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Single plasmonic exceptional point nanoantenna coupled to a photonic integrated circuit sensor

Photonics Research 2025年第3期13卷 632-641页

作者： KAMYAR BEHROUZI ZHANNI WU LIWEI LIN BOUBACAR KANTE Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Point-of-care sensors are pivotal for early disease diagnosis, significantly advancing global health. Surface plasmons, the collective oscillations of free electrons under electromagnetic excitation, have been widely studied for biosensing due to their electromagnetic field enhancements at sub-wavelength scales. We introduce a plasmonic biosensor on a compact photonic integrated circuit (PIC) enhanced by exceptional points (EPs). EPs, singularities in non-Hermitian optical systems, provide extreme sensitivity to external perturbations. They emerge when two or more complex resonating modes merge into a single degenerate mode. We demonstrate an EP in a single coupled nanoantenna particle positioned in a uniquely designed silicon nitride slot-waveguide, which we call a junction-waveguide. By laterally shifting two optically coupled gold nanobars of different lengths, we achieve a single particle EP. The junction-waveguide enables efficient coupling of the plasmonic nanoantenna to the waveguide mode. The system integrates a four-port Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), allowing for simultaneous measurements of the amplitude and phase of EP, facilitating highly accurate real-time eigenvalue extraction. For biosensing, we encapsulated the detection zone with a microchannel, enabling low-volume and simple sample handling. Our single particle integrated EP sensor demonstrates superior sensitivity compared to the corresponding linear diabolic point (DP) system under both local and bulk sensing schemes, even at large perturbations. Our studies revealed that the integrated EP sensor can detect a single molecule captured by the nanobars with the average size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The proposed EP biosensor, with its extreme sensitivity,compact form, and real-time phase sensing capabilities, provides an approach for detecting and quantifying various biomarkers such as proteins and nucleic acids, offering a unique platform for early disease diagnosis.

关键词： Effective refractive index Field enhancement Optical systems Plasmon waveguides Surface plasmon polaritons Waveguide modes

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Massive GaN micro-LED array based underwater wireless optical communication

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Optics Express 2025年第9期33卷 19527-19534页

作者： Lv, Zhijian Liu, Xinyi Wu, Shuang Zhang, Wenwei Yue, C. Patrick Liu, Zhaojun Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies The Integrated Circuit Design Center Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

High-speed underwater wireless optical communication technology is a much-needed communication technology in current underwater applications, and micro-LED is a promising light source option. Considering the limitation of transmission distance due to the low optical power of a single micro-LED pixel, an underwater wireless optical communication system based on a novel massive GaN micro-LED array includes more than 5000 pixels fabricated via flip-chip technology is proposed, which can achieve 165-Mbps and 90-Mbps at 37.7 m and 73.5 m, respectively. Therefore, the feasibility of realizing a high data rate and long transmission distance in an underwater wireless optical communication system based on a novel massive micro-LED array is confirmed. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Fiber to the x

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An Experimental Study of Passive UAV Tracking With Digital Arrays and Cellular Downlink Signals

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2025年 6卷 3779-3794页

作者： Sun, Yifei Yu, Chao Luo, Yan Xiao Han, Tony Tan, Haisheng Wang, Rui Lau, Francis C. M. Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shenzhen518055 China The University of Hong Kong School of Computing and Data Science Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Huawei Technologies Company Ltd. Wireless Technology Laboratory Shenzhen518063 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Hefei230027 China

Given the prospects of the low-altitude economy (LAE) and the popularity of autonomous aerial vehicles (UAVs), there are increasing demands on monitoring flying objects at low altitude in wide urban areas. In this work, the widely deployed long-term evolution (LTE) base station (BS) is exploited to illuminate UAVs in bistatic trajectory tracking. Specifically, a passive sensing receiver with two digital antenna arrays is proposed and developed to capture both the line-of-sight (LoS) signal and the scattered signal off a target UAV. From their cross ambiguity function, the bistatic range, Doppler shift and angle-of-arrival (AoA) of the target UAV can be detected in a sequence of time slots. In order to address missed detections and false alarms of passive sensing, a target tracking framework is adopted to track the trajectory of the target UAV. It is demonstrated by experiments that the proposed UAV tracking system can achieve a meter-level accuracy. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Long Term Evolution (LTE)

