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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wang, Zidong Guo, Minghua Zhou, Heng-An Zhao, Le Xu, Teng Tomasello, Riccardo Bai, Hao Dong, Yiqing Je, Soong Geun Chao, Weilun Han, Hee-Sung Lee, Suseok Lee, Ki-Suk Yao, Yunyan Han, Wei Song, Cheng Wu, Huaqiang Carpentieri, Mario Finocchio, Giovanni Im, Mi-Young Lin, Shi-Zeng Jiang, Wanjun State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics FORTH Heraklion-CreteGR-70013 Greece Center for X-ray Optics Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Chonnam National University Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of School of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Daegu711-873 Korea Republic of International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Polytechnic of Bari Bari70125 Italy Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Messina98166 Italy Theoretical Division T-4 and CNLS Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States

Recent years have witnessed significant progresses in realizing skyrmions in chiral magnets1-4 and asymmetric magnetic multilayers5-13, as well as their electrical manipulation2,7,8,10. Equally important, thermal generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions can be exploited for prototypical new architecture with integrated computation14 and energy harvesting15. It has yet to verify if skyrmions can be purely generated by heating16,17, and if their resultant direction of motion driven by temperature gradients follows the diffusion or, oppositely, the magnonic spin torque17-21. Here, we address these important issues in microstructured devices made of multilayers - [Ta/CoFeB/MgO]15, [Pt/CoFeB/MgO/Ta]15 and [Pt/Co/Ta]15 integrated with on-chip heaters, by using a full-field soft X-ray microscopy. The thermal generation of densely packed skyrmions is attributed to the low energy barrier at the device edge, together with the thermally induced morphological transition from stripe domains to skyrmions. The unidirectional diffusion of skyrmions from the hot region towards the cold region is experimentally observed. It can be theoretically explained by the combined contribution from repulsive forces between skyrmions, and thermal spin-orbit torques in competing with magnonic spin torques17,18,20,21 and entropic forces22. These thermally generated skyrmions can be further electrically detected by measuring the accompanied anomalous Nernst voltages23. The on-chip thermoelectric generation, manipulation and detection of skyrmions could open another exciting avenue for enabling skyrmionics, and promote interdisciplinary studies among spin caloritronics15, magnonics24 and skyrmionics3,4,12. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Sensing with Exceptional Surfaces in Order to Combine Sensitivity with Robustness

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Physical Review Letters 2019年第15期122卷 153902-153902页

作者： Q. Zhong J. Ren M. Khajavikhan D. N. Christodoulides Ş. K. Özdemir R. El-Ganainy Department of Physics and Henes Center for Quantum Phenomena Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 USA College of Optics & Photonics-CREOL University of Central Florida Orlando Florida 32816 USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802-6812 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 USA

Exceptional points (EPs) are singularities that arise in non-Hermitian physics. Current research efforts focus only on systems supporting isolated EPs characterized by increased sensitivity to external perturbations, which makes them potential candidates for building next generation optical sensors. On the downside, this feature is also the Achilles heel of these devices: they are very sensitive to fabrication errors and experimental uncertainties. To overcome this problem, we introduce a new design concept for implementing photonic EPs that combine the robustness required for practical use together with their hallmark sensitivity. Particularly, our proposed structure exhibits a hypersurface of Jordan EPs embedded in a larger space, and having the following peculiar features: (1) A large class of undesired perturbations shift the operating point along the exceptional surface (ES), thus, leaving the system at another EP which explains the robustness; (2) Perturbations due to back reflection or backscattering force the operating point out of the ES, leading to enhanced sensitivity. Importantly, our proposed geometry is relatively easy to implement using standard photonics components and the design concept can be extended to other physical platforms such as microwave or acoustics.

关键词： Microcavity & microdisk lasers Nanoparticles Whispering gallery mode resonators

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Erratum: Total variation superiorized conjugate gradient method for image reconstruction (2018 Inverse Problems 34 034001)

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Inverse Problems 2020年第8期36卷

作者： Marcelo V W Zibetti Chuan Lin Gabor T Herman Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology—Paraná Curitiba 80230-901 Brazil School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610031 People's Republic of China Department of Computer Science The Graduate Center City University of New York NY 10016 United States of America

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Electromagnetic aspects of practical approaches to realization of intelligent metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Liu, F. Tsilipakos, O. Wang, X. Pitilakis, A. Tasolamprou, A.C. Mirmoosa, M.S. Kwon, D.-H. Kossifos, K. Georgiou, J. Kafesaki, M. Soukoulis, C.M. Tretyakov, S.A. Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Maarintie 8 Espoo02150 Finland Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas Heraklion71110 Greece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Thessaloniki Greece University of Massachusetts Amherst Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Massachusetts United States University of Cyprus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 1 Panepistimiou Avenue Aglanzia Nicosia2109 Singapore University of Crete Department of Materials Science and Technology Heraklion Crete71003 Greece Ames Laboratory Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIW50011 United States

We thoroughly investigate the electromagnetic response of intelligent functional metasurfaces. We study two distinct designs operating at different frequency regimes, namely, a switch-fabric-based design for GHz frequencies and a graphene-based approach for THz band, and discuss the respective practical design considerations. The performance for tunable perfect absorption applications is assessed in both cases. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Voltage control of domain walls in magnetic nanowires for energy-efficient neuromorphic devices

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Azam, Md Ali Bhattacharya, Dhritiman Querlioz, Damien Ross, Caroline A. Atulasimha, Jayasimha Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Virginia Commonwealth Univ. RichmondVA United States Centre national de la recherche scientifique Univ. of Paris Saclay Paris France Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Commonwealth Univ. RichmondVA United States

