Free-electron radiation is a fundamental photon emission process that is induced by fast-moving electrons interacting with optical media. Historically, it has been understood that, just like any other photon emission ...
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BACKGROUND:Impulsivity in highly heritable attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been studied using neural activity via fMRI or genetic data, but rarely with multivariate methods linking both. We investi...
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BACKGROUND:Impulsivity in highly heritable attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been studied using neural activity via fMRI or genetic data, but rarely with multivariate methods linking both. We investigated coupled neural activity and gene expression signatures, using parallel independent component analysis (pICA) and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data.
METHODS:Children with ADHD (n = 394; 63% males) and healthy controls (n = 1,000; 47% males) of European ancestry were included. The subjects were randomly divided into 80% discovery and 20% replication datasets with demographic stratification. We analyzed neural activity and gene expressions from the discovery datasets using pICA and extracted paired independent components (pICs). The loading coefficients of the pICs were utilized to predict behavioral and cognitive data for stop signal task (SST) in replication datasets.
RESULTS:We identified three pICs estimated from gene expression in the cortex, cerebellum, and nucleus accumbens. Significant neural activity was mainly localized to the orbital/inferior/middle frontal gyri, rectal gyrus, precuneus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and cerebellum. Significant gene components were associated with immunoglobulin, taste receptor, and immunity-related terms and were overlapped with ADHD-related genes. The extracted fMRI-/Gene-ICs were significantly correlated with mean reaction time, stop signal reaction time of SST, and behavioral inhibition with a large boost in sensitivity when both the paired fMRI-/Gene-ICs and their interaction were used in a multimodal regression analysis.
CONCLUSION:We reported biologically plausible pairs of neural activity and gene sets using pICA, which were significantly associated with ADHD impulsivity-related behavioral and cognitive data.
Through digital imaging, microscopy has evolved from primarily being a means for visual observation of life at the micro- and nano-scale, to a quantitative tool with ever-increasing resolution and throughput. Artifici...
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Egocentric video has recently emerged as a potential solution for monitoring hand function in individuals living with tetraplegia in the community, especially for its ability to detect functional use in the home envir...
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Achieving ultrafast all-optical switching in a silicon waveguide geometry is a key milestone on the way to an integrated platform capable of handling the increasing demands for higher speed and higher capacity for inf...
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Recent advances in generative models, including large language models (LLMs), vision language models (VLMs), and diffusion models, have accelerated the field of natural language and image processing in medicine and ma...
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The release of ChatGPT in 2022 has catalyzed the adoption of large language models (LLMs) across diverse writing domains, including academic writing. However, this technological shift has raised critical questions reg...
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—Designing effective low-level robot controllers often entail platform-specific implementations that require manual heuristic parameter tuning, significant system knowledge, or long design times. With the rising numb...
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The complex vertical structures of 2.5D/3D integrated circuits present new challenges for the simulation, experimentation, and analysis of soft errors. Each added layer of circuitry in vertically integrated technologi...
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The complex vertical structures of 2.5D/3D integrated circuits present new challenges for the simulation, experimentation, and analysis of soft errors. Each added layer of circuitry in vertically integrated technologies increases the requirement for interconnect metallization. The proximity of these metal layers to sensitive regions may result in materials-dependent responses to radiation. Monte-Carlo simulations offer flexibility and utility in exploring the impact of geometry and material selection on the resulting radiation response characteristics in 3D IC structures. As the fabrication and experimentation of such technologies at this point follows no universal standard or guidelines, various configuration possibilities are advantageously thus considered in order to minimize cost and waste. Simulations indicate important differences in relative responses to radiation effects; in the discussed parametrizations, copper and cobalt interconnects behave similarly, while tungsten interconnects exhibit better properties than ruthenium.
Adversarial Attacks are still a significant challenge for neural networks. Recent efforts has shown that adversarial perturbations typically contain high-frequency features, but the root cause of this phenomenon remai...
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