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Obtaining bulk-like correlated oxide surfaces with protective caps

Applied Physics Letters 2025年第16期126卷

作者： Cohen, Amit Baskin, Maria Shoham, Lishai Caspi, Shaked Shekhter, Pini Lee, Tien-Lin Chambers, Scott A. Kornblum, Lior Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000-03 Israel The Norman Seiden Multidisciplinary Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000-03 Israel Wolfson Applied Materials Research Centre Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science & Innovation Campus DidcotOX11 0DE United Kingdom Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99352 United States

Functional oxides exhibit a diverse range of correlated electron phenomena, some of which are highly attractive for novel electronic, magnetic, and optical devices. Despite decades of advancement of our fundamental understanding of these materials, they consistently fall short of realizing their promise in functional devices. We identify a significant bottleneck toward device realization to be surface overoxidation. Protective caps can effectively prevent overoxidation, but their interfaces with functional oxides are not well understood. These interfaces are critical for effectively using functional oxides in field-effect devices, where "the interface is the device." This work addresses the chemistry and physics of the interface between protective caps and the correlated metal SrVO3, a model functional oxide. Our comparison of five different cap materials reveals effective protection and similar SrVO3 surface chemistry in all cases. Systematic comparisons of surface and bulk-sensitive photoelectron spectra reveal that negligible interface redox takes place, elucidating the cap-SrVO3 interface chemistry. This work demonstrates a robust and simple solution to the surface overoxidation problem in vanadates, paving the way toward effectively using these materials in field-effect devices. Our conclusions are general and can be applied to numerous other systems, thus moving oxide electronics closer to the realization of functional devices. © 2025 Author(s).

关键词： Redox reactions

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Plasma immersion ion implantation with dielectric substrates

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA science 1996年第6期24卷 1383-1388页

作者： Linder, BP Cheung, NW Plasma Assisted Materials Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

Plasma immersion ion implantation (Pm) is a novel implantation technique for high-dose/high-current implants. Using the SPICE circuit simulator to model the PIII process, the sheath voltage and ion energy distribution are examined. Implanting into a dielectric substrate results in a significant voltage buildup in the wafer, reducing the effective implant energy. Increasing the pulse voltage raises the dose/pulse, but at the cost of an expanded implant energy spread. Increasing the plasma ion density also raises the dose/pulse, but at the cost of a wider implant energy spread and a lower coupling efficiency. Increasing the substrate thickness reduces both the coupling efficiency and dose/pulse while broadening the energy spread. The large voltage generated across the dielectric substrate decreases the charge neutralization time significantly, reducing the possibility of gate oxide damage.

关键词： Plasma immersion ion implantation gate oxide Implants and Prostheses circuit simulator Dielectric substrates Shock voltage Ion energy distribution ion densities

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MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE CHARGE-FLOW TRANSISTOR OSCILLATOR MOISTURE SENSOR

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS 1981年第1期2卷 59-71页

作者： SENTURIA, SD GARVERICK, SL TOGASHI, K Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Center for Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A.

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Identifying materials-Level Sources of Performance Variation in Superconducting Transmon Qubits

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Murthy, Akshay A. Bal, Mustafa Bedzyk, Michael J. Cansizoglu, Hilal Chan, Randall K. Chandrasekhar, Venkat Crisa, Francesco Datta, Amlan Deng, Yanpei Matute Diaz, Celeo D. Dravid, Vinayak P. Garcia-Wetten, David A. Garattoni, Sabrina Ghimire, Sunil Goronzy, Dominic P. de Graaf, Sebastian E. Haeuser, Sam Hersam, Mark C. Isheim, Dieter Joshi, Kamal Kim, Richard Kolachina, Saagar Kopas, Cameron J. Kramer, Matthew J. Lachman, Ella O. Lee, Jaeyel Lim, Peter G. Lunin, Andrei Mah, William Marshall, Jayss Mutus, Josh Y. Oh, Jin-Su Pappas, David P. Park, Joong-Mok Prozorov, Ruslan dos Reis, Roberto Seidman, David N. Sung, Zuhawn Tanatar, Makariy Walker, Mitchell J. Wang, Jigang Wu, Haotian Zhou, Lin Zhu, Shaojiang Grassellino, Anna Romanenko, Alexander BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Rigetti Computing BerkeleyCA94710 United States Ames National Laboratory AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States The NUANCE Center Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States National Physical Laboratory TeddingtonTW11 0LW United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

