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Video captioning using transformer-based GAN

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7091-7113页

作者： Babavalian, Mohammad Reza Kiani, Kourosh Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Semnan University Semnan Iran

Video captioning is the process of automatically generating natural language descriptions of video content. Historically, most video captioning methods have relied on extending Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) models. However, such approaches possess limitations due to the sequential nature of the captions, which leads to less accurate captions. To address this limitation, this paper introduces a novel end-to-end architecture for video captioning that combines conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (cWGAN) with a transformer model. The proposed architecture consists of two modules: feature extraction and caption generation. The feature extraction module aims to obtain an encoded feature vector representing the video contents, while the caption generation module generates human-readable captions from encoded feature vector. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first architecture for generative video captioning that integrates a transformer model with GAN. The results of the proposed model based on the BLEU-4, METEOR, ROUGE-L, and CIDEr metrics, on two datasets, MSVD (BLEU-4 = 61.2, METEOR = 41.6) and MSR-VTT (BLEU-4 = 61.2, METEOR = 31.1), compared to state-of-the-art approaches, demonstrate the effectiveness of the transformer with generative model in generating accurate and human-readable captions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Realtime and Integrated Framework for LiDAR-based Object Tracking

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Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 2025年第3期31卷 196-205页

作者： Lee, Gyuseok Kim, Kana Lee, Jejun Kim, Hakil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inha University Korea Republic of

This study proposes a real-time integrated framework for LiDAR-based object tracking in autonomous driving environments. Advancements in LiDAR sensors are increasing point cloud data collection, leading to a demand for reliable real-time processing methods. The proposed framework applies voxelization and ground removal techniques to reduce computational load and integrates clustering and deep learning-based object recognition to ensure stability. Combining the point cloud data from LiDAR and the IMU data corrects distortions and refines real-time object movement, enabling accurate tracking in dynamic environments. This framework supports a maximum detection range of 100 m, with a computation time of 52 ms, a positional error of 1.06 m, a heading error of 3.79°, a relative velocity error of 1.46 m/s, and an average tracking frame count of 101, thereby improving object recognition accuracy and tracking performance while fulfilling real-time processing requirements. © ICROS 2025.

关键词： 3D object detection autonomous driving LiDAR object tracking

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MCVL: Multi-directional Camera-based Visual Localization Resistant to Seasonal and Illumination Changes

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Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 2025年第2期31卷 153-159页

作者： Mun, Giyoung Kim, Hakil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inha University Korea Republic of

The global navigation satellite system-based technology has inherent limitations due to its reliance on radio signals. In contrast, visual localization operates independently of radio communication, presenting a viable solution to overcome these limitations. However, it is susceptible to seasonal and illumination variations, highlighting the need for research to address these challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes the multi-directional camera-based visual localization, which is robust against seasonal and illumination changes. The proposed method combines image from multiple directions and extracts global deep learning features. Subsequently, local deep learning features are extracted to preserve the characteristics of each combined image, allowing for the identification of geographically similar images. This approach utilize multi-directional cameras, enabling resilient performance under various constraints. Moreover, it demonstrates an improvement of 7.56% in recall rate at 1-meter threshold compared to existing methods. © ICROS 2025.

关键词： Global positioning system

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A Comprehensive Data Description for LoRaWAN Path Loss Measurements in an Indoor Office Setting: Effects of Environmental Factors

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 83148-83170页

作者： Obiri, Nahshon Mokua Laerhoven, Kristof Van University of Siegen Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Germany

