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arXiv 2025年

作者： Karmakar, Srabani Deo, Milind Rahaman, Imteaz Mohanty, Swomitra Kumar Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Utah United States Departments of Chemical Engineering University of Utah United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Utah United States Departments of Chemical Engineering Department of Materials Science Engineering University of Utah United States

Silica nanoparticles have emerged as key building blocks for advanced applications in electronics, catalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and environmental science. In this review, we focus on recent developments in both the synthesis and deposition of these nanoparticles, emphasizing the widely used Stöber method and the versatile technique of electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The Stöber method is celebrated for its simplicity and reliability, offering precise control over particle size, morphology, and surface properties to produce uniform, monodisperse silica nanoparticles that meet high-quality standards for advanced applications. EPD, on the other hand, is a cost-effective, room-temperature process that enables uniform coatings on substrates with complex geometries. When compared to traditional techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, and spin coating, EPD stands out due to its scalability, enhanced material compatibility, and ease of processing. Moreover, Future research should integrate AI-driven optimization with active learning to enhance electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of silica nanoparticles, leveraging predictive modeling and real-time adjustments for improved film quality and process efficiency. This approach promises to accelerate material discovery and enable scalable nanofabrication of advanced functional films. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spin coating

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On-demand magnon resonance isolation in cavity magnonics

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第2期23卷 024053-024053页

作者： Amin Pishehvar Zhaoyou Wang Yujie Zhu Yu Jiang Zixin Yan Fangxin Li Josep M. Jornet Jia-Mian Hu Liang Jiang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin—Madison Madison Wisconsin53706 USA

Cavity magnonics is a promising field focusing on the interaction between spin waves (magnons) and other types of signal. In cavity magnonics, isolation of magnons from the cavity to allow signal storage and processing fully in the magnonic domain is highly desired, but its realization is often hindered by the lack of necessary tunability of the interaction. This work shows that by using the collective mode of two yttrium iron garnet spheres and applying Floquet engineering, magnonic signals can be switched on demand to a magnon dark mode that is protected from the environment, enabling a variety of manipulation over the magnon dynamics. Our demonstration can be scaled up to systems with an array of magnonic resonators, paving the way for large-scale programmable hybrid magnonic circuits.

关键词： Yttrium iron garnet

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Graph-based design of irregular metamaterials

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International Journal of Mechanical sciences 2025年 295卷

作者： Karimi Mahabadi, Rayehe Chen, Zhi Ogren, Alexander C. Zhang, Han Daraio, Chiara Rudin, Cynthia Brinson, L. Catherine Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University DurhamNC United States Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC United States Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States

In the field of metamaterial research, irregular structures offer a novel and less conventional approach compared to traditional periodic designs. Designing irregular metamaterials is challenging when it comes to ensuring interconnectivity, which is essential for manufacturability. This study introduces an innovative framework for generating irregular metamaterials using graph algorithms, ensuring connectivity and adaptability across various base shapes, including cylinders, triangles, pyramids, and cubes. By employing graph algorithms, our framework enhances the intuitiveness and efficiency of design representation and manipulation, streamlining the design process. The framework generates families of designs that exhibit a wide range of property magnitudes that can be adjusted intuitively by modifying the input parameters. The rapid design process allows many designs to be generated, offering the user a multitude of solutions around the target property range. The designs can be effectively implemented in various fields and subjected to diverse analytical studies, including static, dynamic, and eigenfrequency assessments. We illustrate computational results for two key properties (stiffness and acoustic impedance), showcasing the method's effectiveness through examples ranging from rod-based to cube-based designs. The framework not only advances metamaterial research but also creates new opportunities for innovation in fields requiring customized material properties. © 2025

关键词： Acoustic impedance

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An Improved Vision Transformer Architecture-Based computer Recognition Platform for Lilium Classification

An Improved Vision Transformer Architecture-Based Computer R...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Xiang-Rui Huang Huai-Jhan Ke Szu-Yu Kuo Liang-Bi Chen Department of Electrical Engineering Master Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Penghu University of Science and Technology Penghu Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Penghu University of Science and Technology Penghu Taiwan Department of Shipping and Transportation Management National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331521165

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521172

Lilies are popular in the global flower market, but consumers often lack information about specific varieties. To address this issue, this paper proposes a computer recognition platform based on the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture. The proposed platform uses an improved vision transformer (ViT) architecture to classify different types of lilies, allowing consumers to access information and names of various Lilium species. The experimental results show that the proposed lily classification model achieved a 96.4% accuracy rate in classifying six lily species.

