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2024 IEEE International Conference on computing, ICOCO 2024

作者： Mansor, Mahayaudin M. Ibrahim, Nurain Radi, Noor Fadhilah Ahmad Rahim, Nadirah Abdul Yahaya, Syarul Heiry Bakar, Mohd Aftar Abu Zakaria, Roslinazairimah School of Mathematical Sciences College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia Institute of Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kuliyyah of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Department of Science Computer and Mathematics Universiti Teknologi MARA Penang Campus Malaysia Department of Mathematical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Centre for Mathematical Sciences Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530303

As artificial intelligence (AI) advances, it is essential to continuously comprehend its limitations to optimise the integration of AI into autonomous systems that empower humans. The first objective of this study is to highlight the key capabilities of both humans and AI, focusing on the differences and identifying limitations of AI from the literature. Through discrepancy analysis, this study uses a Venn diagram to visualise the remaining limitations of AI into five key domains: (i) emotional intelligence, (ii) consciousness and awareness, (iii) creative imagination, (iv) communication, and (v) ethical decision-making. Furthermore, this study employs thematic bibliometric analysis to provide a more detailed examination of each AI limitation as the second objective. This study has identified underdeveloped and emerging research themes with potential for future development, such as emotion recognition, human-computer interaction, digital health, and situational awareness, which may require further research. Additionally, this study commends the ongoing efforts to harness AI’s computational power and algorithmic innovations to enhance AI’s overall performance and applicability. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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Enhancing Jailbreak Attacks via Compliance-Refusal-Based Initialization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Levi, Amit Himelstein, Rom Nemcovsky, Yaniv Mendelson, Avi Baskin, Chaim Department of Computer Science Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Department of Data and Decision Science Technion - Israel Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of The Negev

Jailbreak attacks aim to exploit large language models (LLMs) and pose a significant threat to their proper conduct;they seek to bypass models’ safeguards and often provoke transgressive behaviors. However, existing automatic jailbreak attacks require extensive computational resources and are prone to converge on suboptimal solutions. In this work, we propose Compliance Refusal Initialization (CRI), a novel, attack-agnostic framework that efficiently initializes the optimization in the proximity of the compliance subspace of harmful prompts. By narrowing the initial gap to the adversarial objective, CRI substantially improves adversarial success rates (ASR) and drastically reduces computational overhead—often requiring just a single optimization step. We evaluate CRI on the widely-used AdvBench dataset over the standard jailbreak attacks of GCG and AutoDAN. Results show that CRI boosts ASR and decreases the median steps to success by up to ×60. The project page, along with the reference implementation, is publicly available at . © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Crime

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Transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots

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Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems 2024年第1期4卷 19-23页

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Xu, Minxian Patros, Panos Wu, Huaming Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Kamalpreet Fuller, Stephanie Singh, Manmeet Arora, Priyansh Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Stankovski, Vlado Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Lutfiyya, Hanan Kanhere, Salil S. Bahsoon, Rami Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Sakellariou, Rizos Uhlig, Steve Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Science Kings Education London United Kingdom Cymax Group Technologies BC Canada QM Academy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Microsoft Hyderabad India Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Faculty of Computing and Data Science FLAME University Maharashtra Pune India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Sydney Australia School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, offers coherent and useful replies based on analysis of large volumes of data. In this article, leading academics, scientists, distinguish researchers and engineers discuss the transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education. This research discusses ChatGPT capabilities and its use in the education sector, identifies potential concerns and challenges. Our preliminary evaluation shows that ChatGPT perform differently in different subject areas including finance, coding, maths, and general public queries. While ChatGPT has the ability to help educators by creating instructional content, offering suggestions and acting as an online educator to learners by answering questions, transforming education through smartphones and IoT gadgets, and promoting group work, there are clear drawbacks in its use, such as the possibility of producing inaccurate or false data and circumventing duplicate content (plagiarism) detectors where originality is essential. The often reported "hallucinations" within GenerativeAI in general, and also relevant for ChatGPT, can render its use of limited benefit where accuracy is essential. What ChatGPT lacks is a stochastic measure to help provide sincere and sensitive communication with its users. Academic regulations and evaluation practices used in educational institutions need to be updated, should ChatGPT be used as a tool in education. To address the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the learning environment, educating teachers and students alike about its capabilities and limitations will be crucial. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Machine learning

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FedCal: Achieving Local and Global Calibration in Federated Learning via Aggregated Parameterized Scaler

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Peng, Hongyi Yu, Han Tang, Xiaoli Li, Xiaoxiao College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Vector Institute Canada

