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作者： Janciak, Ivan Lenart, Marek Brezany, Peter Novakova, Lenka Habala, Ondrej Research Group of Scientific Computing Faculty of Computer Science University of Vienna Austria Department of Cybernetics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University Czech Republic Institute of Informatics Slovak Academy of Sciences Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9789532330670

An appropriate and understandable data visualization is a key feature for the usability of a data mining system. The proper visualization methods for data exploration increase the whole acceptability of the system and proper selection of the further data processing tasks. This paper introduces a framework for visualization of results as it is being implemented in the European project ADMIRE (Advanced data Mining and Integration Research for Europe). The feasibility of the framework for distributed systems is presented on a real data mining and integration scenario. We describe two visualization components fully implemented and deployed in the distributed environment. The first one is implemented on the ADMIRE Gateway and is processing input data and producing information required by the second component residing on the ADMIRE Workbench, which provides the actual graphical visualization. The ADMIRE Gateway and Workbench are two basic components of the distributed ADMIRE Platform. © 2011 MIPRO.

关键词： data mining

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Crystallization-induced Stress in Phase Change Random Access Memory

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1137卷 51001-51006页

作者： Li, H. M. Li, M. J. Shi, P. L. Yang, X. H. Chong, C. T. Li, Y. Data Storage Institute (A*STAR) Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

Switched phase change material in Phase Change Random Access Memory (PCRAM) is confined within a solid surrounding. As a result of mechanical properties and microstructure differences between the crystalline and the amorphous phases, strains and stresses are generated and may degrade the performance of PCRAM devices. This paper investigated the crystallization-induced stress in phase change Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) nano film. The electric-thermal and thermo-mechanical simulation results show that the increases of both of the Young’s modulus and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) are responsible for the stress generation upon crystallization. The XRD studies correlate the strains and stresses with the lattice deformation in crystalline GST films.

关键词： thin film simulation x-ray diffraction (XRD)

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PAC-PLRU: A cache replacement policy to salvage discarded predictions from hardware prefetchers 11

PAC-PLRU: A cache replacement policy to salvage discarded pr...

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Proceedings of the 2011 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid computing

作者： Zhang, Ke Wang, Zhensong Chen, Yong Zhu, Huaiyu Sun, Xian-He Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Computer Science Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543956

Cache replacement policy plays an important role in guaranteeing the availability of cache blocks, reducing miss rates, and improving applications' overall performance. However, recent research efforts on improving replacement policies require either significant additional hardware or major modifications to the organization of the existing cache. In this study, we propose the PAC-PLRU cache replacement policy. PAC-PLRU not only utilizes but also judiciously salvages the prediction information discarded from a widely-adopted stride prefetcher. The main idea behind PAC-PLRU is utilizing the prediction results generated by the existing stride prefetcher and preventing these predicted cache blocks from being replaced in the near future. Experimental results show that leveraging the PAC-PLRU with a stride prefetcher reduces the average L2 cache miss rate by 91 over a baseline system with only PLRU policy, and by 22 over a system using PLRU with an unconnected stride prefetcher. Most importantly, PAC-PLRU only requires minor modifications to existing cache architecture to get these benefits. The proposed PAC-PLRU policy is promising in fostering the connection between prefetching and replacement policies, and have a lasting impact on improving the overall cache performance. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： computer architecture

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Implementation of an RFID-based biological sample identification and tracking system

Implementation of an RFID-based biological sample identifica...

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2011 2nd IEEE RFID Technologies and Applications Conference, RFID-TA 2011, Collocated with the 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Millimeter Wave Integration Technologies, IMWS 2011

作者： Zarabzadeh, Atieh Hayati, Farzad Watson, R. William G. Bradley, Geoff Grimson, Jane Centre for Health Informatics Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Ireland Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Birmingham United Kingdom UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research University College Dublin Ireland Trinity Centre for High Performance Computing Trinity College Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781457700279

Collection, processing, storage and maintenance of samples to facilitate long-term cohort studies in biobanks, requires a system to manage samples in an effective way to prevent sample mix up and loss. Sample identification and tracking system aims to reserve data on the samples at all the times, hence RFID technology is employed. This technology allows information to be stored on the tags attached to tubes containing samples. A system is proposed, designed and prototype in the Prostate Cancer Research Consortium biobank. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)

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Mapping the underworld: A step-change in the approach to utility location and designation

Mapping the underworld: A step-change in the approach to uti...

