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Microstructure evolution and local strengthening mechanisms in CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy joints reinforced with Inconel 625

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materials science and engineering: A 2025年 937卷

作者： Shen, Jiajia Yang, Jin Choi, Yeon Taek Gonçalves, Rita Pedro, Rodrigo Santana, D.A. Coury, F.G. Schell, N. Zeng, Zhi Kim, Hyoung Seop Oliveira, J.P. UNIDEMI Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering NOVA School of Science and Technology Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Caparica2829-516 Portugal CENIMAT/I3N Department of Materials Science NOVA School of Science and Technology Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Caparica2829-516 Portugal School of Materials Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai201620 China Pohang790-794 Korea Republic of Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of São Carlos Rodovia Washington Luís km 235 SP-310 São Carlos São Paulo13565-905 Brazil Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Materials Physics Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht21502 Germany School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China

In the fusion-based welding processes, filler materials are commonly used to adjust and improve the composition of the fusion zone with the aim of optimizing both microstructure and mechanical properties. However, in the field of welding high entropy alloys, the influence of different filler materials on the microstructure and mechanical response is still scarce, owing to the yet incipient usage of welding technologies for these novel, advanced engineering alloys. To bridge this knowledge gap, Inconel 625 filler wire was used during gas metal arc welding of the well-known CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy. To systematically analyze the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the welded joints, multiscale characterization techniques were employed. It is shown that the different regions of the welded joint possess distinct microstructural features due to the weld thermal cycle, which is further compounded in the fusion zone by the introduction of the filler material. The use of Inconel 625 filler promotes a solid solution strengthening effect in the fusion zone and became the main contributor to the yield strength of this region (302 MPa (via solid solution strengthening) vs 478 MPa (yield stress from tensile experiments). Since Hall-Petch strengthening is predominant in both base material and heat affected zone, but not on the fusion zone due to the large grain structure that developed, the addition of Inconel 625 filler demonstrates to be a feasible approach to increase the typically low fusion zone strength. By coupling microstructural characterization with mechanical property analysis, aided by the calculation of the strengthening mechanisms, we unveil processing, microstructure, property relationships, providing a broader basis for the widespread application of gas metal arc welding for high entropy alloys. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Tensile testing

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Weyl Semimetals: from Principles, materials to Applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhong, Mengyuan Vu, Nam Thanh Trung Zhai, Wenhao Soh, Jian Rui Liu, Yuanda Wu, Jing Suwardi, Ady Liu, Huajun Chang, Guoqing Loh, Kian Ping Gao, Weibo Qiu, Cheng-Wei Yang, Joel K.W. Dong, Zhaogang 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-03 Singapore138634 Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 117575 Singapore 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-03 Singapore138634 Singapore School of Electronic Science & Engineering Southeast University Nanjing211189 China Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Sha Tin New Territories Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore117543 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore117576 Singapore Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore

Weyl semimetals have attracted significant interest in condensed matter physics and materials science, due to their unique electronic and topological properties. These characteristics not only deepen our understanding of fundamental quantum phenomena, but also make Weyl semimetals promising candidates for advanced applications in electronics, photonics, and spintronics. This review provides a systematic overview of the field, covering theoretical foundations, material synthesis, engineering strategies, and emerging device applications. We first outline the key theoretical principles and distinctive properties of Weyl semimetals, followed by an examination of recent advancements that enhance their functional versatility. Finally, we discuss the critical challenges hindering their practical implementation and explore future development directions, along with the potential for expanding and enhancing their existing range of applications. By integrating discussions of both opportunities and obstacles, this review offers a balanced perspective on current progress and future directions in Weyl semimetal research. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Quantum interference phenomena

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A Conceptual Exploration of Generative AI-Induced Cognitive Dissonance and its Emergence in University-Level Academic Writing

