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Metallic Alloys: Emergent Opportunities with Metallic Alloys: From Material Design to Optical Devices (Advanced Optical materials 23/2020)

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Advanced Optical materials 2020年第23期8卷 2070091-2070091页

作者： Tao Gong Peifen Lyu Kevin J. Palm Sarvenaz Memarzadeh Jeremy N. Munday Marina S. Leite Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

Marina S. Leite and co‐workers present a comprehensive survey of recent advances accomplished in photonics and plasmonics by implementing metal‐alloy‐based materials: see article number 2001082. Metallic alloys represent a promising pathway to tailor the optical properties of devices, enabling further control of the electromagnetic spectrum. They have found burgeoning applications in nanophotonics such as superabsorbers, hydrogen sensing, hot carrier devices, photocatalysis, and photovoltaics. The cover image highlights all the metal elements in alloy systems covered in this Review.

关键词： alloyed nanostructures dynamic optics permittivity photonics plasmonics thin films

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Precision measurement of electron-electron scattering in GaAs/AlGaAs using transverse magnetic focusing

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gupta, Adbhut Heremans, Jean J. Kataria, Gitansh Chandra, Mani Fallahi, Saeed Gardner, Geoffrey C. Manfra, Michael J. Department of Physics Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA24061 United States Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA24061 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Microsoft Quantum Purdue Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Electron-electron (e-e) interactions assume a cardinal role in solid-state physics. Quantifying the e-e scattering length is hence critical. In this paper we show that the mesoscopic phenomenon of transverse magnetic focusing (TMF) in two-dimensional electron systems forms a precise and sensitive technique to measure this length scale. Conversely we quantitatively demonstrate that e-e scattering is the predominant effect limiting TMF amplitudes in high-mobility materials. Using high-resolution kinetic simulations, we show that the TMF amplitude at a maximum decays exponentially as a function of the e-e scattering length, which leads to a ready approach to extract this length from the measured TMF amplitudes. The approach is applied to measure the temperature-dependent e-e scattering length in high-mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The simulations further reveal current vortices that accompany the cyclotron orbits - a collective phenomenon counterintuitive to the ballistic transport underlying a TMF setting. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gallium arsenide

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Achieving a quantum smart workforce

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Aiello, Clarice D. Awschalom, D.D. Bernien, Hannes Brower-Thomas, Tina Brown, Kenneth R. Brun, Todd A. Caram, Justin R. Chitambar, Eric Di Felice, Rosa Fox, Michael F.J. Haas, Stephan Holleitner, Alexander W. Hudson, Eric R. Hunt, Jeffrey H. Joynt, Robert Koziol, Scott Lewandowski, H.J. McClure, Douglas T. Palsberg, Jens Passante, Gina Pudenz, Kristen L. Richardson, Christopher J.K. Rosenberg, Jessica L. Ross, R.S. Saffman, Mark Singh, M. Steuerman, David W. Stark, Chad Thijssen, Jos Vamivakas, A. Nick Whitfield, James D. Zwickl, Benjamin M. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Howard University Graduate School WashingtonDC20059 United States Center for Integrated Quantum Materials Howard University PI WashingtonDC20059 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Chemistry and Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Center for Quantum Science and Engineering University of California – Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignIL61801 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States JILA National Institute of Standards and Technology University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Garching85748 Germany UCLA Center for Quantum Science and Engineering University of California – Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States Boeing Company El SegundoCA90245 United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Baylor University WacoTX76798 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY

Interest in building dedicated Quantum Information science and engineering (QISE) education programs has greatly expanded in recent years. These programs are inherently convergent, complex, often resource intensive and likely require collaboration with a broad variety of stakeholders. In order to address this combination of challenges, we have captured ideas from many members in the community. This manuscript not only addresses policy makers and funding agencies (both public and private and from the regional to the international level) but also contains needs identified by industry leaders and discusses the difficulties inherent in creating an inclusive QISE curriculum. We report on the status of eighteen post-secondary education programs in QISE and provide guidance for building new programs. Lastly, we encourage the development of a comprehensive strategic plan for quantum education and workforce development as a means to make the most of the ongoing substantial investments being made in QISE. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Personnel

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Multimodal intelligent transwell system

Multimodal intelligent transwell system

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2018 Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head 2018

作者： Rajasekaran, P. Ramiah Chapin, A. Quan, D.N. Jang, S.H. Herberholz, J. Hu, L. Bentley, W.E. Ghodssi, R. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD United States Department of Psychology in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science University of Maryland College ParkMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781940470030

This work is the first demonstration of a 3D printed, modular, multimodal electrochemical-sensor-integrated, transwell system for monitoring tissue culture and molecular signaling, in vitro. Integral to the design of this platform is a porous membrane hosting an in vitro tissue culture with cell-interfaced electrochemical sensors. Interfacial -electrical cell surface impedance sensing (ECIS) electrodes and -cyclic voltammetric electrodes (CV) are used to monitor epithelial barrier formation and basolateral molecular release respectively. Such interfacial sensor-integrated tissue culture platform enables unprecedented access and provides temporal information that conventional transwells cannot furnish. We use this platform to uncover signaling events occurring along the gut-microbiome-brain-axis (GMBA). © 2016 TRF.

