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On building automation system security

High-Confidence Computing 2024年第3期4卷 103-122页

作者： Christopher Morales-Gonzalez Matthew Harper Michael Cash Lan Luo Zhen Ling Qun Z.Sun Xinwen Fu Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowell 01854USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlando 32816USA School of Computer Science and Technology Southeast UniversityMa’anshan 243032China School of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyNanjing 211189China

Building Automation systems(BASs)are seeing increased usage in modern society due to the plethora of benefits they provide such as automation for climate control,HVAC systems,entry systems,and lighting *** BASs in use are outdated and suffer from numerous vulnerabilities that stem from the design of the underlying BAS *** this paper,we provide a comprehensive,up-to-date survey on BASs and attacks against seven BAS protocols including BACnet,EnOcean,KNX,LonWorks,Modbus,ZigBee,and *** studies of secure BAS protocols are also presented,covering BACnet Secure Connect,KNX Data Secure,KNX/IP Secure,ModBus/TCP Security,EnOcean High Security and Z-Wave *** and ZigBee do not have security *** point out how these security protocols improve the security of the BAS and what issues remain.A case study is provided which describes a real-world BAS and showcases its vulnerabilities as well as recommendations for improving the security of *** seek to raise awareness to those in academia and industry as well as highlight open problems within BAS security.

关键词： Building automation system BAS protocols Security Attack

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PS-IPS: Deploying Intrusion Prevention System with machine learning on programmable switch

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Future Generation computer systems 2024年 152卷 333-342页

作者： Lee, Alan Y.-P. Wang, Michael I.-C. Hung, Chi-Hsiang Wen, Charles H.-P. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering United States Advanced SDN Technology Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan

Intrusion prevention is significant to avoid device damage and financial losses. Researchers have proposed various Intrusion Prevention systems (IPS) to prevent malware, including traditional and SDN-based IPS. However, existing IPSs suffer from low throughput problems caused by detection and rule-installation delays. Here, we propose a programmable switch-base IPS (named PS-IPS), which utilizes the switch CPU and pipeline to detect malware. PS-IPS consists of four main components: (1) parser, (2) flow filter, (3) recirculation director, and (4) malware detector. According to the experiment, PS-IPS achieves a 183X throughput than the SDN-based IPS. The response time of PS-IPS is also reduced by 99.99%, showing that PS-IPS effectively prevents malware with a single programmable switch. © 2023

关键词： Machine learning

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Effects of Changing Consumer Demand on Distributed Generation and Grid Optimization

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 93798-93817页

作者： Mahdavi, Meisam Bagheri, Amir Soleimani, Alireza Pinnarelli, Anna Jurado, Francisco Awaafo, Augustine University of Jaén Department of Electrical Engineering Jaén23700 Spain University of Zanjan Department of Electrical Engineering Zanjan45371-38791 Iran Arcavacata87036 Italy University of Energy and Natural Resources Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering Sunyani Ghana

Integrating Distributed Generations (DGs) within adaptive power grids is a highly effective approach to reducing electricity losses and minimizing generation and switching costs in contemporary electric systems. The efficiency of these strategies is heavily influenced by consumer load profiles, which significantly affect energy losses, generation expenses, and overall purchasing costs. This connection underscores the crucial role of consumer load variations in determining electricity losses, operational expenditures, and energy pricing, thereby impacting the network’s topology and the optimal placement of DGs. Considering load variability in DG placement within reconfigurable networks adds considerable computational complexity, resulting in extended processing times. Ignoring these variations, however, can lead to inaccurate estimations of losses and costs. This research examines how consumer load variations affect the allocation of DG and the reconfiguration strategies of distribution grids. Utilizing A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) as a traditional optimization tool, the study evaluates the proposed model across diverse distribution networks. The simulation results demonstrate that while consumer load variations do not change the total number of DG units required, they significantly influence the optimal locations, switching combinations, and total grid costs. From an energy policy perspective, these findings emphasize the need for utility operators to incorporate consumer load dynamics into their strategies. This integration ensures better alignment with regulatory frameworks that promote efficient energy. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Islanding

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Development of a Mobile Monitoring Application for a Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)-Based Struvite Fertilizer Production System 10

Development of a Mobile Monitoring Application for a Message...