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International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology 2011: Sustainable Solutions for Water, Sewer, Gas, and Oil Pipelines, ICPTT 2011

作者： Royal, A.C.D. Rogers, C.D.F. Atkins, P.R. Chapman, D.N. Chen, H. Cohn, A.G. Foo, K.Y. Goddard, K. Hayes, R. Hao, T. Lewin, P.L. Metje, N. Muggleton, J.M. Naji, A. Orlando, G. Pennock, S.R. Redfern, M.A. Saul, A.J. Swingler, S.G. Wang, P. School of Civil Engineering University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computing University of Leeds United Kingdom School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton United Kingdom Institute of Sound and Vibration Research University of Southampton United Kingdom Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Bath United Kingdom Department of Civil and Structural Engineering University of Sheffield United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780784412022

Trenchless technologies (TT), unlike open cut trenching, offer the potential to install, maintain and refurbish buried utilities without the need to close long stretches of carriageway. Recent studies indicate that carbon emissions associated with trenchless installations are far smaller, and trenchless installations are more sustainable, than trenching. Yet utility companies, and their contractors, routinely shun trenchless technologies due to the perceived risk of damaging previously undetected third party assets. Mapping the Underworld (MTU) seeks to create a multi-sensor tool, and a new philosophical approach to underground mapping, to mitigate such risks and facilitate the routine adoption of TT. The novel approach is now being developed through the proof of concept stage towards field trials and the results of these proving trials form the basis of this paper. Moreover such street works, like all construction, repair, renewal and maintenance projects, must be reviewed in terms of a sustainability assessment framework to explore their real costs and benefits to the society on behalf of which, as ultimate 'users' of the facilities, the works are being carried out. This paper seeks to integrate the findings of a highly multi-disciplinary technology-based project with a wider research programme on the context of effective and efficient working in the streets. The lessons drawn from this programme of research extend to all aspects of pipeline engineering. © 2011 ASCE.

关键词： Trenching

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A Web Based Tool for Storing and Visualising data Generated within a Smart Home

A Web Based Tool for Storing and Visualising Data Generated ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： H. A. McDonald C. D. Nugent G. Moore D. D. Finlay J. Hallberg Computer Science Research Institute and the School of Computing and Mathematics University of Ulster School of Computing and Mathematics University of Ulster Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Lulea University of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

There is a growing need to re-assess the current approaches available to researchers for storing and managing heterogeneous data generated within a smart home environment. In our current work we have developed the homeML Application;a web based tool to support researchers engaged in the area of smart home research as they perform experiments. Within this paper the homeML Application is presented which includes the fundamental components of the homeML Repository and the homeML Toolkit. Results from a usability study conducted by 10 computer science researchers are presented;the initial results of which have been positive.

关键词： Smart homes Educational institutions Usability XML Conferences Software tools

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High-quality visualization for geographically distributed 3-D teleimmersive applications

High-quality visualization for geographically distributed 3-...

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作者： Vasudevan, Ramanarayan Kurillo, Gregorij Lobaton, Edgar Bernardin, Tony Kreylos, Oliver Bajcsy, Ruzena Nahrstedt, Klara Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA 94720 United States Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 United States Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States

The growing popularity of 3-D movies has led to the rapid development of numerous affordable consumer 3-D displays. In contrast, the development of technology to generate 3-D content has lagged behind considerably. In spite of significant improvements to the quality of imaging devices, the accuracy of the algorithms that generate 3-D data, and the hardware available to render such data, the algorithms available to calibrate, reconstruct, and then visualize such data remain difficult to use, extremely noise sensitive, and unreasonably slow. In this paper, we present a multi-camera system that creates a highly accurate (on the order of a centimeter), 3-D reconstruction of an environment in real-time (under 30 ms) that allows for remote interaction between users. This paper focuses on addressing the aforementioned deficiencies by describing algorithms to calibrate, reconstruct, and render objects in the system. We demonstrate the accuracy and speed of our results on a variety of benchmarks and data collected from our own system. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Investigations of High Endurance Asymmetric Phase Change Random Access Memory