关键词： computer vision Electric potential Accuracy Computational modeling computer architecture computer applications Flowering plants Network architecture Transformers Consumer electronics

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Quantum sensing with an off the shelf super resolution microscope 2

Quantum sensing with an off the shelf super resolution micro...

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Quantum Effects and Measurement Techniques in Biology and Biophotonics II

作者： Noh, Sangjun Jiang, Minghao Leon, Jocelyn Hemmer, Philip Burke, Peter J. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843-3128 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684287

In this paper we present a simple method to demonstrate quantum sensing of magnetic fields with nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond using an off the shelf, commercial confocal and super resolution (Airyscan) microscope and a microwave generator. The measurement is based on CW (continuous wave) optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). The noise is empirically analyzed. This should give a good indication of what labs can expect with readily available microscopes in any modern university setting. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Magnetic resonance measurement

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Effect of composition and two-step annealing on Ce-doped terbium iron garnets on Si

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Optical materials Express 2025年第7期15卷 1407-1418页

作者： Pang-Hsiao Liu Biazid Kabir Moghal Bethanie J H Stadler Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis 55454 Minnesota USA liu01908@umn.edu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis 55454 Minnesota USA

Cerium-doped terbium iron garnet (CeTbIG) thin films with varying compositions and thicknesses were deposited to determine a garnet formation region. Both grain size and Faraday rotation (FR) increased in this region as the Ce content increased until 20% of the dodecahedral sites were occupied by Ce. The high Ce content was achieved by lowering the Fe ratio with respect to the total rare earth content. Above 20% Ce, the Faraday rotation was relatively independent of composition at -830 o /cm, which is similar in magnitude to positive Faraday rotation garnets, e.g.: + 600 o /cm for undoped TbIG. Next, we found that a two-step annealing method, involving a 400°C pre-anneal followed by higher temperatures, effectively reduced the maximum temperature from 900°C to 800°C without decreasing the Faraday rotation. Finally, a Si-integrated interferometer was simulated using the stable (+) and (-) Faraday rotation materials developed in this work. The simulation identified a Si-integrated Mach Zehnder Interferometers (MZI) with “push/pull” nonreciprocal phase shifts (NRPS) of opposite signs that enable mm-scale with zero external magnetic field (field-free).

关键词： Faraday effect Mach Zehnder interferometers Phase shift Pulsed laser deposition Scanning electron microscopy Thin films

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The growing memristor industry

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Nature 2025年第8059期640卷 613-622页

作者： Lanza, Mario Pazos, Sebastian Aguirre, Fernando Sebastian, Abu Le Gallo, Manuel Alam, Syed M. Ikegawa, Sumio Yang, J. Joshua Vianello, Elisa Chang, Meng-Fan Molas, Gabriel Naveh, Ishai Ielmini, Daniele Liu, Ming Roldan, Juan B. Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Materials Science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Intrinsic Semiconductor Technologies London United Kingdom IBM Research – Zurich Rüschlikon Switzerland Everspin Technologies Chandler AZ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA United States CEA-Leti Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Electrical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Weebit Nano Hod Hasharon Israel Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano and *** Milano Italy Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores Universidad de Granada Facultad de Ciencias Granada Spain

The semiconductor industry is experiencing an accelerated transformation to overcome the scaling limits of the transistor and to adapt to new requirements in terms of data storage and computation, especially driven by artificial intelligence applications and the Internet of Things. In this process, new materials, devices, integration strategies and system architectures are being developed and optimized. Among them, memristive devices and circuits—memristors are two-terminal memory devices that can also mimic some basic bioelectronic functions—offer a potential approach to create more compact, energy-efficient or better-performing systems. The memristor industry is growing quickly, raising abundant capital investment, creating new jobs and placing advanced products in the market. Here we analyse the status and prospects of the memristor industry, focusing on memristor-based products that are already commercially available, prototypes with a high technological readiness level that might affect the market in the near future, and discuss obstacles and pathways to their implementation. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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Numerical Modelling of Buffer Layers for Advancing CZTSSe Solar Cell Efficiency

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ahamed, Tanzir Rayhan, Fozlur Rahaman, Imteaz Rahman, Md Hamidur Bappy, Md MehediHasan Ahammed, Tanvir Ghosh, Sampad Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering CCN University of Science and Technology Cumilla3503 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chattogram4349 Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lamar University BeaumontTX77705 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Rajshahi Rajshahi6205 Bangladesh

