deep Q-learning is exploited in order to maximize the overall spectral efficiency (SE). The corresponding numerical results have shown that the proposed DQL-MPF framework exhibits superior performance in terms of both the overall SE and Jain's Fair Index, achieved at a fast convergence rate. More specifically, when the noise power is high and the number of users is relatively large, the DQL-MPF algorithm achieves a more than tenfold overall SE compared to the Baseline scheme. Moreover, the synergy between the MPF and the DQL algorithms is investigated. To this end, we demonstrate that the MPF algorithm maximizes the fairness amongst the users while the DQL algorithm maximizes the overall SE and improves the robustness against the noise. Our results also highlight the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in leveraging the increasing number of IRS elements for optimized performance. © 2023 The Authors.

关键词： Spectrum efficiency

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Assessing the Viability of AC to DC Microgrid Conversion: A Comprehensive Analysis of Technical and Economic Factors 59

Assessing the Viability of AC to DC Microgrid Conversion: A ...

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59th International Universities Power engineering Conference, UPEC 2024

作者： Charalambous, Chrysanthos Polycarpou, Alexis Efthymiou, Venizelos Georghiou, George E. University of Cyprus Pv Technology Laboratory Department Of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cyprus Phaethon Centre of Excellence for Intelligent Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions Nicosia Cyprus Frederick University Department of Electrical Computer Engineering and Informatics Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379730

In the face of global warming and the acceleration of climate changes, urgent and decisive measures must be taken to mitigate these phenomena. This study addresses this urgent need by exploring the transition from traditional AC distribution systems to more efficient DC and hybrid AC/DC systems, recognizing the utmost importance of both technical developments and economic considerations. Through a thorough overview of existing literature and empirical knowledge gathered from the nanogrid of FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy of University of Cyprus, this research clarifies the inherent advantages of DC and AC/DC hybrid systems. In addition, it presents a detailed case study for the comprehensive assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of these systems. The preliminary economic analysis carried out in this study demonstrates the cost-effectiveness and performance improvements offered by hybrid AC/DC microgrids compared to conventional AC configurations. According to the findings of this work it is obvious that the ROI increases with the increase of DC loads over AC loads until the case where DC loads reach the 75% of the total load (ROI=13.9%). However, even in the case of Full DC microgrid, the ROI is higher by 1% compared to the case of Full AC microgrid thus significantly reducing the payback period. These findings not only underline the urgency of the transition to more efficient and sustainable energy distribution systems, but also provide valuable information for policymakers, industry stakeholders and researchers. By embracing these innovative technologies, a more resilient and environmentally responsive energy infrastructure can be promoted that is in line with the demands of a rapidly changing global climate. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Clean energy

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Evolutionary Paths to Systematically Unlocking the Frequency-Selective Potential of 3D Meta-Atoms 6

Evolutionary Paths to Systematically Unlocking the Frequency...

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6th Australian Microwave Symposium, AMS 2025

作者： Lv, Xiaojing Luo, Zhen Tyo, J. Scott Yang, Yang University of Technology School of Electrical and Data Engineering Sydney Australia University of Technology School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Sydney Australia Monash University Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379969

This paper highlights the benefits of advanced multi-material 3D printing technology in enhancing the electromagnetic performance of metasurfaces. By systematically evolving geometric structures, the proposed bandpass filtering meta-Atom outperforms existing designs in key metrics, including bandwidth, out-of-band suppression, in-band insertion loss, and transition band steepness, underscoring the significant potential of 3D unit cells. Through the integration of qualitative approach and semi-Analytical design algorithm, the geometric topology is fully optimized without imposing substantial computational demands. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Wiener filtering

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