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10th International HCI and UX Conference in Indonesia, CHIuXiD 2024

作者： Maulana, Ilham Fitria, Maya Faizah, Cut Nurul Adharani, Daffa Hirta Jinan, Sarah Nada Dawood, Rahmad Universitas Syiah Kuala Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia Universitas Syiah Kuala Interactive Intelligent Systems Reseach Group Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Banda Aceh23111 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380439

Struvite fertilizer, characterized by its slow-release qualities, is comprised of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate and is vital for plant growth. The Integrated laboratory Unit of Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK) has developed a prototype for struvite fertilizer production equipment, but the production process requires manual monitoring. This project seeks to create an MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)-based mobile application for the real-time monitoring and control of struvite fertilizer production equipment. The application employs the MQTT communication protocol, known for its quick data transmission and minimal bandwidth requirements. This application incorporates sensors on the production machine, which includes a reactor, filter, and dryer, and employs an Amazon Web Service's (AWS) IoT Core as the MQTT broker. Findings from the application's evaluation indicate that the mobile application can efficiently monitor and control several machine components. Data transmission to MQTT topics was successful, facilitating seamless communication. Functional and integration testing demonstrated that the system operates effectively. Usability testing outcomes yielded an average score of 77.75 with a system usability scale (SUS) approach, signifying that the application possesses a satisfactory degree of usability classified within the 'Grade B' category. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Telemetering systems

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Design of an RF-CMOS Switched-Capacitor Power Amplifier for NB-IoT RF Transceivers

Design of an RF-CMOS Switched-Capacitor Power Amplifier for ...

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2023 International Young Engineers Forum in electrical and computer engineering, YEF-ECE 2023

作者： Santos, Ana Isabel Pedro Oliveira, Joao NOVA School of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Caparica Portugal Centre of Technology and Systems CTS-UNINOVA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Caparica Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300420

The paper presents the implementation of a Switched Capacitor Power Amplifier (SCPA) to be integrated into a Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) Transceiver. The SCPA is designed to operate at a frequency of 0.9GHz and aiming the maximum output power allowed by the standard of 23dBm. All the blocks within the SCPA were developed using RF components of a standard 130nm CMOS process, with a 1.2V/2.4V supply voltage. Results show that the SCPA is able to produce a maximum output power of 15.61dBm with a maximum Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) of 26.52% and a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 0.68%. The measured HD2 and HD3 are-70.23dBc and-43.41dBc, respectively. Additional Process, Voltage and Temperature (PVT) corners and Monte Carlo simulations indicate the SCPA operates properly when subject to different conditions and mismatches. Besides the SCPA, a 16 QAM modulation stage is designed in VerilogA in order to evaluate the performance of the RF PA when a sequence of symbols is transmitted. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Power amplifiers

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Large-signal Stability Analysis of Three-phase Grid-following Inverters

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2023年 1-15页

作者： Pal, Diptak Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan Johnson, Brian Venkatramanan, D. Dhople, Sairaj Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India Chandra Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Department of Energy Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

This work analytically establishes a multi-variable energy function for a three-phase grid-following inverter leveraging a unified equivalent-circuit model for its physical- and control-layer subsystems. This is a significant contribution to the prior art in which analytical approaches to large-signal stability for inverters have largely been attempted with simplified models. Central to our effort is to cast physical- and control-layer dynamics of each dynamical subsystem as an equivalent circuit consisting of familiar circuit elements adopting a positive-sequence modeling framework. An energy function for the inverter is then constructively synthesized by summing the energy functions across the various subsystems that are readily derived from circuit-theoretic principles. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the equivalent-circuit model of the inverter as well as the efficacy of the synthesized energy function in characterizing large-signal stability following a disturbance. IEEE

关键词： Stability criteria

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Empowering Persian LLMs for Instruction Following: A Novel Dataset and Training Approach 1

Empowering Persian LLMs for Instruction Following: A Novel D...

