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2nd International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models, FLLM 2024

作者： Osorio, Javier Alsarra, Sultan Converse, Amber Alshammari, Afraa Heintze, Dagmar Khan, Latifur Alatrush, Naif Brandt, Patrick T. D'orazio, Vito Zawad, Niamat Billah, Mahrusa University of Arizona School of Government and Public Policy Tucson United States King Saud University Department of Software Engineering Riyadh Saudi Arabia University of Arizona Department of Linguistics Tucson United States University of Texas - Dallas Department of Computer Science Dallas United States University of Texas - Dallas School of Economic Political and Policy Sciences Dallas United States West Virginia University Department of Political Science Morgantown United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354799

The dynamics of political conflict and cooperation require powerful computerized tools capable of effectively tracking security threats and cooperation around the world. This study compares the performance of domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs) against generically-trained LLMs in binary and multi-class classification using native text in English, Spanish, and Arabic, and their corresponding machine translations. This endeavor yields four key contributions. 1) We present and make available a novel database of annotations using a multi-lingual parallel corpus from the United Nations. 2) Using various metrics, we assess the quality of different machine translation tools. 3) Our results indicate that the ConfliBERT family of LLMs, a set of domain-specific models tailored for political conflict, outperform generically-trained LLMs in English, Spanish, and Arabic in both binary and multi-class tasks. 4) We also disentangle the heterogeneous effects of machine translation on LLM performance in different languages. Overall, results reveal the comparative advantage of native-language domain-specific LLMs specialized on political conflict to understand the dynamics of violence and cooperation worldwide using native text. Our multi-lingual ConfliBERT LLMs provide critical cyber-infrastructure enabling scholars and government agencies use their local languages and information to foster safer, more stable political environments. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Machine translation

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Electrocoagulation-based AZO DYE (P4R) Removal Rate Prediction Model using Deep Learning

Electrocoagulation-based AZO DYE (P4R) Removal Rate Predicti...

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2023 International Symposium on Green Technologies and Applications, ISGTA 2023

作者： Akoulih, Meryem Tigani, Smail Byoud, Fouzia Rharib, Meryem El Saadane, Rachid Pierre, Samuel Chehri, Abdellah Ghachtouli, Sanae El IME Lab Faculty of Science Hassan 2 University Casablanca20250 Morocco Research and Development Unit Accsellium LLC Fez Morocco Electrical Engineering Department SIRC-LaGeS Hassania School of Public Labors Casablanca20250 Morocco Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montréal MontréalQC Canada Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Royal Military College of Canada KingstonON11 K7K 7B4 Canada

This article presents a study on the effectiveness of electrocoagulation (EC) for the removal of azo dyes from wastewater. The analysis was performed using a combination of statistical methods, including density estimation, correlation analysis, and deep learning for electrocoagulation performance prediction. The results showed that electrocoagulation was able to effectively remove azo dyes from the wastewater, considering the energy consumption and the mass of flocs being important factors in the process. Deep Learning (DL) is used to build our predictive model using the datasets collected during the experimentation stage. Overall, the findings suggest that electrocoagulation is a promising technique for the treatment of wastewater containing azo dyes, and that the use of statistical and machine learning methods can aid in the optimization of the process. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.

关键词： Azo dyes

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CHARLIE: A Chatbot That Recommends Daily Fitness and Diet Plans

CHARLIE: A Chatbot That Recommends Daily Fitness and Diet Pl...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events, PerCom Workshops 2023

作者： Chowdhury, Deepanjali Roy, Ahana Ramamurthy, Sreenivasan Ramasamy Roy, Nirmalya Texas A&m University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College Station United States Howard County Public School System MD United States Bowie State University Department of Computer Science Bowie United States University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Information Systems Baltimore United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453813

Managing a work-life balance has always been challenging, especially after the recent trend of working from home, which has made maintaining one's fitness and diet regime strenuous. Failing to adhere to a fitness and diet plan has been shown to cause long-term effects on a person's health including obesity and shortened lifespans. Currently, people plan their fitness and diet plans around their schedule, but these tasks are challenging to maintain. Users tend to give up these plans due to a lack of time and planning. To help with better planning for a fitness and diet regime, we propose, CHARLIE, a chatbot that works around a user's schedule to intelligently recommend diets and fitness goals based on their calendar. CHARLIE is a recommendation system that suggests the users' a certain meal and fitness activities based on the amount of time they have left in their day and the number of calories they lose. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Recommender systems

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Understanding Price Formation in Grids Transitioning to Zero Marginal Cost Generation

Understanding Price Formation in Grids Transitioning to Zero...