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Seran, Carl Errol Tan, Myles Joshua Toledo Karim, Hezerul Abdul AlDahoul, Nouar Biology Program College of Arts and Sciences University of St. La Salle Bacolod Philippines Department of Natural Sciences College of Arts and Sciences University of St. La Salle Bacolod Philippines Faculty of Education University of the Philippines Open University Los Baños Philippines Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health and Health Professions College of Medicine University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of St. La Salle Bacolod Philippines Department of Electronics Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of St. La Salle Bacolod Philippines Yo-Vivo Corporation Bacolod Philippines Faculty of Engineering Multimedia University Persiaran Multimedia Cyberjaya Malaysia Department of Computer Science Division of Science New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) intouniversity-level academic writing presents both opportunities and challenges,particularly in relation to cognitive dissonance (CD). This work explores howGenAI serves as both a trigger and amplifier of CD, as students navigateethical concerns, academic integrity, and self-efficacy in their writingpractices. By synthesizing empirical evidence and theoretical insights, weintroduce a hypothetical construct of GenAI-induced CD, illustrating thepsychological tension between AI-driven efficiency and the principles oforiginality, effort, and intellectual ownership. We further discuss strategiesto mitigate this dissonance, including reflective pedagogy, AI literacyprograms, transparency in GenAI use, and discipline-specific task *** approaches reinforce critical engagement with AI, fostering a balancedperspective that integrates technological advancements while safeguarding humancreativity and learning. Our findings contribute to ongoing discussions on AIin education, self-regulated learning, and ethical AI use, offering aconceptual framework for institutions to develop guidelines that align AIadoption with academic values. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Large Language Models for Traffic and Transportation Research: Methodologies, State of the Art, and Future Opportunities

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yan, Yimo Liao, Yejia Xu, Guanhao Yao, Ruili Fan, Huiying Sun, Jingran Wang, Xia Sprinkle, Jonathan An, Ziyan Ma, Meiyi Cheng, Xi Liu, Tong Ke, Zemian Zou, Bo Barth, Matthew Kuo, Yong-Hong Department of Data and Systems Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Civil Materials and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois ChicagoIL United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of California RiversideCA United States Buildings and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory TN United States University of California RiversideCA United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology GA United States University of Texas AustinTX United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University TN United States Cornell University NY United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States Google Inc. CA United States

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) is transforming traffic and transportation research, with significant advancements emerging between the years 2023 and 2025 – a period marked by the inception and swift growth of adopting and adapting LLMs for various traffic and transportation applications. However, despite these significant advancements, a systematic review and synthesis of the existing studies remain lacking. To address this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the methodologies and applications of LLMs in traffic and transportation, highlighting their ability to process unstructured textual data to advance transportation research. We explore key applications, including autonomous driving, travel behavior prediction, and general transportation-related queries, alongside methodologies such as zero- or few-shot learning, prompt engineering, and fine-tuning. Our analysis identifies critical research gaps. From the methodological perspective, many research gaps can be addressed by integrating LLMs with existing tools and refining LLM architectures. From the application perspective, we identify numerous opportunities for LLMs to tackle a variety of traffic and transportation challenges, building upon existing research. By synthesizing these findings, this review not only clarifies the current state of LLM adoption and adaptation in traffic and transportation but also proposes future research directions, paving the way for smarter and more sustainable transportation systems. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