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Proactive Robust Hardening of Resilient Power Distribution Network: Decision-Dependent Uncertainty Modeling and Fast Solution Strategy

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IEEE Transactions on Automation science and engineering 2025年 22卷 14953-14966页

作者： Ma, Donglai Cao, Xiaoyu Zeng, Bo Jia, Qing-Shan Chen, Chen Zhai, Qiaozhu Guan, Xiaohong Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Automation Science and Engineering Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China University of Pittsburgh Department of Industrial Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PittsburghPA15106 United States Tsinghua University Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems Department of Automation Beijing100084 China Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Electrical Engineering Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

To address the power system hardening problem, traditional approaches often adopt robust optimization (RO) that considers a fixed set of concerned contingencies, regardless of the fact that hardening some components actually renders relevant contingencies impractical. In this paper, we directly adopt a dynamic uncertainty set that explicitly incorporates the impact of hardening decisions on the worst-case contingencies, which leads to a decision-dependent uncertainty (DDU) set. Then, a DDU-based robust-stochastic optimization (DDU-RSO) model is proposed to support the hardening decisions on distribution lines and distributed generators (DGs). Also, the randomness of load variations and available storage levels is considered through stochastic programming (SP) in the innermost level problem. Various corrective measures (e.g., the joint scheduling of DGs and energy storage) are included, coupling with a finite support of stochastic scenarios, for resilience enhancement. To relieve the computation burden of this new hardening formulation, an enhanced customization of parametric column-and-constraint generation (P-C&CG) algorithm is developed. By leveraging the network structural information, the enhancement strategies based on resilience importance indices are designed to improve the convergence performance. Numerical results on 33-bus and 118-bus test distribution networks have demonstrated the effectiveness of DDU-RSO aided hardening scheme. Furthermore, in comparison to existing solution methods, the enhanced P-C&CG has achieved a superior performance by reducing the solution time by a few orders of magnitude. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic programming

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Joint Access Control and Pilot Design to Minimize Average AoI in Cell-Free Massive MIMO System with Grant-Free Random Access

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第10期12卷 14876-14885页

作者： Zhou, Meng Yuan, Xuan Yuan, Peiyan Zhang, Junna Zhao, Xiaoyan Xie, Mangang Yang, Longxiang Zhu, Hongbo Engineering Laboratory of Intelligence Business and Internet of Things Technologies Henan Xinxiang453007 China Zhejiang University Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang University City College School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou310015 China Northwest Normal University College of Computer Science and Engineering Lanzhou730070 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Department of Communication and Information Engineering Nanjing210003 China

As one of the most critical tasks currently, it is essential to excavate the status update performance. In this paper, we combine access control and pilot design to minimize average age of information (AoI) in cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with grant-free (GF) random access, where the positions of both the access points (APs) and machine-type communication devices (MTCDs) are geographically distributed as independent Poisson point processes (PPPs). Based on the establish two-disk computation model, we frist formulate the access successful probability by leveraging the stochastic geometry for GF transmission. Then, the closed-form expression of the average AoI is approximately derived. The derived results enable us precisely quantify the impact of network parameters on the system-level performance. To minimize the average AoI, a joint access control and pilot design scheme is proposed. Finally, simulation results are provided to furnish invaluable insight into system performance and certificate the validity of the proposed algorithm. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Phasmatodea Population Evolution Algorithm Based on Spiral Mechanism and Its Application to Data Clustering

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 475-496页

作者： Jeng-Shyang Pan Mengfei Zhang Shu-Chuan Chu Xingsi Xue Václav Snášel College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Information Management Chaoyang University of TechnologyTaichung41349TaiwanChina Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350118China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VŠB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava70833Czech Republic

Data clustering is an essential technique for analyzing complex datasets and continues to be a central research topic in data *** clustering algorithms,such as K-means,are widely used due to their simplicity and *** paper proposes a novel Spiral Mechanism-Optimized Phasmatodea Population Evolution Algorithm(SPPE)to improve clustering *** SPPE algorithm introduces several enhancements to the standard Phasmatodea Population Evolution(PPE)***,a Variable Neighborhood Search(VNS)factor is incorporated to strengthen the local search capability and foster population ***,a position update model,incorporating a spiral mechanism,is designed to improve the algorithm’s global exploration and convergence ***,a dynamic balancing factor,guided by fitness values,adjusts the search process to balance exploration and exploitation *** performance of SPPE is first validated on CEC2013 benchmark functions,where it demonstrates excellent convergence speed and superior optimization results compared to several state-of-the-art metaheuristic *** further verify its practical applicability,SPPE is combined with the K-means algorithm for data clustering and tested on seven *** results show that SPPE-K-means improves clustering accuracy,reduces dependency on initialization,and outperforms other clustering *** study highlights SPPE’s robustness and efficiency in solving both optimization and clustering challenges,making it a promising tool for complex data analysis tasks.

