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Using mid-infrared spectroscopy to estimate soil microbial properties at the continental scale

Applied Soil Ecology 2025年 211卷

作者： Ghimire, Soni Zhang, Yakun Huang, Jingyi Majumder, Erica L.-W. Hartemink, Alfred E. Graham, Emily B. Qafoku, Odeta Andrews, Joseph Freedman, Zachary B. Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison 1525 Observatory Drive Madison 53706 WI United States Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University 2750 SW Campus Way Corvallis 97331 OR United States Department of Bacteriology University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Drive Madison 53706 WI United States Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland 99352 WA United States School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Pullman 99164 WA United States Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 3335 Innovation Boulevard Richland 99354 WA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1513 University Avenue Madison 53706 WI United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison 53706 WI United States

Understanding microbial community properties is critical to improving the predictions of biogeochemical processes that govern soil carbon sequestration. In this observational study, mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and partial least squares regression were used to estimate soil microbial and chemical properties from diverse ecosystems across the continental USA. Random validation technique suggested the estimation potential for soil microbial properties using MIR spectra, with the strongest estimations for microbial respiration, followed by microbial biomass nitrogen, β-glucosidase activity and microbial biomass carbon, as well as soil chemical properties including organic carbon and organic nitrogen. Microbial properties were mainly positively correlated to spectral regions associated with aliphatic C-H groups and C=O stretches of polysaccharides and negatively correlated to quartz and silicate-associated regions. Overall, this work suggests that MIR spectroscopy can characterize soil microbial properties and be useful for the improvement of continental scale soil carbon modeling and prediction programs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Macroecology Microbial properties Soil biogeochemistry Soil spectra

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Towards production FPGA-accelerated molecular dynamics: Progress and challenges

Towards production FPGA-accelerated molecular dynamics: Prog...

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International Workshop on High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing Technology and Applications

作者： Chiu, Matt Herbordt, Martin C. Computer Architecture and Automated Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University Boston MA 02215 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424495177

Recent work in the FPGA acceleration of molecular dynamics simulation has shown that including on-the-fly neighbor list calculation (particle filtering) in the device has the potential for an 80x per core speed-up over the CPU-based reference code and so to make the approach competitive with other computing technologies. In this paper we report on progress and challenges in advancing this work towards the creation of a production system, especially one capable of running on a large-scale system such as the Novo-G. The current version consists of an FPGA-accelerated NAMD-lite running on a PC with a Gidel PROCStar III. The most important implementation issues include software integration, handling exclusion, and modifying the force pipeline. In the last of these we have added support for Particle-Mesh-Ewald and augmented the Lennard-Jones calculation with a switching function. In experiments, we find that energy stability so far appears to be acceptable, but that longer simulations are needed. Due primarily to the added complexity of the force pipelines, performance is somewhat diminished from the previous study;we find, however, that porting to a newer (existing) device will more than compensate for this loss. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Fast binding site mapping using GPUs and CUDA

Fast binding site mapping using GPUs and CUDA

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2010 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum, IPDPSW 2010

作者： Sukhwani, Bharat Herbordt, Martin C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Computer Architecture and Automated Design Laboratory Boston University Boston MA 02215 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424465347

Binding site mapping refers to the computational prediction of the regions on a protein surface that are likely to bind a small molecule with high affinity. The process involves flexibly docking a variety of small molecule probes and finding a consensus site that binds most of those probes. Due to the computational complexity of flexible docking, the process is often split into two steps: the first performs rigid docking between the protein and the probe;the second models the side chain flexibility by energy-minimizing the (few thousand) top scoring protein-probe complexes generated by the first step. Both these steps are computationally very expensive, requiring many hours of runtime per probe on a serial CPU. In the current article, we accelerate a production mapping software program using NVIDIA GPUs. We accelerate both the rigid-docking and the energy minimization steps of the program. The result is a 30x speedup on rigid docking and 12x on energy minimization, resulting in a 13x overall speedup over the current single core implementation.© 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Probes

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MECHANISMS DETERMINING 3RD ORDER INTERMODULATION DISTORTION IN ALGAAS/GAAS HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES 1992年第12期40卷 2374-2380页