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Hybridization of colloidal handlebodies with singular defects and topological solitons in chiral liquid crystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lee, Jun-Yong Kumari, Asha Yuan, Ye Tasinkevych, Mykola Smalyukh, Ivan I. International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Physics and Mathematics School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Topology can manifest itself in colloids when quantified by invariants like Euler characteristics of nonzero-genus colloidal surfaces, albeit spherical colloidal particles are most often studied, and colloidal particles with complex topology are rarely considered. On the other hand, singular defects and topological solitons often define the physical behavior of the molecular alignment director fields in liquid crystals. Interestingly, nematic liquid crystalline dispersions of colloidal particles allow for probing the interplay between topologies of surfaces and fields, but only a limited number of such cases have been explored so far. Here, we study the hybridization of topological solitons, singular defects, and topologically nontrivial colloidal particles with the genus of surfaces different from zero in a chiral nematic liquid crystal phase. Hybridization occurs when distortions separately induced by colloidal particles and LC solitons overlap, leading to energy minimization-driven redistribution of director field deformations and defects. As a result, hybrid director configurations emerge, combining topological features from both components. We uncover a host of director field configurations complying with topological theorems, which can be controlled by applying electric fields. Rotational and translational dynamics arise due to the nonreciprocal evolution of the director fields in response to alternating electric fields of different frequencies. These findings help define a platform for controlling topologically hyper-complex colloidal structures and dynamics with electrically reconfigurable singular defects and topological solitons induced by colloidal handlebodies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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Modular HfOx-RRAM for On-Demand Micromodular Electronics

IEEE Electron Device Letters

引用

IEEE Electron Device Letters 2025年

作者： Kurup, Siddharth Bhattacharya, Swagat Banner, Rebecca K. Yue, Kaifan Ayyappan, Praveen Raj Aziz, Daniel Elly, Hubert N. Barton, Kira L. Hasler, Jennifer Filler, Michael A. Vogel, Eric M. Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States Georgia Institute of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States University of Michigan Department of Robotics Ann ArborMI48109 United States Georgia Institute of Technology School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States University of Michigan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Micromodular metal-HfOx-metal resistive random-access memories (RRAM) were fabricated, transferred to foreign substrates, and contacted using high-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing. The modular RRAM exhibited bipolar switching at low operating voltages and multi-level analog resistance states programmable using variable amplitude voltage pulses. These variable resistance RRAMs were also integrated with an amplifier and a bandpass filter to modulate their gain and corner frequencies. This work enables integration of high-quality RRAM devices in modular circuits and paves the way for microscale heterogeneous integration at the device level. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： RRAM

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Automated image segmentation for accelerated nanoparticle characterization

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Day, Alexandra L. Wahl, Carolin B. dos Reis, Roberto Liao, Wei-Keng Li, Youjia Kilic, Muhammed Nur Talha Mirkin, Chad A. Dravid, Vinayak P. Choudhary, Alok Agrawal, Ankit Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States The NUANCE Center Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Department of Computer Science Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States

Recent developments in materials science have made it possible to synthesize millions of individual nanoparticles on a chip. However, many steps in the characterization process still require extensive human input. To address this challenge, we present an automated image processing pipeline that optimizes high-throughput nanoparticle characterization using intelligent image segmentation and coordinate generation. The proposed method can rapidly analyze each image and return optimized acquisition coordinates suitable for multiple analytical STEM techniques, including 4D-STEM, EELS, and EDS. The pipeline employs computer vision and unsupervised learning to remove the image background, segment the particle into areas of interest, and generate acquisition coordinates. This approach eliminates the need for uniform grid sampling, focusing data collection on regions of interest. We validated our approach using a diverse dataset of over 900 high-resolution grayscale nanoparticle images, achieving a 96.0% success rate based on expert-validated criteria. Using established 4D-STEM acquisition times as a baseline, our method demonstrates a 25.0 to 29.1-fold reduction in total processing time. By automating this crucial preprocessing step and optimizing data acquisition, our pipeline significantly accelerates materials characterization workflows while reducing unnecessary data collection. © The Author(s) 2025.

