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58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2020

作者： Zong, Shi Ritter, Alan Hovy, Eduard Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University Language Technologies Institute Carnegie Mellon University

ISBN: (纸本)9781952148255

People vary in their ability to make accurate predictions about the future. Prior studies have shown that some individuals can predict the outcome of future events with consistently better accuracy. This leads to a natural question: what makes some forecasters better than others? In this paper we explore connections between the language people use to describe their predictions and their forecasting skill. Datasets from two different forecasting domains are explored: (1) geopolitical forecasts from Good Judgment Open, an online prediction forum and (2) a corpus of company earnings forecasts made by financial analysts. We present a number of linguistic metrics which are computed over text associated with people's predictions about the future including: uncertainty, readability, and emotion. By studying linguistic factors associated with predictions, we are able to shed some light on the approach taken by skilled forecasters. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to accurately predict forecasting skill using a model that is based solely on language. This could potentially be useful for identifying accurate predictions or potentially skilled forecasters earlier. © 2020 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Forecasting

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Serious Games in Digital Gaming: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Game Engines and Advancements

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Gazis, Alexandros Katsiri, Eleftheria Democritus University of Thrace School of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Xanthi67100 Greece Institute for the Management of Information Systems Athena Research & Innovation Center in Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies Marousi15125 Greece

- Serious games are defined as applied games that focus on the gamification of an experience (e.g., learning and training activities) and are not strictly for entertainment purposes. In recent years, serious games have become increasingly popular due to their ability to simultaneously educate and entertain users. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different types of digital games and expand on the serious games genre while focusing on its various applications. Furthermore, we present the most widely used game engines used in the game development industry and extend the Unity game machine advantages. Lastly, we conclude our research with a detailed comparison of the two most popular choices (Unreal and Unity engines) and their respective advantages and disadvantages while providing future suggestions for serious digital game development. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Serious games

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CTC Alignments Improve Autoregressive Translation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Yan, Brian Dalmia, Siddharth Higuchi, Yosuke Neubig, Graham Metze, Florian Black, Alan W. Watanabe, Shinji Language Technologies Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States Department of Communications and Computer Engineering Waseda University Japan Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Johns Hopkins University United States

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) is a widely used approach for automatic speech recognition (ASR) that performs conditionally independent monotonic alignment. However for translation, CTC exhibits clear limitations due to the contextual and non-monotonic nature of the task and thus lags behind attentional decoder approaches in terms of translation quality. In this work, we argue that CTC does in fact make sense for translation if applied in a joint CTC/attention framework wherein CTC’s core properties can counteract several key weaknesses of pure-attention models during training and decoding. To validate this conjecture, we modify the Hybrid CTC/Attention model originally proposed for ASR to support text-to-text translation (MT) and speech-to-text translation (ST). Our proposed joint CTC/attention models outperform pure-attention baselines across six benchmark translation tasks. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decoding

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Quantum Dichotomies and Coherent Thermodynamics beyond First-Order Asymptotics

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PRX Quantum 2024年第2期5卷 020335-020335页

作者： Patryk Lipka-Bartosik Christopher T. Chubb Joseph M. Renes Marco Tomamichel Kamil Korzekwa Department of Applied Physics University of Geneva Geneva 1211 Switzerland Institute for Theoretical Physics ETH Zurich Zürich 8093 Switzerland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Republic of Singapore Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science Jagiellonian University Kraków 30-348 Poland

We address the problem of exact and approximate transformation of quantum dichotomies in the asymptotic regime, i.e., the existence of a quantum channel E mapping ρ1⊗n into ρ2⊗Rnn with an error ϵn (measured by trace distance) and σ1⊗n into σ2⊗Rnn exactly, for a large number n. We derive second-order asymptotic expressions for the optimal transformation rate Rn in the small-, moderate-, and large-deviation error regimes, as well as the zero-error regime, for an arbitrary pair (ρ1,σ1) of initial states and a commuting pair (ρ2,σ2) of final states. We also prove that for σ1 and σ2 given by thermal Gibbs states, the derived optimal transformation rates in the first three regimes can be attained by thermal operations. This allows us, for the first time, to study the second-order asymptotics of thermodynamic state interconversion with fully general initial states that may have coherence between different energy eigenspaces. Thus, we discuss the optimal performance of thermodynamic protocols with coherent inputs and describe three novel resonance phenomena allowing one to significantly reduce transformation errors induced by finite-size effects. What is more, our result on quantum dichotomies can also be used to obtain, up to second-order asymptotic terms, optimal conversion rates between pure bipartite entangled states under local operations and classical communication.