Kesterite is a leading candidate among inorganic thin-film photovoltaic technologies, offering sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions without reliance on critical raw materials. This study investigates the performance of CZTSSe-based kesterite solar cells using SCAPS-1D simulations. Four device configurations are analyzed by integrating the CZTSSe absorber layer with buffer materials, including CdS, SnS2, IGZO, and ZnSe, selected based on their energy band alignment. Moreover, key parameters influencing device efficiency, such as absorber defect density, buffer layer thickness, and the donor and defect densities of the buffer materials, are systematically examined. The thickness of the absorber layer and acceptor density are optimized, considering practical manufacturing constraints. Following optimization, the i-ZnO/SnS2/CZTSSe/Au configuration achieves a notable efficiency of 28.38%, with a VOC of 0.83 V, a JSC of 39.93 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 85.4%. Furthermore, the stability of the optimized structures is evaluated under varying conditions, including resistances, temperature, generation and recombination dynamics, as well as JV and QE characteristics. These findings provide valuable insights for advancing the efficiency and stability of CZTSSe solar cells, contributing to the development of sustainable photovoltaic technologies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： II-VI semiconductors

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Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and non reciprocity in micro-resonators

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 401-410页

作者： Hwaseob Lee Lorry Chang Ali Kecebas Dun Mao Yahui Xiao Tiantian Li Andrea Alù Sahin K.Özdemir Tingyi Gu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDelaware 19716USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA Physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO 63103USA

Exceptional points(EPs)have been extensively explored in mechanical,acoustic,plasmonic,and photonic ***,little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices.A specific type of EPs known as chiral EPs has recently attracted much attention for controlling the flow of light and for building sensors with better responsivity.A recently demonstrated route to chiral EPs via lithographically defined symmetric Mie scatterers on the rim of resonators has not only provided the much-needed mechanical stability for studying chiral EPs,but also helped reduce losses originating from nanofabrication imperfections,facilitating the in-situ study of chiral EPs and their contribution to the dynamics and tunability of ***,we use asymmetric Mie scatterers to break the rotational symmetry of a microresonator,to demonstrate deterministic thermal tuning across a chiral EP,and to demonstrate EP-mediated chiral optical nonlinear response and efficient electro-optic *** results indicate asymmetric electro-optic modulation with up to 17 dB contrast at GHz and CMOS-compatible voltage *** wafer-scale nano-manufacturing of chiral electro-optic modulators and the chiral EP-tailored tunning may facilitate new micro-resonator functionalities in quantum information processing,electromagnetic wave control,and optical interconnects.

关键词： active point micro chiral enhanced exceptional reciprocity resonators tuning

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Optical properties of scandium-doped aluminum nitride thin film for integrated photonics 29

Optical properties of scandium-doped aluminum nitride thin f...

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Integrated Optics: Devices, materials, and Technologies XXIX 2025

作者： Li, Nanxi Zhuge, Yangyang Chung, Wing Wai Gong, Xiangxin Xu, Siyu Cao, Yanmei Li, Minghua Tsang, Yat Fung Toh, Yeow Teck Lee, Steven Hou Jang Lin, Huamao Tobing, Landobasa Y.M. Ho, Chong Pei Chae, Sang Hoon Luo, Xianshu Lee, Chengkuo 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis #08-02 Singapore138634 Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore117583 Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Ave Singapore639798 Singapore 1 Fusionopolis Way #19-10 Connexis North Singapore138632 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Ave Singapore639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684867

Scandium (Sc)-doped aluminum nitride (AlN) has been widely used as a piezoelectric material in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. Recently, it also draws interests in photonics research contributed by its enhanced nonlinear optical property. Here, we report the (n, k) values of Sc-doped AlN thin films under various doping concentrations. These thin films with thickness of around 500 nm are deposited on silica through co-sputtering process. Reduced optical bandgap energies are observed at higher Sc doping concentrations. Furthermore, the top surface roughness of 2 region. Also, with etching process optimization, the 10% Sc-doped photonic waveguide sidewall angle and roughness have been obtained as >80° and 4. The reported results here pave the way towards Sc-doped AlN for integrated photonics, with potential applications in communication, sensing, and quantum computing. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Aluminum nitride

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