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Dynamic Reconstruction of Crystal/Amorphous Hetero-Phosphate Janus Interfaces for Highly Stable Seawater Splitting

Advanced Functional materials 2025年

作者： Tian, Pengfei Zong, Wei Xiong, Jin Liu, Wei Liu, Jingquan Dai, Yuhang Zhu, Jiexin Huang, Shuting Song, Shiwei Chu, Kaibin He, Guanjie Han, Ning School of Materials Science and Engineering Linyi University Linyi276000 China Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Parks Road OxfordOX1 3PJ United Kingdom Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street LondonWC1H 0AJ United Kingdom Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3G8 Canada Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 2E8 Canada

The abundant seawater resources provide favorable advantages for the large-scale application of seawater electrolysis to produce hydrogen. However, the catalysts are prone to triggering the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) and are easily corroded by Cl−, which are key challenges that need urgent resolution in seawater electrolysis technology. Here, a crystal/amorphous heterostructure bifunctional composite catalyst (caMo-NiFePO/NMF) for seawater splitting is synthesized through in situ etching and phosphorylation. The incorporation of Mo facilitates the formation of crystalline-amorphous interfaces and adjusts the Fe electronic states and d-band centers, thereby boosting the adsorption capacity of *OOH intermediates and the repulsion of Cl−, forming a dynamic *OOH-rich, Cl−-poor Janus interface. This enhances catalytic activity and prevents catalyst deep reconstruction toward hydroxyl metal oxide, leading to highly stable and effective seawater splitting. Noteworthy, the caMo-NiFePO/NMF requires a low overpotential of 328 mV to reach 500 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), avoiding triggering CER. It also shows excellent activity with 327 mV to 500 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As a bifunctional catalyst, caMo-NiFePO/NMF demonstrates excellent performance with a cell potential of 1.7 V to achieve 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater, maintaining remarkable stability over 1000 h. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Diffusion in solids

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Broadband Acoustic Meta-structures Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

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材料导报 2020年第11期34卷 11001-11002页

作者： JIA Xiao HONG Minghui YAN Ming Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3117583Singapore

Acoustic meta-structures,because of their flexible and unprecedented proprieties,such as negative dynamic density,negative bulk modulus and refractive index of negative,near-zero or extremely large value,enable new applications to manipulate sound waves propagation and control energy transfer[1].Over the past decades,the development of acoustic meta-structures has not only provided advanced functionalities but also tackled the problem of limited device ***,the meta-structures are explored based on two different kinds of unit cells:locally resonant and non-resonant *** acoustic components with the Helmholtz resonator[2],membrane structure[3]or other structured composites were investigated to realize local *** this circumstance,their resonant behaviors are sensitive to the frequency,where the desirable properties can be obtained in the vicinities of the resonant ***,they suffer from the inherent“narrow band”,resulting in large sound attenuation when the frequency is off *** the non-resonant meta-structures,the unit cell with convoluted waveguides such as space-coiling sound channels[4],labyrinthine[5]or tapered structures[6]were proposed to achieve unusual effective properties over a wider ***,the impedance mismatch between the meta-structure and the environmental fluid leads to a large energy reflection and sound attenuation inside the waveguides due to thermo-viscous loss in the narrow sound ***,it is still an open problem in both industry and academia to optimize the broadband performance of the meta-structure devices.

关键词： narrow sound sizes

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Integrated 6G TN and NTN Localization: Challenges, Opportunities, and Advancements

IEEE Communications Standards Magazine

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IEEE Communications Standards Magazine 2025年

作者： Saleh, Sharief Zheng, Pinjun Liu, Xing Chen, Hui Keskin, Musa Furkan Priyanto, Basuki Beale, Martin Ettefagh, Yasaman Seco-Granados, Gonzalo Al-Naffouri, Tareq Y. Wymeersch, Henk Chalmers University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Sweden King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Saudi Arabia Sony Europe BV United Kingdom Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering Spain

The rapid evolution of cellular networks has introduced groundbreaking technologies, including large and distributed antenna arrays and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in terrestrial networks (TNs), as well as aerial and space-based nodes in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). These advancements enable applications beyond traditional communication, such as high-precision localization and sensing. While integrating TN and NTN enablers will lead to unparalleled opportunities for seamless global localization, such integration attempts are expected to face several challenges. To understand these opportunities and challenges, we first examine the distinctive characteristics of the key 6G enablers, evaluating their roles in localization from both technical and practical perspectives. Next, to identify developments driving TN-NTN localization, we review the latest standardization and industrial innovation progress. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of TN-NTN integration, illustrating its potential through two numerical case studies. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： 6G localization low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites non-terrestrial network (NTN) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) terrestrial network (TN)