作者： SAMELIS, A PAVLIDIS, D Center of High Frequency Microelectronics Solid State Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) mechanisms of HBT's are analyzed using Volterra Series theory. A T-equivalent circuit is used for the large-signal model of the HBT. The third order nonlinear currents generated by the device nonlinearities are evaluated for this purpose and current cancellation is discussed. It is found that, even though the C(je) and g(je) related currents do not show pronounced cancellation, the total base-emitter current and the total base-collector current cancel partially. Second harmonic loading is addressed in view of IMD3 optimization while, at the same time, maintaining high gain through conjugate matching at the fundamental frequency. IMD3 is very sensitive to the nonlinear currents generated by g(je) and alpha. Optimum IMD3 occurs at high second harmonic reflection coefficients corresponding to open load conditions. Finally, minimum and maximum IMD3 occurs for second harmonic load reflection coefficient phases close to analogous extremes of the dominant nonlinear current of the device.

关键词： Intermodulation distortion Gallium arsenide Heterojunction bipolar transistors Reflection Harmonic distortion Equivalent circuits Senior members Frequency dependence Dynamic range Microelectronics

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Human Gait Recognition for Biometrics Application Based on Deep Learning Fusion Assisted Framework

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 357-374页

作者： Ch Avais Hanif Muhammad Ali Mughal Muhammad Attique Khan Nouf Abdullah Almujally Taerang Kim Jae-Hyuk Cha Department of Electrical Engineering HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763Korea

The demand for a non-contact biometric approach for candidate identification has grown over the past ten *** on the most important biometric application,human gait analysis is a significant research topic in computer *** have paid a lot of attention to gait recognition,specifically the identification of people based on their walking patterns,due to its potential to correctly identify people far *** recognition systems have been used in a variety of applications,including security,medical examinations,identity management,and access *** systems require a complex combination of technical,operational,and definitional *** employment of gait recognition techniques and technologies has produced a number of beneficial and well-liked *** proposes a novel deep learning-based framework for human gait classification in video *** framework’smain challenge is improving the accuracy of accuracy gait classification under varying conditions,such as carrying a bag and changing *** proposed method’s first step is selecting two pre-trained deep learningmodels and training fromscratch using deep transfer ***,deepmodels have been trained using static hyperparameters;however,the learning rate is calculated using the particle swarmoptimization(PSO)***,the best features are selected from both trained models using the Harris Hawks controlled Sine-Cosine optimization *** algorithm chooses the best features,combined in a novel correlation-based fusion ***,the fused best features are categorized using medium,bi-layer,and tri-layered neural *** the publicly accessible dataset known as the CASIA-B dataset,the experimental process of the suggested technique was carried out,and an improved accuracy of 94.14% was *** achieved accuracy of the proposed method is improved by the recent state-of-the-art techniques that show the significance of this wor

关键词： Gait recognition covariant factors biometric deep learning fusion feature selection

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TIME-SCALE MODIFICATION OF SPEECH BASED ON SHORT-TIME FOURIER-ANALYSIS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1981年第3期29卷 374-390页

作者： PORTNOFF, MR Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Engineering Research Division Lawrence Livermore Laboratory University of California Livermore CA USA

This paper develops the theoretical basis for time-scale modification of speech based on short-time Fourier analysis. The goal is the development of a high-quality system for changing the apparent rate of articulation of recorded speech, while at the same time preserving such qualities as naturalness, intelligibility, and speaker-dependent features. The results of the theoretical study were used as the framework for the design of a high-quality speech rate-change system that was simulated on a general-purpose minicomputer.

关键词： Speech analysis Vocoders Speech enhancement Degradation Time domain analysis Ear Signal synthesis Speech synthesis Microcomputers Helium

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Hybrid Segmentation Approach for Different Medical Image Modalities

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3454-3471页

作者： Walid El-Shafai Amira A.Mahmoud El-Sayed M.El-Rabaie Taha E.Taha Osama F.Zahran Adel S.El-Fishawy Naglaa F.Soliman Amel A.Alhussan Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Department Electronics and Electrical Communications Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Security Engineering Laboratory Department of Computer SciencePrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

The segmentation process requires separating the image region into sub-regions of similar *** sub-region has a group of pixels having the same characteristics,such as texture or *** paper suggests an efficient hybrid segmentation approach for different medical image modalities based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)and improved fast fuzzy C-means clustering(IFFCM)*** extensive comparative study on different medical images is presented between the proposed approach and other different previous segmentation *** existing medical image segmentation techniques incorporate clustering,thresholding,graph-based,edge-based,active contour,region-based,and watershed *** paper extensively analyzes and summarizes the comparative investigation of these ***,a prediction of the improvement involves the combination of these techniques is *** obtained results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid medical image segmentation approach provides superior outcomes in terms of the examined evaluation metrics compared to the preceding segmentation techniques.