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A smart capsule with a bacteria- and pH-triggered enteric polymer coating for targeted colonic microbiome sampling

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Acta Biomaterialia 2025年 199卷 412-427页

作者： Sarnaik, Devendra Krishnakumar, Akshay Nejati, Sina Sullivan, Caitlyn R. Cross, Tzu-Wen L. Campbell, Wayne W. Johnson, Jay S. Rahimi, Rahim School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Nutrition Science Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States

The gut microbiome is recognized as a critical factor in advancing precision nutrition and medicine for health and in developing dietary recommendations and targeted therapies for gastrointestinal (GI) health and diseases. However, conventional sampling methods, such as fecal analysis and colonoscopy, often fail to capture microbial information from specific regions of the GI tract or require invasive procedures, thereby limiting accuracy and clinical utility. As a non-invasive alternative, passive sampling capsules have been developed for site-specific microbiome analysis by employing pH-sensitive enteric coatings that delay sampling until the capsule reaches the targeted intestinal region. Although this approach has been successful in the small intestine, colonic sampling remains challenging due to the high interpersonal variability in intestinal pH, which makes it difficult to rely solely on a pH-triggering mechanism. To overcome this challenge, a dual bacterially and pH triggered polymeric enteric coating was created by blending lactulose and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, enabling complete dissolution within the colonic region. Through systematic characterization of multiple polymer blend compositions using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry, an optimized design was identified that provides both suitable physical integrity and rapid (∼2 h) degradation in the presence of colonic bacteria, across a pH range of 5 to 8. The optimized blend was subsequently applied as a double-layer enteric coating on a sampling capsule, enabling the dissolution of the outer layer in the small intestine and complete dissolution of the inner layer in the colon. In-vitro and in-vivo pig model studies were conducted to validate the capsule's sampling performance and to ensure the preservation of the microbial environment. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a taxonomic similarity between samples collect

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Recent advances in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy probe designs

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5555-5571页

作者： Da Xu Boqun Liang Yaodong Xu Ming Liu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California-RiversideRiversideCalifornia 92521USA Materials Science and Engineering program University of California-RiversideRiversideCalifornia 92521USA

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS)imaging is a super-resolution imaging technique that features the merits of both surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and scanning probe microscopy(SPM),such as the high chemical sensitivity from the former and the nanoscale spatial resolution from the *** advantages make TERS an essential nanospectroscopic characterization technique for chemical analysis,materials science,bio-sensing,*** probes,the most critical factor determining the TERS imaging quality,are expected to provide a highly confined electromagnetic hotspot with a minimized scattering background for the generation of Raman signals with high spatial *** two decades of development,numerous probe design concepts have been proposed and *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art TERS probe designs,from the working mechanism to the practical *** start with reviewing the recent development of TERS configurations and the corresponding working mechanisms,including the SPM platforms,optical excitation/collection techniques,and probe preparation *** then review the emerging novel TERS probe designs,including the remote-excitation probes,the waveguide-based nanofocusing probes,the metal-coated nanofocusing probes,the nanowire-assisted selective-coupling probes,and the tapered metal-insulator-metal *** discussion focuses on a few critical aspects,including the surface-plasmon-polariton(SPP)hotspot excitation technique,conversion efficiency,working frequency,and *** the end,we review the latest TERS applications and give a perspective on the future of TERS.

关键词： tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy plasmonics scanning probe microscopy nanoscale imaging nanophotonics nanofocusing

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THEORETICAL GAIN OF STRAINED-LAYER SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS IN THE LARGE STRAIN REGIME

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IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 1989年第2期25卷 171-178页

作者： CHONG, TC FONSTAD, CG Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Center for Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

The theoretical gain of strained-layer semiconductor lasers is analyzed in the large strain regime based on the density-matrix method, taking into account the modification of both the valence bands and the transition dipole moments. The wave functions for the valence-band states for an arbitrary wave vector at the Gamma point in the presence of stain are derived from diagonalization of the strain Hamiltonian using the original wave functions obtained from the k-p method. These wave functions are then used to obtain the dipole moment matrix elements at the band edges, which are found to be independent of the wave vector.< >

关键词： Laser theory Semiconductor lasers Capacitive sensors Wave functions Gallium arsenide Tellurium Optical polarization Laser transitions Anisotropic magnetoresistance Substrates

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