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Quantum oscillations of holes in GaN

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chang, Chuan F.C. Dill, Joseph E. Zhang, Zexuan Chen, Jie-Cheng Pieczulewski, Naomi Bader, Samuel J. Valenzuela, Oscar Ayala Crooker, Scott A. Balakirev, Fedor F. McDonald, Ross D. Encomendero, Jimy Muller, David A. Giustino, Feliciano Jena, Debdeep Xing, Huili Grace Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Physics The University of Texas Austin AustinTX United States Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas Austin AustinTX United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States Foundry Technology Research Intel Corporation HillsboroOR United States National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM United States Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science IthacaNY United States

GaN has emerged to be a major semiconductor akin to silicon due to its revolutionary impacts in solid state lighting, critically enabled by p-type doping1, and high-performance radio-frequency and power electronics2–4. Suffering from inefficient hole doping and low hole mobility5, quantum oscillations in p-type GaN have not been observed, hindering fundamental studies of valence bands and hole transport in GaN. Here, we present the first observation of quantum oscillations of holes in GaN. Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations in hole resistivity are observed in a quantum-confined two-dimensional hole gas at a GaN/AlN interface, where polarization-induced doping overcomes thermal freeze-out, and a sharp and clean interface boosts the hole mobility enough to unmask the quantum oscillations. These holes degenerately occupy the light and heavy hole bands of GaN and have record-high mobilities of ~1900 cm2/Vs and ~400 cm2/Vs at 3K, respectively. We use magnetic fields up to 72 T to resolve SdH oscillations of holes from both valence bands to extract their respective sheet densities, quantum scattering times, and the effective masses of light holes (0.5-0.7 m0) and heavy holes (1.9 m0). SdH oscillations of heavy and light holes in GaN constitute a direct metrology of valence bands and open new venues for quantum engineering in this technologically important semiconductor. Like strained silicon transistors, strain-engineering of the valence bands of GaN is predicted6,7 to dramatically improve hole mobilities by reducing the hole effective mass, a proposal that can now be explored experimentally, particularly in a fully fabricated transistor, using quantum oscillations. Furthermore, the findings of this work suggest a blueprint to create 2D hole gases and observe quantum oscillations of holes in related wide bandgap semiconductors such as SiC and ZnO in which such techniques are not yet possible. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Emergent dimer-model topological order and quasi-particle excitations in liquid crystals: combinatorial vortex lattices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Cuiling Wu, Jin-Sheng Kos, Žiga Dunkel, Jörn Nisoli, Cristiano Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as ‘Combinatorial Vortex Lattices’ (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasi-particle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CLVs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery — an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser surgery

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Meteorological data implications modeling on evapotranspiration variability in arid and semi-arid zones in Saudi Arabia using hybrid metaheuristic

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-22页

作者： Noureddine, Oulad Naoui Mohamed, Sekkoum El Amine, Cherif Alzaed, Ali Gedfew, Meseret Abeje Ghoneim, Sherif S. M. Hussein, Enas E. Materials Energy Systems Technology and Environment Laboratory Department of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering University Ghardaia Bounoura Algeria Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Amar Telidji University P. O. Box 37.G Laghouat 03000 Algeria Water Management and Treatment Laboratory University of Science and Technology of Oran Mohamed Boudiaf B.P. 1505 El M’Naouer Oran Algeria Architectural Engineering Program - Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Taif University Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Technology Debre Markos University P. O. Box 269 Debre Markos Ethiopia Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Taif University Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Water Management Research Institute National Water Research Center Shubra El-Kheima 13411 Egypt

This work is unique and contributes new knowledge to the field whereas it involves introducing a new method based on coupling two or three stochastic models, analyzing new data represented by drought and flooding risk relationship, and addressing a previously unexplored research question: Can we make a decision regarding future evapotranspiration-flooding risk relationship? In this paper, the Bat algorithm (BAT) with the Newton Method (NM), Bird Swarm Algorithm (BSA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm (CSO) are used as a hybrid model in arid and semi-arid zones in Saudi Arabia as well as for modeling rainfall, temperature, and solar radiation implications on evapotranspiration variability. Coupling between aridity and evapotranspiration over a long time can create flooding risks. This holistic modeling aims to reduce flooding risks and ensure the desired decision. Several models were employed to simulate some basins’ Potential and Actual evapotranspiration as case studies. The meteorological inputs of the hybrid models were calibrated and validated with metric evaluation for input and output of evapotranspiration, respectively. The results suggest that the application of a hybrid model can improve the accuracy of evapotranspiration simulations in terms of statistical parameters, whereas BAT–GA–NM reduced MAPE from 38.88 to 4.16% for Mekkah and from 14.94 to 2.04% for Medina and NSCE from − 0.17 to 0.97 for Mekkah and from 0.82 to 0.99%. Those parameters will provide a better understanding of evapotranspiration processes in watersheds and valuable information for early warnings of flooding risks. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Hybrid metaheuristic Modeling Rainfall Solar radiation data Temperature