This paper presents a comprehensive dataset of LoRaWAN technology path loss measurements collected in an indoor office environment, focusing on quantifying the effects of environmental factors on signal propagation. Utilizing a network of six strategically placed LoRaWAN end devices (EDs) and a single indoor gateway (GW) at the University of Siegen's Hölderlinstraße Campus in the City of Siegen, Germany, we systematically measured signal strength indicators such as the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) under various environmental conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, barometric pressure, and particulate matter levels (PM2.5). Our empirical analysis confirms that transient phenomena such as reflections, scattering, interference, occupancy patterns (induced by environmental parameter variations), and furniture rearrangements can alter signal attenuation by as much as 10.58 dB, highlighting the dynamic nature of indoor propagation. As an example of how this dataset can be utilized, we tested and evaluated a refined Log-Distance Path Loss and Shadowing Model that integrates both structural obstructions (Multiple Walls) and Environmental Parameters (LDPLSM-MW-EP). Compared to a baseline model that considers only Multiple Walls (LDPLSMMW), the enhanced approach reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) from 10.58 dB to 8.04 dB and increased the coefficient of determination (R2) from 0.6917 to 0.8222. By capturing the extra effects of environmental conditions and occupancy dynamics, this improved model provides valuable insights for optimizing power usage and prolonging device battery life, enhancing network reliability in indoor Internet of Things (IoT) deployments, among other applications. The dataset, accessible upon reasonable request, offers a solid foundation for future research and development in indoor wireless communication. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Green computing

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Monitoring COVID-19 environment: a real-time facial mask detection using YOLO models

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第1期41卷 1-18页

作者： Pandiyan, P. Thangaraj, Rajasekaran V, Balasubramanian V. K, Manavalasundaram S, Balakrishnan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nandha Engineering College Erode India Department of Information Technology Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Erode India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore India

Purpose: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has resulted in significant harm and impacted tens of millions of people globally. In order to prevent the transmission of the virus, individuals often wear masks as a protective measure for themselves and others. Coronavirus protection guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to WHO standards, COVID-19 can be prevented by wearing a mask in public places and congested regions. In these places, it is very difficult to personally check to see if people are wearing face masks or not. Methods: The objective of this research work is to build a powerful, efficient, and real-time approach for detecting people not wearing masks. Three cutting-edge object identification models, namely YOLOv4, Tiny-YOLOv4, and YOLOv5, are employed in this study for the identification of masked faces. Result: The proposed YOLOv5 model is evaluated using real-time images captured using a smartphone or tablet. The test images include both single and multiple people with and without masks. The YOLOv5 model achieved recognition accuracy of 88.90% with an average detection speed of 0.0316 s per image, whereas the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4 produced recognition accuracy of 82.24% and 74.80% with an average detection speed of 0.0530 s and 0.0541 s per image, respectively. Conclusion: The comparative performance suggests that the YOLOv5 model has a maximum recognition accuracy of 88.90% in face mask identification tasks compared to other models such as the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Derandomizing Codes for the Adversarial Wiretap Channel of Type II

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年第6期71卷 4686-4707页

作者： Ruzomberka, Eric Nikbakht, Homa Brinton, Christopher G. Love, David J. Poor, H. Vincent Air Force Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Princeton University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Purdue University Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering West Lafayette United States

The adversarial wiretap channel of type II (AWTC-II) is a communication channel that can a) read a fraction of the transmitted symbols up to a given bound and b) induce both errors and erasures in a fraction of the symbols up to given bounds. The channel is controlled by an adversary who can freely choose the locations of the symbol reads, errors and erasures via a process with unbounded computational power. The AWTC-II is an extension of Ozarow’s and Wyner’s wiretap channel of type II to the adversarial channel setting. The semantic-secrecy (SS) capacity of the AWTC-II is partially known, where the best-known lower bound is non-constructive and proven via a random coding argument that uses a large number (that is, exponential in blocklength n) of random bits to describe the random code. In this work, we establish a new derandomization result in which we match the best-known lower bound via a non-constructive random code that uses only O(n2) random bits. Unlike fully random codes, our derandomized code admits an efficient encoding algorithm and benefits from some linear structure. Our derandomization result is a novel application of random pseudolinear codes – a class of non-linear codes first proposed for applications outside the AWTC-II setting, which have k-wise independent codewords where k is a design parameter. As the key technical tool in our analysis, we provide a novel concentration inequality for sums of random variables with limited independence, as well as a soft-covering lemma similar to that of Goldfeld, Cuff and Permuter that holds for random codes with k-wise independent codewords. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Fuzzy clustering for electric field characterization and its application to thunderstorm interpretability