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Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI)

作者： Eleanor Adachi Eli Brock Ruth Kravis Energy and Resources Group Goldman School of Public Policy University of California Berkeley CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA USA

Transitioning electricity grids to $100 \%$ variable renewable energy (VRE) raises concerns about price formation in energy markets if most generators have zero marginal costs, as well as about reliability if the remaining fossil fuel generators shut down early because they cannot earn enough revenue to cover their costs. In this paper, we investigate what happens to market clearing prices, electricity demand, and producer surplus during the transition to $100 \%$ VRE using a five-bus network with price-responsive demand and storage. We employ a quasi-constant elasticity demand curve to simulate demand-side bids and use the DC optimal power flow approximation to model how supply, demand, and storage would be dispatched in the wholesale market. We find that with both price-responsive demand and storage, stable average prices can be maintained throughout the transition to $100 \%$ VRE. In addition, producer surplus per unit of installed capacity for dispatchable generators increases as the transition progresses.

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Real-World Community-in-the-Loop Smart Video Surveillance System

Real-World Community-in-the-Loop Smart Video Surveillance Sy...

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International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)

作者： Shanle Yao Babak Rahimi Ardabili Armin Danesh Pazho Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre Christopher Neff Hamed Tabkhi Electrical and Computer Engineering Department The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte USA Public Policy The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte USA

In recent years, smart video surveillance (SVS) systems have become essential in maintaining public safety and security, particularly in smart city environments. We propose an SVS system that uses advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and computer vision to ensure the timely detection of anomalous behaviors and suspicious objects. The system’s performance is demonstrated through a smartphone application and real-world scenario videos, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing citizen security with low latency. This paper represents a demonstration of such a system for implementing community-in-the-loop smart video surveillance systems and emphasizes their practicality in improving public safety in various settings. The study adds to the growing research on deploying smart video surveillance systems and underscores the importance of engaging local communities in these projects.

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A Comprehensive Exploration of Renewable Energy Education Landscape in Ethiopian public Universities

A Comprehensive Exploration of Renewable Energy Education La...

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IEEE Power engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa, PowerAfrica

作者： Adugnaw Lake Temesgen Getachew Bekele Vanesa Castan Broto Yacob Mulugeta School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Urban Insctitute University of Sheffield Sheffield UK Department of Science Technology Engineering and Public Policy University College London London UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350389388

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389395

The renewable energy sector has experienced a rapid expansion, driven by rising fossil fuel costs, increasing concerns about energy security, and the imperative to electrify rural areas. This growth creates a demand for skilled professionals, and higher education institutions must respond by providing comprehensive and practical renewable energy education. This study aims to analyze energy education in Ethiopian public universities, considering program offerings, content, geographical distribution, challenges, and opportunities. To achieve this, a multifaceted methodology involving systematic curriculum reviews, targeted surveys, data compilation, and interactive spatial mapping is employed. Findings indicate a diverse landscape, with both standalone programs and integrated courses available. Among the 45 public universities, only 22% of them have Institutes of Technologies (IoTs), indicating a significant technology-focused institute gap. None of these universities provide standalone energy programs at the BSc level, and less than 10% offer such programs at the MSc level. Notably, key energy courses like “Energy Conversion and Rural Electrification” and “Hydropower engineering” have been identified, taught in 78% of public universities, and integrated within electrical Power engineering programs at the BSc level. However, the evident lack of practical training and experiential learning in energy education has implications for the sector's development in Ethiopia.

关键词： Training Surveys Systematics Reviews Education Hydroelectric power generation Energy conversion Electrification Stakeholders Security

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Hardware Software Codesign Using an Open-Source Authentication Algorithm 14

Hardware Software Codesign Using an Open-Source Authenticati...

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14th Annual Undergraduate Research Conference on "ICT for Resilient and Sustainable Infrastructure", URC 2022

作者： Albader, Sadoon L. Rehman, Haseeb Ur Zaher, Ashraf A. Public Authority for Applied Education & Training Computer and Information Center Adailiya Kuwait University of Ottawa Faculty of Engineering Ottawa Canada German International University Department of Electrical Engineering Cairo Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346800

This paper explores the use of hardware/software codesign to implement algorithms for open-source message authentication code while investigating the required tools, the problems to be overcome, and satisfying the industry standards for synthesizing the hardware/software codesign. Technical issues related to using the DE10-Nano were carefully analysed, which include the very poor documentation, and the needed specific Linux kernel patches that only work with certain versions of the Linux kernel. This research builds the fundamental blocks for using the DE10-Nano for hardware/software codesign. The results are expected to pave the way to focus on promoting the current trends of hardware/software codesigns and to encourage the hardware manufacturers to offer more help for programmers and engineers. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Addressing the regulatory gap: moving towards an EU AI audit ecosystem beyond the AI Act by including civil society