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative machine learning across distributed data owners. However, this approach poses a significant challenge for model calibration due to data heterogeneity. While prior work focused on improving accuracy for non-iid data, calibration remains under-explored. This study reveals existing FL aggregation approaches lead to sub-optimal calibration, and theoretical analysis shows despite constraining variance in clients’ label distributions, global calibration error is still asymptotically lower bounded. To address this, we propose a novel Federated Calibration (FedCal) approach, emphasizing both local and global calibration. It leverages client-specific scalers for local calibration to effectively correct output misalignment without sacrificing prediction accuracy. These scalers are then aggregated via weight averaging to generate a global scaler, minimizing the global calibration error. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FedCal significantly outperforms the best-performing baseline, reducing global calibration error by 47.66% on average. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Errors

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Multi-View Graph Embedding Learning for Image Co-Segmentation and Co-Localization

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2024年第6期34卷 4942-4956页

作者： Huang, Aiping Li, Lijian Zhang, Le Niu, Yuzhen Zhao, Tiesong Lin, Chia-Wen Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou350108 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou350108 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Communication Engineering Chengdu611731 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering The Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Fuzhou350108 China Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

Image co-segmentation and co-localization exploit inter-image information to identify and extract foreground objects with a batch mode. However, they remain challenging when confronted with large object variations or complex backgrounds. This paper proposes a multi-view graph embedding (MV-Gem) learning scheme which integrates diversity, robustness and discernibility of object features to alleviate this phenomenon. To encourage the diversity, the deep co-information containing both low-layer general representations and high-layer semantic information is generated to form a multi-view feature pool for comprehensive co-object description. To enhance the robustness, a multi-view adaptive weighted learning is formulated to fuse the deep co-information for feature complementation. To ensure the discernibility, the graph embedding and sparse constraint are embedded into the fusion formulation for feature selection. The former aims to inherit important structures from multiple views, and the latter further selects important features to restrain irrelevant backgrounds. With these techniques, MV-Gem gradually recovers all co-objects through optimization iterations. Extensive experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that MV-Gem is capable of locating and delineating co-objects in an image group. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Mechanism of Threshold Voltage Instability in Double Gate α-IGZO Nanosheet TFT under Bias and Temperature Stress

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IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society 2024年 12卷 464-471页

作者： Aslam, Muhammad Chang, Shu-Wei Chen, Yi-Ho Lee, Yao-Jen Li, Yiming Lee, Wen-Hsi Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan City701401 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation Industry Academic Innovation School National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Communications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO)-based thin film transistors (TFTs) are increasingly becoming popular because of their potential in futuristic applications, including CMOS technology. Given the demand for CMOS-compatible, ultra-scaled, reliable, and high-performing devices, we fabricate and analyze scaled-channel a-IGZO-TFTs with an optimal double-gate structure, a thin nanosheet-based channel, and an effective high- κ dielectric namely HfO2. The reliably reported double gate IGZO nanosheet TFTs (DG-IGZO-NS-TFTs) are tested under positive and negative bias stress at variant temperatures, and the resulting modulations are analyzed critically. The reported DG-IGZO-NSTFTs exhibit a negative side threshold voltage shift (Δ Vth) accompanied by an increase in Ion/Ion(0) under negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) at elevated temperatures, which indicates the presence of additional charges. An anomalous negative side shifting of the Vth is observed under positive bias temperature stress (PBTS), where diffused hydrogen atoms are identified as introducing excess n-type carriers into the channel and causing the observed Δ Vth. The spectroscopic analysis is performed to establish evidence for the assumed mechanisms, and the role of individual gates is investigated in the context of performance variance under temperature-bias stress. Moreover, the partial reversibility of the stress-induced degradation is experimentally established and methodically discussed. Overall, the reported results offer a comprehensive understanding of scaled-channel DG-NS-IGZO-TFTs, which help shape performance-enhancement strategies, control degradation mechanisms, and define appropriate application scenarios. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Thin film transistors

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Design and Development of an IoT Based Smart Irrigation System to Enhance Agricultural Productivity Using ESP8266 Wi-Fi Enabled Controller 5

Design and Development of an IoT Based Smart Irrigation Syst...

引用

5th International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems, ICESC 2024

作者： Parashar, Vivek Singh, Megha Senthamarai, M. Poonkuzhali, P. Vadar, Parashuram Shankar Swapna, B. School of Computing Science and Engineering Vit Bhopal University Bhopal India Oriental University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indore India Nandha Engineering College Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Tamilnadu Erode India R.M.D. Engineering College Department of Ece Kavaraipettai India Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural Development Shivaji University Maharashtra Kolhapur India Dr Mgr Educational and Research Institute Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379945

Innovative solutions in many fields, including agriculture, have been made possible by the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Our goal in this research was to increase crop yields by developing a smart irrigation system that would use the IoT. An ESP8266 Wi-Fi-enabled controller serves as the center of the system, collecting data and making decisions all at once. Important parts include sensors for soil moisture, air temperature and humidity, light intensity, water level, a pump to move water, and the ability to connect to a cloud service for data storage and analysis. Water level, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light intensity are some of the environmental characteristics that must be continuously monitored in order for the system to function. The data is sent to the main controller in real-time by the sensors using Wi-Fi. Based on predefined thresholds and algorithms, the system dynamically adjusts irrigation schedules to optimize water usage and enhance crop growth. To evaluate the system's performance, sensor readings from multiple trials were analyzed. Results indicate that the system effectively maintains optimal environmental conditions for plant growth, leading to improved agricultural productivity. The integration with a cloud platform enables remote monitoring and control, facilitating efficient water resource management and decision-making for farmers. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Soil moisture

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An Extensive Study on Pretrained Models for Natural Language Processing Based on Transformers

An Extensive Study on Pretrained Models for Natural Language...