关键词： Tissue

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Characterization of TOF-PET detectors for a second generation radiofrequency-penetrable PET insert for simultaneous PET/MRI

Characterization of TOF-PET detectors for a second generatio...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Qian Dong Brian J. Lee Chen-Ming Chang Ilaria Sacco Ronald D. Watkins Peter Fischer Emily Anaya Craig S. Levin Departments of Electrical Engineering and Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Departments of Applied Physics and Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA USA Department of Computer Science Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany Departments of Radiology Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Physics Stanford University and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Stanford CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728141640

ISBN: (纸本)9781728141657

Simultaneous PET/MRI combines two powerful and complementary modalities, providing multiparametric information to assess the anatomic as well as biochemical basis of disease. However, the high cost of the current commercial integrated PET/MRI systems limit the long-term potential, accessibility, and availability of PET/MRI. A portable PET insert provides a cost- effective alternative to achieve simultaneous PET/MRI for the sites that are already equipped with MR systems. Therefore, we are developing a radiofrequency (RF)-penetrable MR-compatible time-of-flight (TOF)-PET insert that can acquire simultaneous PET/MR data using the MR systems built-in body coil for RF transmission. In this study, we characterized performance of two detector modules in the MR bore under four different MRI conditions: B 0 only, echo planar imaging (EPI), gradient echo (GRE), and fast spin echo (FSE), each running for 15 minutes. The one-hour study results for coincidence timing resolution, energy resolution, coincidence count rate and ASIC chip temperature of two detector modules demonstrate the PET performance stability as well as the MR compatibility of the PET detectors under different MRI sequences. The global coincidence timing and energy resolution achieved was 264.21 ± 4.82 ps FWHM and 13.66 ± 0.08 % FWHM, respectively.

关键词： Detectors Clocks Energy resolution Magnetic resonance imaging Timing Positron emission tomography Radio frequency

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Lithography-free kirchhoff’s metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kumagai, Takuhiro Naoki, T.O. Balčytis, Armandas Seniutinas, Gediminas Juodkazis, Saulius Nishijima, Yoshiaki Department of Physics Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan Center for Physical Sciences and Technology A. Goštauto 9 VilniusLT-01108 Lithuania School of Science Swinburne University of Technology HawthornVIC3122 Australia Institute of Advanced Sciences Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku Yokohama240-8501 Japan School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8550 Japan

Lithography-free metasurfaces composed of a nano-layered stack of materials are attractive not only due to their optical properties but also by virtue of fabrication simplicity and cost reduction of devices based on such structures. We demonstrate a multi-layer metasurface with engineered electromagnetic absorption in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range. Characterization of thin SiO2 and Si films sandwiched between two Au layers by way of experimental absorption and thermal radiation measurements as well as finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical simulations is presented. Comparison of experimental and simulation data of optical properties of multilayer metasurfaces show guidelines for the absorber/emitter applications. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical properties

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Machine-learning-accelerated high-throughput materials screening: Discovery of novel quaternary Heusler compounds

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Physical Review materials 2018年第12期2卷 123801-123801页

作者： Kyoungdoc Kim Logan Ward Jiangang He Amar Krishna Ankit Agrawal C. Wolverton Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Computation Institute University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Discovering novel, multicomponent crystalline materials is a complex task owing to the large space of feasible structures. Here we demonstrate a method to significantly accelerate materials discovery by using a machine learning (ML) model trained on density functional theory (DFT) data from the Open Quantum materials Database (OQMD). Our ML model predicts the stability of a material based on its crystal structure and chemical composition, and we illustrate the effectiveness of the method by application to finding new quaternary Heusler (QH) compounds. Our ML-based approach can find new stable materials at a rate 30 times faster than undirected searches and we use it to predict 55 previously unknown, stable QH compounds. We find the accuracy of our ML model is higher when trained using the diversity of crystal structures available in the OQMD than when training on well-curated datasets which contain only a single family of crystal structures (i.e., QHs). The advantage of using diverse training data shows how large datasets, such as OQMD, are particularly valuable for materials discovery and that we need not train separate ML models to predict each different family of crystal structures. Compared to other proposed ML approaches, we find that our method performs best for small (<103) and large (>105) training set sizes. The excellent flexibility and accuracy of the approach presented here can be easily generalized to other types of crystals.