关键词： Information thermodynamics Mathematical physics Nonequilibrium & irreversible thermodynamics Quantum coherence & coherence measures Quantum information processing Quantum information theory Quantum thermodynamics Thermodynamics Statistical methods

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Fully passive measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

引用

Physical Review Applied 2024年第6期21卷 064056-064056页

作者： Jinjie Li Wenyuan Wang Hoi-Kwong Lo Department of Physics HK Institute of Quantum Science & Technology Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC) Dept. of Physics Quantum Bridge Technologies Inc. 100 College Street Toronto ON M5G 1L5 Canada

A recently proposed fully passive quantum key distribution (QKD) removes all source modulator side channels. In this work, we combine fully passive sources with measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD to simultaneously remove side channels from source modulators and detectors. We show a numerical simulation of passive MDI QKD, and we obtain an acceptable key rate while achieving much better implementation security, as well as ease of implementation, compared with a recently proposed fully passive twin-field QKD, paving the way towards more secure and practical QKD systems. We prove that a fully passive protocol is compatible with MDI QKD and we propose a novel idea that can improve the sifting efficiency.

关键词： Optical quantum information processing Photonics Quantum communication, protocols & technology Quantum cryptography

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Advanced Technique for EEG and HRV Measurement Using Around-Ear Capacitive Electrodes

Advanced Technique for EEG and HRV Measurement Using Around-...

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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Usman Qamar Shaikh Anubha Manju Kalra Andrew Lowe Imran Khan Niazi Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences Institute of Biomedical Technologies Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand Centre for Chiropractic Research New Zealand College of Chiropractic Auckland New Zealand Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (数字)9798331530143

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530150

Long-term electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring requires devices that are unobtrusive, comfortable, and user-friendly. Capacitive electrodes, unlike gel or dry electrodes, do not require direct galvanic skin contact, making them ideal for extended use. This paper investigates the efficacy of capacitive electrodes for recording four biopotential channels from around-ear areas. A printed circuit board was developed and assessed through an alpha-block experiment. The posterior-ear capacitive EEG achieved a statistically significant power gain (APSD) of 2.77 dB in the alpha band and 5.84 dB at 10 Hz. Additionally, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.9 milliseconds was observed between heart rate variability (HRV) measurements from a capacitive superior-ear electrode and shoulder ECG. These results indicate that around-ear capacitive electrodes are suitable for multimodal biopotential applications, offering a promising solution for long-term EEG monitoring.

关键词： Electrodes Measurement uncertainty Printed circuits Electrocardiography Electroencephalography Skin Recording Heart rate variability Monitoring Gain

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RIS as a Network Resource: User Multiplexing and Pricing Algorithms

RIS as a Network Resource: User Multiplexing and Pricing Alg...

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6G Networking (6GNet), International Conference on

作者： Alexandros Papadopoulos Antonios Lalas Konstantinos Votis Stefan Schmid Kostas Katsalis Christos Liaskos Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Information Technologies Institute CERTH Thessaloniki Greece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece TU Berlin and Fraunhofer SIT Berlin Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece DOCOMO Communications Laboratory GmbH Munich Germany FORTH Ioannina Greece

ISBN: (数字)9798350378597

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378603

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have the ability to actively control wave propagation through space, enabling the creation of Programmable Wireless Environments (PWEs). This capability allows for the uti-lization and control of previously unexploited resources. However, there is a notable gap in allocating these resources to network users in a way that aligns with the pricing policies of telecommunications stakeholders. This paper considers RIS elements as network resources and describes a pricing policy that links the PWE efficiency of individual users to an optimal method for sharing RIS elements. A specialized policy tailored to this purpose, is designed with a focus on robustness, ensuring its applicability across various RIS functionalities and frequency bands. Its computational efficiency further underscores its viability for deployment in practical scenarios.