关键词： Phasmatodea population evolution algorithm data clustering meta-heuristic algorithm

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Learning to Communicate Among Agents for Large-Scale Dynamic Path Planning With Genetic Programming Hyperheuristic

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第5期6卷 1269-1283页

作者： Liao, Xiao-Cheng Hu, Xiao-Min Chen, Xiang-Ling Mei, Yi Jia, Ya-Hui Chen, Wei-Neng Victoria University of Wellington Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence School of Engineering and Computer Science Wellington6140 New Zealand Guangdong University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Guangzhou510006 China Hanyang University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ansan15588 Korea Republic of South China University of Technology School of Future Technology Guangzhou510006 China Pazhou Lab Guangzhou510005 China South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science Guangzhou510006 China

Genetic programming hyperheuristic (GPHH) has recently become a promising methodology for large-scale dynamic path planning (LDPP) since it can produce reusable heuristics rather than disposable solutions. However, in this methodology, the extracted local and decentralized heuristic for agents that lack a global systemic view sometimes may be problematic. Therefore, a new challenge is to strike a balance between conciseness to improve generalization ability and incorporation of more global information to obtain better performance. In this work, we target the LDPP problem and propose a communication learning mechanism (ComLGP) for GPHH to address the above difficulties. In ComLGP, a communication function is introduced to serve as a communication protocol and exist in the form of an extra terminal in GPHH. Compared to the classic terminals which are fixed in genetic programing, this communication function undergoes optimization along with the evolutionary process of GPHH. In this way, the communication function can be learned which enables agents to communicate without a predefined communication protocol. Then, a caching and lazy updating mechanism for ComLGP is presented to accelerate the calculation of communication content. Last, we verified our method on 22 scenarios including two real world road networks. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ComLGP can successfully learn to communicate. Although in the absence of any manually designed communication features, ComLGP is capable of achieving performance competitive to the state-of-the-art method that employs a predefined communication protocol and outperforms the remaining compared methods in most scenarios. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic programming

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Fully Decentralized Computation Offloading in Priority-Driven Edge Computing Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Aggarwal, Shubham Bastopcu, Melih Zaman, Muhammad Aneeq uz Başar, Tamer Ulukus, Sennur Akar, Nail Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana Champaign United States Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bilkent University Turkey Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland United States

We develop a novel framework for fully decentralized offloading policy design in multi access edge computing (MEC) systems. The system comprises N power-constrained user equipments (UEs) assisted by an edge server (ES) to process incoming tasks. Tasks are labeled with urgency flags, and in this paper, we classify them under three urgency levels, namely, high, moderate, and low urgency. We formulate the problem of designing computation decisions for the UEs within a large population noncooperative game framework, where each UE selfishly decides on how to split task execution between its local onboard processor and the ES. We employ the weighted average age of information (AoI) metric to quantify information freshness at the UEs. Increased on-board processing consumes more local power, while increased offloading may potentially incur a higher average AoI due to other UEs’ packets being offloaded to the same ES. Thus, we use the mean-field game (MFG) formulation to compute approximate decentralized Nash equilibrium offloading and local computation policies for the UEs to balance between the information freshness and local power consumption. Finally, we provide a projected gradient descent-based algorithm to numerically assess the merits of our approach. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computation offloading

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ON INFINITE-HORIZON MINIMUM ENERGY CONTROL

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Belabbas, Mohamed-Ali Chen, Xudong Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis United States

We address the infinite-horizon minimum energy control problem for linear time-invariant finite-dimensional systems (A, B). We show that the problem admits a solution if and only if (A, B) is stabilizable and A does n... 详细信息

关键词： Linear time-invariant system

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Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo Shen Hongli Dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

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