The Superconducting materials and Systems (SQMS) Center, a DOE National Quantum Information science Research Center, has conducted a comprehensive and coordinated study using superconducting transmon qubit chips with known performance metrics to identify the underlying materials-level sources of device-to-device performance variation. Following qubit coherence measurements, these qubits of varying base superconducting metals and substrates have been examined with various nondestructive and invasive material characterization techniques at Northwestern University, Ames National Laboratory, and Fermilab as part of a blind study. We find trends in variations of the depth of the etched substrate trench, the thickness of the surface oxide, and the geometry of the sidewall, which when combined, lead to correlations with the T1 lifetime across different devices. In addition, we provide a list of features that varied from device to device, for which the impact on performance requires further studies. Finally, we identify two low-temperature characterization techniques that may potentially serve as proxy tools for qubit measurements. These insights provide materials-oriented solutions to not only reduce performance variations across neighboring devices, but also to engineer and fabricate devices with optimal geometries to achieve performance metrics beyond the state-of-the-art values. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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Foundation Models for Atomistic Simulation of Chemistry and materials

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Yuan, Eric C.-Y. Liu, Yunsheng Chen, Junmin Zhong, Peichen Raja, Sanjeev Kreiman, Tobias Vargas, Santiago Xu, Wenbin Head-Gordon, Martin Yang, Chao Blau, Samuel M. Cheng, Bingqing Krishnapriyan, Aditi Head-Gordon, Teresa Kenneth S. Pitzer Theory Center Department of Chemistry United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Chemical Sciences Division United States Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division United States Energy Technologies Area United States National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Given the power of large language and large vision models, it is of profound and fundamental interest to ask if a foundational model based on data and parameter scaling laws and pre-training strategies is possible for learned simulations of chemistry and materials. The scaling of large and diverse datasets and highly expressive architectures for chemical and materials sciences should result in a foundation model that is more efficient and broadly transferable, robust to out-of-distribution challenges, and easily fine-tuned to a variety of downstream observables, when compared to specific training from scratch on targeted applications in atomistic simulation. In this Perspective we aim to cover the rapidly advancing field of machine learned interatomic potentials (MLIP), and to illustrate a path to create chemistry and materials MLIP foundation models at larger scale. © 2025, CC BY-SA.

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A flexible capacitive photoreceptor for the biomimetic retina

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第1期11卷 38-49页

作者： Mani Teja Vijjapu Mohammed E.Fouda Agamyrat Agambayev Chun Hong Kang Chun-Ho Lin Boon S.Ooi Jr-Hau He Ahmed M.Eltawil Khaled N.Salama Sensors lab Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials CenterComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Communication and Computing Systems Lab ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California-IrvineIrvineCA 92612USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Neuromorphic vision sensors have been extremely beneficial in developing energy-efficient intelligent systems for robotics and privacy-preserving security *** is a dire need for devices to mimic the retina's photoreceptors that encode the light illumination into a sequence of spikes to develop such ***,we develop a hybrid perovskite-based flexible photoreceptor whose capacitance changes proportionally to the light intensity mimicking the retina's rod cells,paving the way for developing an efficient artificial retina *** proposed device constitutes a hybrid nanocomposite of perovskites(methyl-ammonium lead bromide)and the ferroelectric terpolymer(polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene).A metal-insulator-metal type capacitor with the prepared composite exhibits the unique and photosensitive capacitive behavior at various light intensities in the visible light *** proposed photoreceptor mimics the spectral sensitivity curve of human photopic *** hybrid nanocomposite is stable in ambient air for 129 weeks,with no observable degradation of the composite due to the encapsulation of hybrid perovskites in the hydrophobic *** functionality of the proposed photoreceptor to recognize handwritten digits(MNIST)dataset using an unsupervised trained spiking neural network with 72.05%recognition accuracy is *** demonstration proves the potential of the proposed sensor for neuromorphic vision applications.

关键词： perovskite illumination preserving

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MICRODIELECTROMETRY

引用

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS 1982年第3期2卷 263-274页

作者： SHEPPARD, NF DAY, DR LEE, HL SENTURIA, SD Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Center for Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A.

The low-frequency dielectric properties of resins provide a useful tool for characterizing both the curing process and the fully cured material. We have used silicon microfabrication technology to develop a miniaturized dielectric sensor that combines a planar interdigitated electrode structure with a pair of matched field-effect transistors to achieve sensitivity at frequencies as low as 1 Hz. The microdielectrometer “chip” can be implanted in a specimen, or a small sample of material (a few milligrams) can be placed on the active area of the device. When combined with an off-chip electronic feed-back system, the device can be used to measure the complex dielectric constant of the sample material either as it cures, or after cure. The device is capable of operating in excess of 200 °C, making it useful for a wide variety of curing and post-cure studies. Device calibration is based on a two-dimensional computer model which has been experimentally confirmed for a variety of control samples. Several typical applications are illustrated by experiments, and the use of the data to follow changes in the dominant low-frequency dielectric relaxation during the cure of a model epoxy resin system is presented.