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 299-307页

作者： Xu Yang Hongyan Xing Xinyuan Ji Wei Xu Witold Pedrycz School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istinye University

Changes in the Atmospheric Electric Field Signal(AEFS) are highly correlated with weather changes, especially with thunderstorm activities. However, little attention has been paid to the ambiguous weather information implicit in AEFS changes. In this paper, a Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering method is used for the first time to develop an innovative approach to characterize the weather attributes carried by AEFS. First, a time series dataset is created in the time domain using AEFS attributes. The AEFS-based weather is evaluated according to the time-series Membership Degree(MD) changes obtained by inputting this dataset into the FCM. Second, thunderstorm intensities are reflected by the change in distance from a thunderstorm cloud point charge to an AEF apparatus. Thus, a matching relationship is established between the normalized distance and the thunderstorm dominant MD in the space domain. Finally, the rationality and reliability of the proposed method are verified by combining radar charts and expert experience. The results confirm that this method accurately characterizes the weather attributes and changes in the AEFS, and a negative distance-MD correlation is obtained for the first time. The detection of thunderstorm activity by AEF from the perspective of fuzzy set technology provides a meaningful guidance for interpretable thunderstorms.

关键词： Atmospheric electric field (AEF) Thunderstorm Fuzzy C-means (FCM) Attribute

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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A New Resilient Configuration of Wound Rotor Resolver in Mechanical Fault Conditions

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 19069-19076页

作者： Zare, F. Tootoonchian, F. Nasiri-Gheidari, Z. Isfahan University of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan Iran Iran University of Science and Technology Electrical Engineering Department Tehran Iran Sharif University of Technology Electrical Engineering Department Tehran Iran

Resolvers are widely employed as position sensors to detect both rotational and linear displacement. Among the various types, wound rotor resolvers offer superior accuracy in absolute measurements, especially under mechanical fault conditions, but they present significant manufacturing challenges. This paper introduces a novel winding arrangement designed to simplify the manufacturing process of wound rotor resolvers and enhance the accuracy of the sensor under mechanical fault conditions. The performance of the resolver with this new winding configuration is analyzed, with a particular focus on its resilience to eccentricity faults. To validate the high fault tolerance of the proposed design, a prototype of the optimized configuration was developed and tested. The performance of the prototype under these conditions was comprehensively evaluated through experimental measurements. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Failure (mechanical)

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Drug–target interactions prediction based on similarity graph features extraction and deep learning

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4303-4322页

作者： Torkey, Hanaa El-Behery, Heba Attia, Abdel-Fattah El-Fishawy, Nawal Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf Egypt Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia

Identifying drug–target interactions (DTIs) is a critical step in both drug repositioning. The labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly nature of classic DTI laboratory studies makes it imperative to create efficient computer algorithms to forecast possible DTIs. However, current computational approaches that predict potential drug–target interactions (DTIs) suffer from some limitations, like finding the best similarity measures or negative samples, and thus require substantial performance improvement. This study proposes an integrated approach based on feature representation and deep learning to predict DTIs. We extract the relevant features of drugs and proteins from heterogeneous networks using graph mining techniques. The proposed approach constructs a heterogeneous graph from the known drug–protein interactions, protein–protein, and drug–drug similarities. Then applying two feature extraction techniques to extract the features, then utilizing these features in training a deep learning model to predict the potential DTIs. Also, a novel algorithm is proposed to find the negative samples based on the drug and protein similarity matrices. Four Benchmark datasets are used to evaluate the proposed approach. Our approach achieves the highest AUC (area under the ROC curve) across all datasets (0.98) with around 2% increases over the existing methods. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms the baseline methods in predicting DTI, and our negative sample-identifying algorithm could be established as a competitive solution. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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