关键词： Density functional theory High-throughput calculations

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Non-uniform along thickness spin excitations in magnetic vortex-state nanodots

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Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur 2020年第8期46卷 1021-1027页

作者： Kakazei, G.N. Guslienko, K.Y. Verba, R.V. Ding, J. Liu, X.M. Adeyeye, A.O. Departamento de Física e Astronomia Universidade do Porto Porto4169-007 Portugal Departamento de Física de Materiales Universidad del País Vasco San Sebastián20018 Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao48011 Spain Institute of Magnetism NAS of Ukraine MES of Ukraine Kyiv03142 Ukraine Information Storage Materials Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117576 Singapore Department of Physics Durham University South Rd DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom

We summarize our experimental findings in the arrays of Ni80Fe20 circular nanodots with diameter 300 nm and thickness 20 nm ≤ L ≤ 100 nm, probed by broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the absence of external magnetic field. Spin excitation modes related to the vortex core gyrotropic dynamics were observed in the gigahertz frequency range. Micromagnetic simulations revealed that they are flexure oscillations of the vortex core string with n = 0, 1, 2 nodes along the dot thickness. It was found that for L > 70 nm the intensity of more complicated n = 1 vortex gyrotropic mode is unexpectedly higher than the one of the lowest n = 0 gyrotropic mode. This behavior was clarified on the basis of the inhomogeneous vortex mode phase profiles extracted from micromagnetic simulations and calculated analytically. Precise measurements of the dependence of resonance frequency of the vortex n = 0 mode on the dot thickness demonstrated a clear maximum around L = 70 nm, that was theoretically explained by introducing a vortex mass, which is a result of the vortex distortion due to interaction with spin waves having azimuthal indices m = ±1. Finally, several azimuthal spin-wave modes having curled structure at the dot top and bottom faces were found in the spectrum of the dots with thicknesses L ≥ 40 nm. © G.N. Kakazei, K.Y. Guslienko, R.V. Verba, J. Ding, X.M. Liu, and A.O. Adeyeye, 2020

关键词： Ferromagnetic resonance

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Hafnium Pentatelluride: Thermal Conductivity of HfTe5: A Critical Revisit (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2020)

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Advanced Functional materials 2020年第5期30卷 2070032-2070032页

作者： Tianli Feng Xuewang Wu Xiaolong Yang Peipei Wang Liyuan Zhang Xu Du Xiaojia Wang Sokrates T. Pantelides Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

In article number 1907286, Xiaojia Wang, Sokrates T. Pantelides, and co‐workers discover that single‐crystalline hafnium pentatelluride (HfTe5) possesses strong thermal anisotropy owing to its quasi‐1D asymmetrical... 详细信息

In article number 1907286, Xiaojia Wang, Sokrates T. Pantelides, and co‐workers discover that single‐crystalline hafnium pentatelluride (HfTe₅) possesses strong thermal anisotropy owing to its quasi‐1D asymmetrical structure. The original factors contributing to its substantially higher thermal conductivity along the b‐axis (≈0.42 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) than the previously reported record‐low thermal conductivity (≈0.33 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) of zirconium pentatelluride are revealed. This work could guide the design and engineering of high‐efficiency new directional thermal management for various applications.

关键词： pentatellurides phonons thermal conductivities time‐domain thermoreflectance

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Left ventricular hypertrophy detection using electrocardiographic signal

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Scientific reports 2023年第1期13卷 2556页

作者： Cheng-Wei Liu Fu-Hsing Wu Yu-Lun Hu Ren-Hao Pan Chuen-Horng Lin Yung-Fu Chen Guo-Shiang Tseng Yung-Kuan Chan Ching-Lin Wang Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan. Bachelor Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan. Department of Management Information Systems National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan. La Vida Tec. Co. Ltd. Taichung Taiwan. Preventive Medicine Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Information Management Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan. Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan. Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Taoyuan Armed Force General Hospital Hsinchu Branch Hsinchu Taiwan. Department of Management Information Systems National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan. ykchan@nchu.edu.tw. Department of Information Management National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan. clwang@ncut.edu.tw.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) indicates subclinical organ damage, associating with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. From the medical perspective, electrocardiogram (ECG) is a low-cost, non-invasive, and easily reproducible tool that is often used as a preliminary diagnosis for the detection of heart disease. Nowadays, there are many criteria for assessing LVH by ECG. These criteria usually include that voltage combination of RS peaks in multi-lead ECG must be greater than one or more thresholds for diagnosis. We developed a system for detecting LVH using ECG signals by two steps: firstly, the R-peak and S-valley amplitudes of the 12-lead ECG were extracted to automatically obtain a total of 24 features and ECG beats of each case (LVH or non-LVH) were segmented; secondly, a back propagation neural network (BPN) was trained using a dataset with these features. Echocardiography (ECHO) was used as the gold standard for diagnosing LVH. The number of LVH cases (of a Taiwanese population) identified was 173. As each ECG sequence generally included 8 to 13 cycles (heartbeats) due to differences in heart rate, etc., we identified 1466 ECG cycles of LVH patients after beat segmentation. Results showed that our BPN model for detecting LVH reached the testing accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.961, 0.958, 0.966 and 0.956, respectively. Detection performances of our BPN model, on the whole, outperform 7 methods using ECG criteria and many ECG-based artificial intelligence (AI) models reported previously for detecting LVH.

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