An energy-efficient voltage controlled domain wall device for implementing an artificial neuron and synapse is analyzed using micromagnetic modeling in the presence of room temperature thermal noise. By controlling the domain wall motion utilizing spin transfer or spin orbit torques in association with voltage generated strain control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, different positions of the domain wall are realized in the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction to program different synaptic weights. The feasibility of scaling of such devices is assessed in the presence of thermal perturbations that compromise controllability. Additionally, an artificial neuron can be realized by combining this DW device with a CMOS buffer. This provides a possible pathway to realize energy efficient voltage controlled nanomagnetic deep neural networks that can learn in real time. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Evidence of rotational Fröhlich coupling in polaronic trions

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Trushin, Maxim Sarkar, Soumya Mathew, Sinu Goswami, Sreetosh Adam, Shaffique Venkatesan, T. Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore Singapore117546 Singapore NUSNNI NanoCore National University of Singapore Singapore117411 Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore117551 Singapore Yale-NUS College Singapore138527 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Electrons commonly couple through Fröhlich interactions with longitudinal optical phonons to form polarons. However, trions possess a finite angular momentum and should therefore couple instead to rotational optical phonons. This creates a polaronic trion whose binding energy would be determined by the crystallographic orientation of the lattice. Here, we demonstrate theoretically within the Fröhlich approach and experimentally by photoluminescence emission that the binding energy of the bare trion (20 meV) is significantly enhanced by the phonons at the interface between two-dimensional semiconductor MoS2 and bulk transition metal oxide SrTiO3. The low-temperature binding energy changes from 60 meV in [001]-oriented substrates to 90 meV for [111] orientation, a result of the counter-intuitive interplay between the rotational axis of the MoS2 trion and that of the SrTiO3 phonon mode. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binding energy

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Low Noise, High Gain-Bandwidth Photodetectors Using Cycling Exciting Process (CEP) as Amplification Mechanism

Low Noise, High Gain-Bandwidth Photodetectors Using Cycling ...

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IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits

作者： Lujiang Yan Yugang Yu Zihan Xu Iftikhar Niaz Mohammad Abu Raihan Miah Alex Ce Zhang Jiayun Zhou Yuhwa Lo Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCSD Materials Science and Engineering UCSD CA 9500 Gilman Drive USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538662359

We report a new physical mechanism, cycling excitation process (CEP), that produces intrinsic gain for photocurrent. The CEP process has shown much greater efficiency and lower noise than the impact ionization process, the mechanism for avalanche photodetectors. Using the CEP process, we have obtained detectors of low excess noise and a record high gain-bandwidth product of over 2 THz. Above all, such performance was obtained from a thin (30nm) layer of amorphous silicon as the gain medium.

关键词： Photoconductivity Impact ionization Detectors Avalanche photodiodes Amorphous silicon Noise measurement

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electrically driven hot-carrier generation and above-threshold light emission in plasmonic tunnel junctions

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Cui, Longji Zhu, Yunxuan Abbasi, Mahdiyeh Ahmadivand, Arash Gerislioglu, Burak Nordlander, Peter Natelson, Douglas Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005

Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in metal nanostructures have attracted much attention for their role in generating non-equilibrium hot carriers (HCs) for photochemistry1-3, photodetection4,5 and photoluminescence6. In addition to optical excitation, LSPs and HC dynamics can be driven electrically via inelastic tunneling. LSP-mediated light emission in tunnel junctions7-13 commonly features photon energies below the threshold set by the applied voltage bias. Recent work14-18 has reported photon energies significantly above that threshold, while the underlying physical origin remains elusive. Proposed mechanisms include higher-order electron-plasmon and electron-electron interactions15,17-20, and blackbody radiation of hot electrons16,21. We report measurements of light emission in tunnel junctions of different plasmonic materials and reveal that HCs generated by nonradiative decay of electrically excited plasmons play a key role in above-threshold light emission. We observed the crossover from above- to below-threshold light emission regime by controlling the tunneling current. There is a giant material dependence of the photon yield, as much as four orders of magnitude, much greater than the plasmon-enhanced radiative efficiency of the tunneling gap. The spectral features of light emission are consistent with a proposed mechanism that incorporates the plasmonic field enhancement and a non-equilibrium HC distribution parametrized by a bias-dependent Boltzmann factor. The effective temperatures of HCs are found to correlate with the bias voltage, rather than the dissipated electrical power. electrically driven HC generation (above 2000 K under modest voltage) and plasmon-enhanced light emission could open new strategies for chemistry, optoelectronics and quantum optics. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light emission

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Frontispiece: Heat-Free Biomimetic Metal Molding on Soft Substrates

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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020年第38期59卷

作者： Julia J. Chang Andrew Martin Chuanshen Du Alana M. Pauls Martin Thuo Iowa State University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ames IA 50014 USA Micro-Electronics Research Centre Ames IA 50014 USA Iowa State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ames IA 50014 USA

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Corrigendum to ‘Successes and challenges of factor analysis/target transformation application to visible-to-near-infrared hyperspectral data’: [Icarus 365 (2021) 114402]

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Icarus 2021年 368卷

作者： J.D. Tarnas J.F. Mustard X. Wu E. Das K.M. Cannon C.B. Hundal A.C. Pascuzzo J.R. Kellner M. Parente Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences Brown University United States National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences China Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines United States Space Resources Program Colorado School of Mines United States Institute at Brown for Environment and Society Brown University United States Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts at Amherst United States

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