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1072卷 1-6页

作者： Hock Koon Lee Luping Shi Rong Zhao Hongxin Yang Kian Guan Lim Jianming LI Tow Chong Chong Optical Materials & Systems Division Data Storage Institute A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore Electrical & Computing Engineering Department National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Asymmetric PCRAM structure with the upper contact opening at an offset to the bottom contact opening allowed us to improve the thermal distribution within the phase change layer and lower the reset current to 50% that of a conventional symmetrical structure. In terms of endurance, asymmetric cell lasted for 1.1 × 108 cycles which is at least 10X higher than the conventional symmetrical cell. These results were based on Ge2Sb2Te5 as the phase change material. In this paper, we used nitrogen doped Ge2Sb2Te5 [1] instead and the thickness of this phase change layer was 100 nm. During the sputtering of Ge2Sb2Te5, the Argon gas flow rate was fixed at 15 sccm while nitrogen flow rates of 0, 3, 4.5 and 6 sccm were introduced each time. Thus N2/Ar gas ratio of 0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 were obtained respectively. After fabrication, the cell endurance of Asymmetric PCRAM cells incorporating Ge2Sb2Te5 doped with varying concentrations of nitrogen was tested. During testing, the PCRAM was repeatedly Reset/Set and the resistances of the two states were recorded at every 100k cycles. The cell was considered to be functioning well when its Reset/Set resistance ratio was greater than 10. From experiments, N-doped asymmetric cell with N2/Ar gas ratio of 0.2 lasted 2.4 × 1010 cycles which is 1000 times that of a conventional symmetrical PCRAM cells. The N2 doping concentration was also shown to be optimized when the N2/Ar gas ratio was fixed at 0.2. Higher doping concentrations with N2/Ar gas ratio of 0.3 and 0.4 decreased the cell endurance to 8.8 × 108 and 7.6 × 108 cycles respectively. Excessive doped nitrogen atoms might have degraded the phase change material, causing breakdown to occur sooner. N-doped conventional symmetrical PCRAM was also fabricated and its overwrite cycles were measured only up to 1.2 × 109. With better thermal confinement, asymmetric PCRAM has proved to be better in endurance too. The above results were based on asymmetric PCRAM cells with 1 µm offset. [1] H. Hor

关键词： memory storage dopant

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Selection of Spatiotemporal Features in Breast MRI to Differentiate between Malignant and Benign Small Lesions Using computer-Aided Diagnosis

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Advances in Artificial Neural Systems 2012年第1期2012卷

作者： F. Steinbruecker A. Meyer-Baese C. Plant T. Schlossbauer U. Meyer-Baese Department of Computer Science Technical University of Munich 8574 Garching Germanytum.de Department of Scientific Computing Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4120 USAfsu.edu Institute for Clinical Radiology University of Munich 81377 Munich Germanyuni-muenchen.de Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering FAMU/FSU College of Engineering Tallahassee FL 32310-6046 USAfsu.edu

Automated detection and diagnosis of small lesions in breast MRI represents a challenge for the traditional computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. The goal of the present research was to compare and determine the optimal feature sets describing the morphology and the enhancement kinetic features for a set of small lesions and to determine their diagnostic performance. For each of the small lesions, we extracted morphological and dynamical features describing both global and local shape, and kinetics behavior. In this paper, we compare the performance of each extracted feature set for the differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions in breast MRI. Based on several simulation results, we determined the optimal feature number and tested different classification techniques. The results suggest that the computerized analysis system based on spatiotemporal features has the potential to increase the diagnostic accuracy of MRI mammography for small lesions and can be used as a basis for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer with MR mammography.

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments: Preface

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments 2011年第1期3卷 1-2页

作者： Augusto, Juan Carlos Aghajan, Hamid School of Computing and Mathematics Computer Science Research Institute University of Ulster United Kingdom Lab. Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University United States

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