关键词： Image segmentation ultrasonic images X-ray images CT images PET images MR images fuzzy c-mean morphological operations active contour

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Secure multimedia objects management in medical information system

Secure multimedia objects management in medical information ...

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2nd National Days of Network Security and systems, JNS2 2012

作者： Aminzou, Said MacHkour, Mustapha Khamlichi, Youness Idrissi Afdel, Karim Er-Raha, Brahim Laboratory of Industrial and Computer Engineering ENSA Agadir Morocco Laboratory of the Computing Systems and Vision Faculty of Sciences Agadir Morocco Department of Computer Engineering ENSA of Khouribga Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781467310512

Secure and efficient management of multimedia objects in medical information system have become a necessity in today's global environment. To strengthen the security level already present in the database management system and to avoid illegal access to comprehensive content of database including patient's information, we propose in this article a mechanism using the content-based watermarking technique. Information of patient and a digest are encrypted, before being embedded into LSB's bitplane of image associated to the patient. This image is directly integrated into the database. The edge map and invariant moments are used to check the integrity of the image. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cryptography

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DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTIC POLARIZATION STATES OF THE RADAR TARGET SCATTERING MATRIX (S(AB)) FOR THE COHERENT MONOSTATIC AND RECIPROCAL PROPAGATION SPACE BY USING THE COMPLEX POLARIZATION RATION RHO-TRANSFORMATION FORMULATION

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JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION 1992年第3期9卷 437-455页

作者： XI, AQ BOERNER, WM Communications and Sensing Laboratory M/C 154 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois 60680-4348 USA

We consider a problem originating in radar polarimetry for which the radar target is to be characterized by the properties of its coherent polarization state, given complete coherent backscattering matrix data sets at one frequency and for one target aspect angle. First, the Jones vector formalism for the coherent monostatic case and Sinclair's backscattering matrix [S(AB)] for the general polarization basis (AB) are introduced. Using the unitary change of polarization state transformation, we present the concept of the characteristic polarization states of a scatterer, which was introduced by Kennaugh and Huynen. The generalized unitary transformation matrix formulation under the change-of-basis transformation, expressed in terms of the generalized polarization ratio rho(AB), is developed for emphasizing the unique properties of the interrelation among the existing characteristic polarization states. For the monostatic reciprocal case (S(AB) = S(BA)) treated here, it is shown that there exist in total five pairs of characteristic polarization states: the orthogonal cross-polarization null and the copolarization maximum-state pairs, which are identical and share one main circle with the copolarization null and the orthogonal cross-polarization maximum-state pairs, the latter being at right angles to the cross-polarization null pairs;and a newly identified pair, the orthogonal cross-polarization saddle-point extrema that are normal to the plane (main circle) spanned by the other four pairs. With this complete and unique mathematical description of Huynen's polarization fork concept, it is possible to study the problem of polarimetric radar target optimization more rigorously. Various examples are provided and interpreted by comparing the unique result with the results of previous incomplete analyses. In conclusion, the relevance of these canonical results to optical polarimetry are highlighted and interpreted.

关键词： Backscattering Coherent states Inverse problems Mueller matrices Polarization Scattering

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Optical antennas: A boost for infrared detection

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Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2008年第6期26卷 2156-2159页

作者： Li, Huifeng Cheng, Xing Solid-State Electronics Photonics and Nano-Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A and M University College Station TX 77843 United States

Optical antennas that operate at infrared wavelengths are studied for their potential application in enhancing the sensitivity of infrared detectors. Huge enhancement of infrared intensity can be achieved at the gap region of dipole and bowtie aperture antennas. The intensity enhancement is found to increase monotonically with a narrower gap size. The infrared radiation is also found to be concentrated above and below the antenna plane at the gap region, which allows for easy integration of the optical antennas with infrared detectors. The advantages of the infrared antennas, such as strong field enhancement and easy fabrication, may present a viable solution toward achieving highly sensitive and highly compact uncooled infrared detectors to impact numerous infrared technologies. © 2008 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Infrared radiation

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