关键词： 6G mobile communication Wireless communication Propagation Pricing Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Robustness Telecommunications Computational efficiency Stakeholders Frequency division multiplexing

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One-Shot Distributed Source Simulation: As Quantum as it Can Get

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： George, Ian Hsieh, Min-Hsiu Chitambar, Eric Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Research Institute Taipei Taiwan

Distributed source simulation is the task where two (or more) parties share some correlated randomness and use local operations and no communication to convert this into some target correlation. Wyner’s seminal result showed that asymptotically the rate of uniform shared randomness needed for this task is given by a mutual information induced measure, now referred to as Wyner’s common information. This asymptotic result was extended by Hayashi in the quantum setting to separable states, the largest class of states for which this task can be performed to vanishing error. In this work we characterize this task in a near-tight manner in the one-shot setting using the smooth entropy framework. We do this by introducing one-shot operational quantities and correlation measures that characterize them. We establish asymptotic equipartition properties for our correlation measures thereby recovering the previous vanishing-error asymptotic results. In doing so, we consider technical points in one-shot network information theory and provide methods for cardinality bounds in the smooth entropy calculus. We also introduce entangled state versions of the distributed source simulation task and determine bounds in this setting via quantum embezzling. This provides a strong characterization of this network task in the one-shot, quantum regime. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Object Acquizition of Stationary and Moving Targets

Object Acquizition of Stationary and Moving Targets

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International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio engineering, Telecommunications and computer Science

作者： Myroslav Riabyi Sergey Edward Lyshevski Roman Odarchenko Faculty of Computer Sciences and Technologies National Aviation University Kyiv Ukraine Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA Faculty of Air Navigation Electronics and Telecommunications National Aviation University Kyiv Ukraine

ISBN: (数字)9798331520564

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520571

This paper studies near real time obj ect acquisition by means of detection, identification and engagement on stationary, moving and maneuvering targets in the air and land domains. Using the streamed videos from monochrome and color cameras, a machine vision concept accomplishes object detection by recognizing the object-specific edges and shapes which yield unique geometric features. Object recognition with descriptive identification at reasonable accuracy is performed using the Jaccard index. The region proposal detectors with the intersection over union is implemented by a convolutional neural network. The machine learning models, implemented by the low power system-on-module, were trained. These machine learning algorithms and models support feature detection and matching, localization, and, three-dimensional spatiotemporal reconstruction. The two-and three-dimensional geometry with object and background contrast and color mappings are considered. Subsequent tracking and locking on maneuverable targets is performed using spatio-temporal three-dimensional analytics. The airborne machine acquisition module with trained models is demonstrated. A concept suits monochrome, color and thermal analog and digital cameras. Experiments in typified operational environments demonstrate acceptable accuracy, convergence, low latency and near real-time capabilities for different object categories and classes within developed custom datasets.

关键词： Accuracy Target tracking Atmospheric modeling Color Machine learning Real-time systems Thermal analysis Telecommunications Object recognition Videos

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A 23.9 ppm/°C Bandgap Reference Circuit with Wide Temperature Range Using Subthreshold PVT Detector

A 23.9 ppm/°C Bandgap Reference Circuit with Wide Temperatu...

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IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems

作者： Tzung-Je Lee Ruei-Chi Lai Aleksandr Vasjanov Vaidotas Barzdėnas Institute of Integrated Circuit Design National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Communications Technologies Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Vilnius Lithuania

ISBN: (数字)9798350378771

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378788

This paper proposes an integrated calibration method to improve the TC (Temperature Coefficient) performance of the bandgap reference circuit. By using the proposed subthreshold PVT Detector, the 13 digital control signals are generated to calibrate the resistance of the bandgap reference circuit, achieving the low TC performance at all PVT corners. Besides, the stacked transistors operated in subthreshold region are employed in the proposed PVT Detector, such that the power consumption is reduced. The proposed design is implemented with TSMC $0.18 \mu \mathrm{~m}$ BCD process. The core area is $238.81 \times$ $231.8 \mu \mathrm{~m}^{2}$. The simulated output reference voltage is 800 mV with TC of $23.9 \mathrm{ppm} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ from $-40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $125^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The improvement of TC is 115.1% after the PVT compensation.

关键词： Resistors Resistance Digital control Low voltage Temperature distribution Power demand Photonic band gap Circuits and systems Detectors Transistors

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