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1st Workshop on Language Models for Low-Resource Languages, LoResLM 2025 - co-located at the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Mokhtarabadi, Hojjat Zamani, Ziba Maazallahi, Abbas Manshaei, Mohammad Hossein Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Iran Department of Computer Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Computer Science Hunter College City University of New York NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762152

Instruction-tuned large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in following human instructions across various domains. However, their proficiency remains notably deficient in many low-resource languages. To address this challenge, we begin by introducing FarsInstruct: a comprehensive instruction dataset designed to enhance the instruction-following ability of large language models specifically for the Persian language—a significant yet underrepresented language globally. FarsInstruct encompasses a wide range of task types and datasets, each containing a mix of straightforward to complex manual written instructions, as well as translations from the Public Pool of Prompts, ensuring a rich linguistic and cultural representation. Furthermore, we introduce Co-CoLA, a framework designed to enhance the multi-task adaptability of LoRA-tuned models. Through extensive experimental analyses, our study showcases the effectiveness of the FarsInstruct dataset coupled with training by the Co-CoLA framework, in improving the performance of large language models within the Persian context. As of the current writing, FarsInstruct comprises 197 templates across 21 distinct datasets, and we intend to update it consistently, thus augmenting its applicability. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Hybrid NOMA Based MIMO Offloading for Mobile Edge Computing in 6G Networks

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China Communications 2022年第10期19卷 12-20页

作者： Yunus Dursun Fang Fang Zhiguo Ding School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Computer Science Western UniversityLondonCanada

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and mobile edge computing (MEC) are prominent technologies to meet high data rate demand in the sixth generation (6G) communication networks. In this paper, we aim to minimize the transmission delay in the MIMO-MEC in order to improve the spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and data rate of MEC offloading. Dinkelbach transform and generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) method are used to solve the delay minimization problem. Analytical results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed Hybrid-NOMA-MIMO-MEC system. Simulation results reveal that the H-NOMA-MIMO-MEC system can achieve better delay performance and lower energy consumption compared to OMA.

关键词： NOMA MEC MIMO Generalized sin-gular value decomposition sixth generation networks(6G) delay minimization

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Deep Learning-Based Estimation of Arterial Stiffness from PPG Spectrograms: A Novel Approach for Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Diagnostics 46

Deep Learning-Based Estimation of Arterial Stiffness from PP...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Abrisham, Kiana Pilevar Alipour, Khalil Tarvirdizadeh, Bahram Ghamari, Mohammad Laboratory Department of Mechatronics Engineering School of Intelligent Systems Engineering College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Tehran Iran Kettering University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering FlintMI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of global mortality, are intricately linked to arterial stiffness, a key factor in cardiovascular health. Non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness, particularly through Carotid-to-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cf-PWV) - the gold standard in this field - is vital for early detection and management of CVDs. This study introduces a novel approach, utilizing photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal spectrograms as inputs for deep learning models to estimate cf-PWV, a significant advancement over traditional methods. Employing a modified ResNet-18 architecture, we analyze PPG signals from digital, radial, and brachial arteries of a simulated dataset of 4374 healthy adults. Our methodology's innovation lies in its direct use of finely tuned spectrogram images, bypassing the complex feature extraction processes. This approach achieved R2 (correlation coefficient) values of up to 0.9902 for the digital artery, 0.9898 for the radial artery, and 0.9825 for the brachial artery, coupled with significantly lower Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAPE) of approximately 1.61% for the digital, 1.87% for the radial, and 2.08% for the brachial artery. These findings highlight the efficacy of PPG spectrograms, especially from the digital artery, in providing an accurate, user-friendly, and non-invasive method for cf-PWV estimation, thereby enhancing the capabilities of non-invasive cardiovascular diagnostics. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Photoplethysmography

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A New Profiling-Based Side-Channel Attack on Graphics Processing Units

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Journal of Computing Science and engineering 2023年第1期17卷 30-40页

作者： Wang, Xin Zhang, Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University RichmondVA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Louisville LouisvilleKY United States

Graphics processing units (GPUs) have been increasingly used to solve a range of compute-intensive and data-parallel scientific computing problems that can be perfectly parallelized for performance speedups. Particularly, GPUs have recently become popular to host the encryption/decryption algorithms due to its high-throughput computing capability. However, the security issues of moving the cryptographic algorithms onto GPUs have not been studied adequately. Consequently, with absence of any protection strategy, the potential vulnerabilities of GPUs to side-channel attacks (SCAs) may expose the confidential information with high risk. In this paper, we proposed a new profiling-assisted correlationbased side-channel attack (pacSCA) to demonstrate that ignoring security issues and naively moving security services onto GPUs can offer adversaries fatal vulnerabilities to thieve critical information. The results showed that the proposed SCA can rebuild the secure key of the AES-128 algorithm in less than 6 seconds, revealing the urgency of protecting GPUs against side-channel threats. © Copyright 2023. The Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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