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Flat-band voltage shift in metal-gate/high-k/Si stacks

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第9期20卷 381-391页

作者：黄安平郑晓虎肖志松杨智超王玫朱剑豪杨晓东 Department of Physics Beihang University Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida

In metal-gate/high-k stacks adopted by the 45 nm technology node, the fiat-band voltage （Vfb） shift remains one of the most critical challenges, particularly the flat-band voltage roll-off （Vfb roll-off） phenomenon in p-channel metal- oxide-semiconductor （pMOS） devices with an ultrathin oxide layer. In this paper, recent progress on the investigation of the Vfb shift and the origin of the Vfb roll-off in the metal-gate/high-k pMOS stacks are reviewed. Methods that can alleviate the Vfb shift phenomenon are summarized and the future research trend is described.

关键词： flat-band voltage shift Vfb roll-off metal gate high-k dielectrics

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Wide bandwidth acoustic transmission via coiled-up metamaterial with impedance matching layers

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第6期62卷 37-44页

作者： Xiao Jia Yang Li Yinghao Zhou Minghui Hong Ming Yan Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Key Engineering Lab for Powder Production for 3D Printing of Aircraft Engines Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

Many acoustic metamaterials suffer from a narrow bandwidth transmission because of the impedance mismatch at the airmetamaterial interface. In this paper, a two-dimensional impedance-matched metamaterial with broadband transmission performance is investigated. The impedance matching layer is introduced for a gradient variation of effective impedance from the inlet of the unit to the outlet. The effective medium theory and corresponding effective model are used to explain the underlying mechanism. The improved energy transmission of our designs is demonstrated by experiment and numerical simulation within a broad frequency bandwidth over 6 kHz. Our impedance-matched design can be used to enhance sound absorption, which is expected to present improved acoustic performance in the applications of acoustic damper and muffler.

关键词： general linear acoustics structural acoustics and vibration acoustical measurements and instrumentation wavestructure interactions

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Fast spin precession and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in ferrimagnetic Mn4N thin films improved by Pd buffer layer

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Yao Kim, Yun Murmu, Peter P. Huang, Dingbin Lyu, Deyuan Wang, Jian-Ping Wang, Xiaojia Granville, Simon Robinson Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington P.O. Box 33436 Petone5046 New Zealand MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology P.O. Box 600 Wellington6140 New Zealand Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States National Isotope Centre GNS Science PO Box 30368 Lower Hutt5010 New Zealand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States

Ferrimagnets take the advantages of both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets making them promise for spintronic applications. Here we prepared ferrimagnetic Mn4N thin films with high Curie temperature and investigated the crystalline structure and magnetic properties affected by the Pd buffer layer. We demonstrated that both crystalline quality and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of Mn4N thin films are enhanced significantly due to the relaxation of tensile stress induced by the Pd buffer layer. We also demonstrated a fast spin precession at room temperature, almost 100 GHz, in Mn4N thin films. With the characteristics of high thermal stability, enhanced PMA by buffer layer and fast spin precession, Mn4N thin film is a promising material for spintronic applications. © 2025, CC0.

关键词： Ferrimagnetism

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INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF AMORPHOUS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE SI THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS BY PLASMA-ASSISTED CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION

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MICROELECTRONIC engineering 1994年第2-4期25卷 329-336页

作者： LUCOVSKY, G HE, SS WILLIAMS, MJ STEPHENS, D Department of Physics Materials Science and Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8202 USA

Thin film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated in an ultra-high vacuum compatible integrated processing system with on-line surface analysis diagnostics - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). This paper deals with TFTs that include dual-layer oxide-nitride dielectrics, and either hydrogenated amorphous and/or microcrystalline Si thin films for the channel, and source and drain regions. The emphasis is on the integrated processing of bottom-gate device structures, and on the way the electrical performance of the TFTs are correlated with the properties of the dielectric and semiconducting films, their included internal interfaces and the external exposed surfaces.

关键词： Microelectronic processing

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