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Observation of double hysteresis in CoFe2O4/MnFe2O4 core/shell nanoparticles and its contribution to AC heat induction

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Jie Kim, Hyungsub Kim, Ji-Wook Seo, HyeongJoo Ota, Satoshi You, Chun-Yeol Takemura, Yasushi Bae, Seongtae Department of Electrical Engineering University of South Carolina ColumbiaSC29208 United States Department of Emerging Materials Science Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology Daegu42988 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shizuoka University Hamamatsu432-8561 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yokohama National University Yokohama240-8501 Japan

Magnetic core/shell nanoparticles are promising candidates for magnetic hyperthermia due to its high AC magnetic heat induction (specific loss power (SLP)). It’s widely accepted that magnetic exchange-coupling between core and shell plays the crucial role in enhancing SLP of magnetic core/shell nanoparticles. However, the physical contribution of exchange coupling to SLP has not been systematically investigated, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, magnetic hard/soft CoFe2O4/MnFe2O4 and inverted soft/hard MnFe2O4/CoFe2O4 core/shell nanoparticles were synthesized, systematically varying the number of shell layers, to investigate the physical contribution of internal bias coupling at the core/shell interface to AC heat induction (SLP). Our results show that a unique magnetic property, double-hysteresis loop, was present and clearly observed, which was never reported in previous core/shell research literature. According to the experimentally and theoretically analyzed results, the double-hysteresis behavior in core/shell nanoparticles was caused by the difference of magnetic anisotropy between core and shell materials, separated by a non-magnetic interface. The enhanced SLP and and maximum temperature rise (TAC,max) of core/shell nanoparticles are attributed to the optimized magnetic anositropy, AC magnetic softness and double hysteresis behavior due to the internal bias coupling. These results demonstrate that the rational design capabilities to separately control the magnetic anisotropy, AC/DC magnetic properties by varying the volume ration between core and shell and by switching hard or soft phase materials between core and shell are effective modalities to enhance the AC heat induction of core/shell nanoparticles for magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic anisotropy

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Signal Processing on Platforms with Multiple Cores: Part 1-Overview and Methodologies

引用

IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 2009年第6期26卷 24-25页

作者： Chen, Yen-Kuang Chakrabarti, Chaitali Bhattacharyya, Shuvra Bougard, Bruno Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California–Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA

Multicore processors are now prevalent in all major domains of signal processing. Many laptop and desktop computers today are shipped with dualcore and even quad-core processors. The number of cores is even higher for the Sony PlayStation 3, which is equipped with an 8-core IBM CELL Broadband Engine processor, Nvidia GeForce 9800 GX2, which has 256 stream processors, and SUN UltraSPARC T1/T2 processor, which has 8 cores. Technology predictions indicate that this trend will continue and that the number of cores per processor can easily double around every two or three years.

关键词： Signal processing Multicore processing computer architecture Energy consumption Clocks Signal processing algorithms Signal design Software tools Portable computers Engines

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Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions for Alternate Food to Address Agricultural Catastrophes Globally

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2016年第3期7卷 205-215页

作者： David C.Denkenberger Joshua M.Pearce Global Catastrophic Risk Institute Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Tennessee State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Michigan Technological University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University

The literature suggests there is about a 1 % risk per year of a 10 % global agricultural shortfall due to catastrophes such as a large volcanic eruption, a medium asteroid or comet impact, regional nuclear war, abrupt climate change, and extreme weather causing multiple breadbasket failures. This shortfall has an expected mortality of about 500 million people. To prevent such mass starvation, alternate foods can be deployed that utilize stored biomass. This study developed a model with literature values for variables and, where no values existed,used large error bounds to recognize uncertainty. Then Monte Carlo analysis was performed on three interventions: planning, research, and development. The results show that even the upper bound of USD 400 per life saved by these interventions is far lower than what is typically paid to save a life in a less-developed country. Furthermore, every day of delay on the implementation of these interventions costs 100–40,000 expected lives(number of lives saved multiplied by the probability that alternate foods would be required). These interventions plus training would save 1–300 million expected lives. In general, these solutions would reduce the possibility of civilization collapse, could assist in providing food outside of catastrophic situations, and would result in billions of dollars per year of return.

关键词： Agricultural catastrophe Alternate food Global catastrophic risk Intervention cost-effectiveness

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