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AI and Ethics 2024年 1-22页

作者： Hartmann, David de Pereira, José Renato Laranjeira Streitbörger, Chiara Berendt, Bettina Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science TU Berlin Berlin Germany Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society Berlin Germany LAPIN - Laboratory of Public Policy and Internet Public Policy Division Brasília Brazil Bonn Sustainable AI Lab University of Bonn Bonn Germany Kammergericht Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Computer Science KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

The European legislature has proposed the Digital Services Act (DSA) and Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) to regulate platforms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) products. We review to what extent third-party audits are part of both laws and how is access to information on models and the data provided. By considering the value of third-party audits and third-party data access in an audit ecosystem, we identify a regulatory gap in that the AIA does not provide access to data for researchers and civil society. Our contributions to the literature include: (1) Defining an AI audit ecosystem incorporating compliance and oversight. (2) Highlighting a regulatory gap within the DSA and AIA regulatory framework, preventing the establishment of an AI audit ecosystem that has effective oversight by civil society and academia. (3) Emphasizing that third-party audits by research and civil society must be part of that ecosystem, we call for AIA amendments and delegated acts to include data and model access for certain AI products. Furthermore, we call for the DSA to provide NGOs and investigative journalists with data access to platforms by delegated acts and for adaptions and amendments of the AIA to provide third-party audits and data and model access, at least for high-risk systems. Regulations modeled after EU AI regulations should enable data access and third-party audits, fostering an AI audit ecosystem that promotes compliance and oversight mechanisms.

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A Framework for Smart City Implementation using IoT-Cloud Based System Architecture 2

A Framework for Smart City Implementation using IoT-Cloud Ba...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing and electrical Circuits and Electronics, ICDCECE 2023

作者： Dankan Gowda, V. Prasad, K.D.V. De, Tanmoy Srinivas, Ved Anil Kumar, N. Tejpal Moharekar, Tejashree Bms Institute of Technology and Management Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bangalore India Hyderabad India Symbiosis Institute of Business Management Hyderabad Pune India Public Policy Thiagarajar School of Management Madurai India School of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engneering Tirupati India Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural Development Shivaji University Computer Department Maharashtra Kolhapur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350347456

The Internet, a key participant (world wide web) in worldwide information exchange and media sharing, has experienced cumulative upgrades, developments, and given up consequent product IOT, making technology affordable and practical for all uses. Research development includes smart sensors, a communication channel and protocols for exchanging data, and peripherals like an Arduino, a Texas Instruments MSP430G2553, a Weather-proof Tx. Rx. Kit (for exchanging data), a Data Receptor and Decoder Shield for Lab View Kit (for exchanging data), an addressing and de-addressing data module, a communication shield, etc. It is now possible to communicate from a desktop computer or an Android smartphone to a portable device that has an embedded device, such as a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a sensor. In other words, IOT combines always-on networking, always-on computation, and always-on intelligence. The Internet of Things facilitates communication between the central hub (fitted with a Lab-View interface) and the distributed modules (found in places like parks, subways, and highways) that control the lights. The Internet of Things is also useful for keeping the overall cost of setup and maintenance within reasonable economic bounds. The planned development takes into account IoT on two main scales: city-wide automation (also known as smart city) and home-level automation (also known as covering up). © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Smart city

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Detecting Reentrancy Vulnerability in Smart Contracts using Graph Convolution Networks

Detecting Reentrancy Vulnerability in Smart Contracts using ...

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Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC IEEE

作者： Hozefa Lakadawala Komla Dzigbede Yu Chen Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Binghamton University Binghamton NY Department of Public Administration Binghamton University Binghamton NY

Because of many advanced features, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has become a hot topic in the past decade. As an application of blockchain technology, DeFi allows people to trade cryptocurrencies and other financial products more efficiently, securely, and privately. Specifically, using smart contracts further improves transaction rate and the quality of user experience (QoE) by defining the business logic via code. However, if smart contracts are not audited before compiling on an immutable blockchain, it may result in losses of millions. Therefore, there is a compelling need for efficient and effective measures to ensure the robustness and genuineness of smart contracts. In this paper, we propose a Homogeneous Graph Machine Learning Algorithm for Reentrancy attacks DEtection using Graph Convolution Networks (HARDEN). Reentrancy attacks are one of the most infamous vulnerabilities in smart contracts. The experimental results are encouraging and validate the feasibility of applying a Deep Learning (DL) approach to detect vulnerabilities in smart contracts. We hope this preliminary study will inspire more interest and discussions in the raising area.

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