引用

2022 International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems, ICEARS 2022

作者： Ramprasath, M. Dhanasekaran, K. Karthick, T. Velumani, R. Sudhakaran, P. Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing TamilNadu Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Andhra Pradesh Madhrawada India Srm Trp Enginerring College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Trichy India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665484251

In recent years, Pretraining Language Models based on Transformers -Natural Language Processing (PLMT-NLP) have been highly successful in nearly every NLP task. In the beginning, Generative Pre-trained model-based Transformer, BERT- Bidirectional Encoder model Representations using Transformers was used to develop these models. Models constructed on transformers, Self-supervise knowledge acquiring, and transfer learning establish the foundation of these designs. Transformed-based pre-trained models acquire common linguistic illustrations from vast amounts of textual information through self-supervised model and apply this information to downstream tasks. To eliminate the need to retrain downstream models, these models provide a solid foundation of knowledge. In this paper, the enhanced learning on PLMT-NLP has been discussed. Initially, a quick introduction to self-supervised learning is presented, then diverse core concepts used in PLMT-NLP are explained. Furthermore, a list of relevant libraries for working with PLMT-NLP has been provided. Lastly, the paper discusses about the upcoming research directions that will further improve these models. Because of its thoroughness and relevance to current PLMT-NLP developments, this survey study will positively serve as a valuable resource for those seeking to understand both basic ideas and new developments better. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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AI-Optimized Placement and Routing for PCB Design 9

AI-Optimized Placement and Routing for PCB Design

引用

9th International Conference on science, Technology, engineering and Mathematics, ICONSTEM 2024

作者： Sathyaraj, P. Arulkumar, S. Ajina, A. Beshir, Kedir Umasankar, L. Arularasan, A.N. Rmk College of Engineering And Technology Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering Tamil Nadu Puduvoyal601206 India Wachemo University Department of Electrical And Computer Engineering Ethiopia M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Bangalore560054 India S.A. Engineering College Department of Electrical And Electronics Engineering Tamil Nadu Tiruvallur600077 India Panimalar Engineering College Department of Artificial Intelligence And Data Science Tamil Nadu Chennai600123 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365092

Rapid electronic device development requires more complicated and densely packed PCB designs. These systems need properly placed and connected electrical components for best performance and reliability. Complexity and time restrictions are rendering manual methods ineffective. Therefore, AI-based PCB insertion and routing automation methods have been developed. This research suggests using AI to optimize PCB component arrangement and routing. The system uses machine learning and optimization to improve design efficiency. The AI system creates layouts that match performance requirements, decrease signal interference, and meet manufacturing limits using previous design data and user preferences. A learning module that updates its knowledge base, an algorithm that chooses between design objectives, and real-time user input are examples. Signal integrity, thermal issues, and manufacturability are considered while modifying design requirements. Evaluation of the suggested methodology shows considerable gains in design efficiency, time-to-market, and electronic system performance. This research improves AI-automated PCB design, enabling more complex and effective electrical systems. AI in PCB design will revolutionize the industry by solving complicated design problems and speeding up the development of cutting-edge electronics. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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electrical Characteristic and Power Fluctuations of GAA Si NS CFETs by Simultaneously Considering Six Process Variation Factors

IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology

引用

IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology 2023年 4卷 229-238页

作者： Kola, Sekhar Reddy Li, Yiming National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Biomedical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Characteristic variability induced by process variation effect (PVE) is one of technological challenges in semiconductor industry. In this work, we computationally study electrical characteristic and power fluctuations induced by six factors of PVE of the gate-all-around (GAA) silicon (Si) nanosheet (NS) complementary field-effect-transistors (CFETs) which are formed by vertically stacking n-FET on top of p-FET. Among the six factors, NS thickness (TNS), NS width (WNS), and gate length (LG) are identified as crucial factors contributing to large variations in device characteristics. The p-FET exhibits substantial off-state current fluctuation (about 151%) due to the bottom parasitic channel leakages. Compared with the magnitudes of dynamic and short circuit powers, the static power is marginal, but it possesses the largest fluctuation (up to 148%). If we assume that each factor of PVE has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent, the statistical sum of their power fluctuations will exhibit more than 50% overestimations, compared with the results when all factors are considered simultaneously. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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